GRE 长难句讲义汇总
一、 倒装 1-介词结构倒装
a book about our planet
关于地球的一本书
information about the site and circumstances of their production
一些关于他们生产环境和地址的信息
explanation for the different treatment of black slaves in North
and South America
在北美和南美地区对黑奴的不同对待的解释
a study of popular culture 大众文化的研究
the concentration of some workers in one or two locations 在一两个地点的工人的集中
the failure of Impressionist painters to serve as particularly careful illustrator of their social environment
印象派画家未能成为他们社会环境的特别谨慎的插图画家
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controversy from its first appearance 它首次亮相的争议
the quotations of laws or decrees within the speeches
演讲中的法律或法令的引用
estimate the rate by measuring feeding rate of individual
zooplankton species in the laboratory
通过测实验室中量个体浮游物种的摄食率来估算它的速率
4- The old belief that climatic stability accounts for the high level of
species diversity in the Amazon River basin of South America
emerged, strangely enough, from observations of the deep sea.
奇怪的是，旧观点从深海观察中浮现出来，即说明气候稳定性解释了南美亚马逊河流域的物种多样性的高水平。
5- These analysts maintain that the company has consistently
underestimated both the probability and the likely effects of accidents in the sensitive and poorly understood environment in which the company is operating.
这些分析师认为，公司一直低估了公司敏感且知之甚少的运营环境中，事故的可能性和可能影响。
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6- An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface
into an Earth- intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth.
考虑到月球体积较小且距离地球较近，能够把火星表面碎片喷射
到一个与地球相交轨道的撞击的可能性要比在月球上发生这种事
更小。
7- Rather, the coincidence of increased United States government
antidiscrimination pressure in the mid-1960s with the acceleration
in the rate of black economