英语B级语法总结

英语B级语法总结
英语B级语法总结

词性部分

1.名词的词性转换:

-ion suggestion,action,reaction, solution, permission

-ation invitation, imagination, operation, application, explanation

-ment argument, equipment, employment, agreement, arrangement, amusement

-ence\ance evidence , confidence, existence, difference,

importance, appearance

-y honesty, difficulty, poverty, reality, variety,

-er reader ruler manager, follower,

-or operator actor

-ee employee trainee

-th growth truth depth

-ness happiness, illness, sickness, goodness, coldness, fitness,

-ility possibility responsibility

-al arrival, withdrawal, disposal, denial

-age shortage, usage, courage, leakage, marriage

-ief belief, relief

典型考题:

1. We have been informed that the (equip) ______ will be arriving here in ten days.

2. I sincerely thank you for your (invite)______ to the Industrial Exhibition

3. I am sorry to learn that you have made no (improve) ______ on the design at all.

4. The right side of the brain controls our (imagine) __________, our understanding of

space and color.

5. There is a rapid increase in population in that country that has caused a food (short)

___________ .

6. I was told that Disney World is one of Florida’s major (tour)_________ attractions.

7. There has been a large (grow) ________ of light industries during these years.

8. There were only a few (survive) ______ from the air-crash.

9. The committee expects to come to a (decide) _____ within this week.

10. The boss has promised a wage increase for all the (employ) _______.

KEY

1. equipment

2. invitation

3. improvement

4. imagination

5. shortage

6. tourist

7. growth

8. survivors

9. decision 10. employees

2.形容词的词性转换:

1.作定语,

2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。

3.形容词的比较级和最高级

-ful beautiful wonderful careful,thoughtful,useful,

-able acceptable reasonable,reliable,valuable,

-less useless careless

-ing willing annoying,entertaining

-ive active creative attractive,effective,

-ed pleased delighted

-al traditional personal additional

-ly friendly,lively, lovely,lonely, fatherly, costly,woodly

3.副词的词性转换

1.adv.+v, v+adv.

2.adv.+adj

3.adv,+句子

典型考题:

1.He was (serious) ___________ injured in the accident.

2. “But why on earth did you agree to the proposal?” I asked (curious) ___________.

3.When she heard that her father was (danger) ________ ill, she burst into tears.

4That was (apparent) __________ a careless mistake caused by the operator.

5. (Luck) _________, the flood did not do much damage to the crops.

6. The poor peasants were (heavy) _________ taxed.

7. (person)________, I don’t agree with you though we are good friends.

KEY:

1.seriously

2.curiously

3.dangerously

4.apparently

5.luckily

6.heavily7personaly

语法部分

I.动词的时态

时态是谓语动词的形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语的时态共有十六种。

一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态

现在do/does ,am/is/are doing,have/has done ,have/has been doing

过去did ,was/were doing ,had done ,had been doing

将来shall/will do,shall/will be doing ,shall/will have done,shall/will have been doing

过去将来should/would do,should/would be doing,should/would have done,should/would have been doing

但其中《大纲》要求的主要有以下十种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。

(一)一般现在时

1.表示经常性的动作和状态,常与always, every day, never, often, usually, sometimes等频度副词连用;说话时人和事物的特性或状态;客观真理等。

I usually go to work at seven in the morning.

Is there anything wrong with you? Y ou look pale.

The earth moves round the sun.

I-------ping-pong quite well, but I haven`t had time to play since the new year.

A.will play

B. have played

C. played

D. play

答案选D。本题干后一分句用了转折语气,并用了现在完成时,表示自从新年以来一直没用打过乒乓球,由此排除选项A和C。

空格处是指含现在时间在内的广泛意义上的现在时间。

2.表示计划或安排中的动作。

The train leaves for Guangzhou at 2:30 p.m.

3.在(when)时间和(if)条件状语从句中,表示一般将来时。

考题1:

---When will you come to see me, Dad?

---I will go to see you when you _______ the training course.

A will have finished B. will finish C .are finishing D. finish

考题2:

China will be the largest market for automobiles in 20 to 25 years if the country?s

economy __________ to grow at the current rate.

A. continues

B. has continued

C. continued

D. has been continued

答案选DA

(二)一般过去时

1.表示过去所发生的动作或状态。

My friend worked in Beijing for two years. He went to France last year.

---Y ou haven`t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?

---I`m sorry I _______anything about it sooner. I certainly think it`s pretty on you.

A.wasn`t saying

B. don`t say

C. won`t say

D. didn`t say

答案是D。

2.过去的习惯。

When I was at college, I went to the library every afternoon.

3.先后一连串动作。

The old lady went to the market ,bought some vegetables and went home.

4.用于虚拟语气

It is time we went home.

(三)一般将来时

表示将来要发生的动作或状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用

1.Will / shall + do

(1)表示预见、意图或用在疑问句中征询听话人的意见。

He will be back soon.

I shall / will send Mr.Zhang an e-mail tomorrow.

Will you go to the cinema with me?

It______ long before we ______ the result of the experiment.

A.will not be ; will know

B. is ; will know

C. will not be ; know

D. is ; know

答案选C。次题考查一般将来时在固定句型中的运用。

(2)表示现在的习惯、需要,预测现在某事可能要发生,或者对将来的事情现在作出决定。

Fish will die without water.

Shall I help you?

It is ten o`clock. Mary will be in bed by now.

---Which dress do you want?

---I`ll take the red one.

2.其他形式:

(1)be going to + do 表示计划、安排,或“最近将来”要发生的事情,还可以描述根据某种迹象表明将要发生的事情。

We are going to have a party this evening.

Look at the clouds. It`s going to rain.

(2)be + doing 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

I am leaving for London tomorrow.

(3)be + to do表示按计划安排即将发生的动作;表示命令、禁止或可能性等。

We are to finish the work before five this afternoon.

(四) 过去将来时

表示相对于过去某一时间将要发生的动作或状态,常用于宾语从句中。

He warned us that the journey would be very dangerous.

(五) 现在进行时

1.表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。

What is she doing now?

2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____so rapidly.

A.is changing

B. has changed

C. will have changed

D. will change

答案选A.

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作或状态,通常只限于少数动词。

I`ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _________ my mum.

A. am taking

B. have taken

C. take

D. will have taken

答案选A.

(六) 过去进行时

表示过去某一时间或某一阶段正在进行的动作。

Radios had just been invented then, and the people were talking about sending pictures by electricity.

I was attending a meeting this time yesterday.

The reporter said that the UFO ________ from east to west when he saw it.

A.was traveling

B. traveled

C. had been traveling

D. was to travel

答案选A。

(七)将来进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作

This time on Saturday I shall be flying to Paris.

2.有时可以表示预料不久将要发生的动作,比一般将来时显得客气。

A new film is on at the cinema. Will you be seeing it?

(八) 现在完成时

1.表示发生在过去但对现在有影响的动作。

I wonder why Jenny _______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

A.hasn`t written

B. doesn`t write

C. won`t write

D. hadn`t written

答案选A。

2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(可能还会继续下去)的动作,常用于延续性动词,多和一段时间状语

如since, so far,, for a year, in recent years 等连用。

3.表示将来,用于时间,条件等状语从句中。

I‘ll go with you as soon as I have finished my work.

4.“ This/ It is the first/ second time that…..”句型中,从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时。

This is the third time they haven?t come for the rubbish.

(九) 过去完成时

1.表示过去某一时间以前已完成的动作,常于by, before等引导的时间状语连用。

He had been in this college for five years before I came to study.

By the end of last month we had learned 2,000 English words.

2. 在no sooner… than, hardly, when 等句型中,主句常用过去完成时,从句则用一般过去时。

No sooner had I entered the classroom when the bell rung.

3.在时间和条件从句中代替过去将来时。

The doctor said the patient would sleep deeply for about twelve hours until the poison had stopped doing its harm.

4. think, hope, intend, mean, expect, want, plan等动词的过去完成时表示过去的愿望,打算,计划等没有实现。

I had hoped to visit him, but I was too busy.

这类动词和不定式连用时可以改为“过去式+不定式的完成式”。

I hoped to have visited him, but I was too busy.

(十) 现在完成进行时

表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在,并可能还会继续下去的动作,常与for, since等引导的时间状语连用。

I have been working at the factory for nearly twenty years.

II.动词语态

语态是动词的一种形式,说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时,称为主动语态;当主语是动作的承受者时,称为被动语态。被动语态的一般形式(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时)经常出现在填空题中,较复杂的如非谓语动词的被动语态、被动语态的完成时和进行时、短语动词的被动语态以及含情态动词的被动语态则多出现在选择题中。

考试中常见句型:

(1)be + 动词过去分词

(2)be +being + 动词过去分词(被动语态的进行时)

(3)have /had + been + 动词过去分词

典型考题:

1. These pills should (keep) ________out of the reach of children.

2. When he arrived at the hospital, he asked worriedly who was ______ (operate) on.

3. The house with the furniture (buy) ______ for $50,000 last year.

4.A new hospital (build) ________ in our hometown now.

5. If the medicine (take) ______ in time, it will be quite effective.

KEY:

1.be kept 2 being operated 3 was bought 4 is being built 5 is taken

III.虚拟语气

虚拟语气是每次必考的一个项目。根据《基本要求》的规定,大家必须掌握以下几点:

1.条件从句中的虚拟语气

(1)与现在事实相反:从句If + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be --- were)

主句主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形

(2)与过去事实相反:从句if+主语+had+过去分词

主句主语+should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词

(3)与将来事实相反:从句If+主语+were to +动词原形/ if+主语+should+动词原形

主句省略+ should/would/could/might+动词原形

2.省略If的条件句中的虚拟语气

当条件句中出现were, should, had等时,可以将If省略,把were, should, had 放在主语前面。

3.固定句式中的虚拟语气

(1)demand, suggest, advise, propose 等词引导的宾语从句中;

(2)It +be+ suggested/ demanded+ that引导的主语从句中;

(3)It is +important/ necessary+ that从句中;

(4)suggestion, proposal 引导的同位语从句中;

(5)lest(以防),for fear that(惟恐),in case(以防)引导的从句中;

这些从句中谓语动词是由should+动词原形构成,should也可以省略。

(6)as if

as though

wish + 从句时,如果表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用过去式;如果表示

would rather 与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。

if only

(7)It?s high/ about time +从句时,从句谓语动词只能用过去时。

(8)介词短语可相当于一个条件从句时要用虚拟语气,比如without, but, but for, otherwis e, 等。

主句+would do(表对现在或者将来的虚拟)

主句+would have done(表对过去的虚拟)

典型考题:

1. It…s high time we ________ something to stop road accidents.

A .did

B .are doing

C .will do

D .do

2. I didn?t see your boss at the meeting. If he (come) __________, I would have told him the news.

3. It is advised that we (sign) __________ an agreement right after the discussion.

4. I suggested that he (refuse) __________ the offer proposed by that company.

5. He talked as if he (do) ___________ all the work himself, hut in fact Tom and I did most of it.

KEY:

1.A

2.had come

3. (should) sign

4. (should) refuse

5.had done

IV.非谓语动词

非谓语动词指动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词这几种形式,它们在句中不能独立作谓语,可作定语、状语、补语、主语、表语等。

动词不定分为带to 的不定式和不带to 的不定式句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。动词不定式一般表示动作尚未发生或将要发生。

典型考题:

1.___________ the report, I handed it to John, but she said that George was the person to send it to.

A. Having finished

B. Being finishing C .Finishing D .To have finished

2._____________ from life pressure, many people have to go all out to work until they are tired out.

A. Suffering

B. To suffer

C. Being suffered

D. Having suffered

3. “Susan. What would you say if we go to see the film tonight?”

“Thank you, Tony. But I don?t think it is worth _______ twice.”

A. seeing

B. to see

C. see D .seen

4. The most important thing in life is a great goal plus the determination (reach) _______ the goal.

5. I?m afraid you have been speaking too fast to make yourself (understand) _________.

KEY

: 1.A 2.A 3.A 4 to reach 5 understood

考试中常见句型

(1)不定式作主语时通常用这种结构

It + be +adj. + ( for sb. ) + to do

(2)不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,常带不定式作定语的名词有:way, visit ,solution ,opportunity, effort, determination, etc.

(3)不定式与only连用表示未料到的结果。如:

I went to see him only to find him out.

(4)一些特殊结构中用不带to不定式。如:had better, rather than, cannot but 等。

(5)有些词只能接不定式作宾语。如:want, hope, pretend 等。

(6)连接副词/代词加不定式结构。如:what to do, where to go 等。

动名词主要起名词的作用在,在句中主要作主语,宾语,表语等。

考试中常见句型

(1)有些动词后能接动名词,如:mind, avoid, enjoy 等。

(2)介词接动名词作宾语

(3)某些句型中的动名词运用。如:It?s no use doing…./ …have difficulty doing sth.

过去分词和现在分词主要起形容词的作用,在句中作表语、定语、状语等。两者的区别:

现在分词与逻辑主语是主动关系,表示动作正在进行,而过去分词与逻辑主语是被动

关系,表示动作已完成。在作表语或定语时,现在分词修饰物,过去分词修饰人。熟记

以上规律,在遇到分词时,问题基本上可以迎刃而解。\

V.动词短语、情态动词及主谓一致

动词常和其他词类一起构成固定词组,称为短语动词。短语动词一般出现在选择题中,主要考察考生所掌握的词汇的深度和广度,以及是否掌握了某些常用短语动词的含义及用法。因此考生平时应熟知所学过的短语动词,熟练掌握《基本要求》中“词汇表”所列短语动词的含义及用法。

情态动词看似简单,但做起来较难。在英语应用能力考试中,主要考查情态动词与完成体的搭配。如:

should + have + V ed 表示应该发生却没有发生的事;

must + have + V ed 表示对过去事情的肯定推测;

could /might /may/can + have + Ved 表示对事情的推测,程度视情态动词而定。

主谓一致出现的频率较低,平时稍加注意就可。

典型考题:

1. One of my foreign friends is looking forward to _______ my country.

A. visit

B. visiting

C. having visited

D. be visiting

2. It is thought to be a wise way to have some money _______ for old age .

A. put aside

B. taken off

C. given in

D. set out

3. How many computers will the company ____________ this year?

A. turn up

B. turn out

C. turn on

D. turn over

4. His grandmother brought him up, because his parents __________ when he was only one year old.

A. passed away

B. passed out

C. passed off

D. passed over

5. He told me that I ________ be present at the ceremony.

A. could

B. would

C. should

D. might

6. Mary has got a full mark in the test. She __ C very hard all these days.

A. will work

B. may work

C. must have worked

D. could have worked

KEY:

BAB ACC

VI.倒装句与强调句

.倒装句与强调句也是考试中的两个常见项目。

考试中常见倒装句句型

(1)Neither ,nor, so+ 助动词/情态动词+ 主语

(2)Hardly, never, rarely 开头引起的倒装

(3)Not only…but also; no sooner…than; hardly/scarcely…when 等特殊句式引起的倒装

(4)虚拟语气中的倒装(前面虚拟语气已讲过)

强调句句型

It + be +被强调部分+ that/ who

典型考题:

1.It was in the lab taken charge of by Prof. Harvis ________ they did the experiment.(2000-06-A)

A. that

B. when

C. whom

D. so

2. Not until I began to work _____________ how much time I had wasted. (2000-06-B)

A. have I realized

B.I have realized

C. did I realize

D. I realized

3. ____________ got in the wheat than it began to rain heavily.

A. No sooner have they

B. No sooner they have

C. No sooner had they

D. No sooner they had

4. It was in that small village ____________ our president was born.

A. which

B. when

C. that

D. as

KEY:

ACCC

VII. 主从复合句

主从复合句主要出现在选择题和翻译题中,是词汇和语法结构中的难点,尽管所考项目均在初、高中涉及过,但因其面广,故学生还是感到吃力。

考试中常见句型

(1)主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、和同位语从句等名词性从句

(2)定语从句中的非限定性定语从句及介词+ which 从句

(3)时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句等状语从句

1. ______________ is known to all, China is a developing country.

A. Which

B. What

C. As

D. That

2. I never make a promise I don?t intend to keep ,so when I say forever, for ever is _____________ I mean.

A. where

B. what

C. how

D. why

3. He suddenly left for Paris yesterday, _______ was more than we had expected.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. this

5. _______ woke me up was a loud cry from someone in the next room.

A. How

B. That

C. What

D. This

KEY:

CBCC

重点谈谈定语从句

[基本知识精讲]

在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,也叫形容词性从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导词有关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as 和关系副词when, where and why。定语从句的引导词既起引导从句的作用,同时又担任从句的主语、宾语、定语和状语。在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略,在非限制性定语从句中关系代词不能省略。本节重点讲解使用定语从句应注意的问题。

(1)关系代词只能用that 的情况

先行词是下列情况之一时,关系代词只能用that ,不能用which :

1.先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, anything, nothing, everything 等。

2.先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰。

3.先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级及the only, the very, the last修饰。

4.先行词是既含有人又含有物的名词词组。

(2)介词提前的定语从句

介词提前时,紧跟在介词后面的引导词只能用which, whom, whose,不能用that, who, where 或when要注意此类定语从句中的介词的确定。

1. 根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系确定。

The film about which they are talking is very interesting.

2.根据先行词的搭配关系确定。

I still remember the day on which I first met him.

(3)which 和as 引导的非限制性定语从句

which 和as 都可以引导非限制性定语从句,用来代替主句的内容,区别在于:

1.Which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面,as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句的前面或后面。

2.As 意思为”正如”、“正像”,后边的谓语动词多是see, know, except, report, mention, say 等,主句的内容多是些讲话人或听话人知道的内容。

另外as在限制性定语从句中常用于固定搭配中,如:the same…as, such …as .

Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_________ ,of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B .which C. this D. what

[解析] 本题中of course 是插入语,先行词是整个主句,答案选B.

_________ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

[解析] 答案选B。本题测试考生对句子结构和关联词语的选用。从题干看,逗号后是主句,A,C,D选项均可以排除。选 B 项,as 引导非限制性定语从句,对主句内容的评价。

(4)关系副词引导的定语从句

when, where, why引导定语从句,分别在句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。一般可以理解为:when=in/on/at/ + which, where = in/on + which, why = for+ which.

The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that far away village.

A. until

B. that

C. when

D. where

[解析]答案选C。本题测试考生的连词和关系词的知识及实际运用能力。题干中“to me”把先行词“hours”和应选的关系副词“when” 分开,也增加了题目的难度。

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类: 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 (三)名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式: 1.单数 英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单数

形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange (×)→ a new orange (○) 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk (×)→ an old desk (○) 一张旧课桌 关键字:初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。 注意 有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不是看名词。 2.复数

常用英语语法-日常

一、引出开头 1:It is well-known to us that……(我们都知道……)==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …(就我所知…) 2:Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……(最近……问题引起了关注) 3:Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.(现今,人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题) 4:Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色,它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题)5:With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more people believe that……(随着科技的迅速发展,越来越多的人认为……) 6:It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……(人们一般认为……)7:A lot of people seem to think that……(很多人似乎认为……) 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子(全世界都知道...) 二、表达不同观点 1:People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……(人们对……的观点因人而异,有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……)2:People may have different opinions on……(人们对……可能会持有不同见解) 3:Attitudes towards (drugs)vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards(failure)(人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异) 4:There are different opinions among people as to……(对于……人们的观点大不相同) 三、表示结尾 1:In short, it can be said that……(总之,他的意思是……) 2:From what has been mentioned above, w e can come to the conclusion that……(从上面提到的,我们可以得出结论……) 3:Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……(把所有的这些因素加以考虑,我们自然可以得出结论……) 4:Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……(因此,我们最好的出这样的结论……) 5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.(毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点) 6:All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.(总之,我们没有……无法生活,但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题) 四、提出建议 1:It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).(该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了)2:There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……(毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够重视) 3:Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……(显然,如果我们想要做么事,很重要的是……) 4:Only in this way can we ……(只有这样,我们才能……) 5:Spare no effort to+V(不遗余力的) 五、预示后果

初一英语语法及主要知识点归纳总结

初一英语语法及主要知 识点归纳总结 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】

初一英语知识点归纳总结 分类:英语学习 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from 一.短语: 1 .be from = come from 来自于---- 2. live in 居住在--- 3. on weekends 在周末 4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信;写信给某人 5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6.pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7.the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8.speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9.go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二.重点句式: 1 Where’s your pen pal from = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live 3 What language(s) does he speak 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三.本单元的国家,人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office 一. Asking ways: (问路) 1.Where is (the nearest) …… (最近的)……在哪里 2.Can you tell me the way to …… 你能告诉我去……的路吗 3.How can I get to …… 我怎样到达……呢 4.Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood 附近有……吗 5.Which is the way to …… 哪条是去……的路 二.Showing the ways: (指路) 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。(You’d better+动词原形)

初二英语语法总结大全

初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 (1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest (2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

英语基础语法(免费)

英语的基础语法 请大家共享 时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do为例): 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。 英语基础语法:一般现在时 一、构成 一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s外,一律用动词原形。 二、用法 ■一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。如: I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。 ■一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理。如: Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。

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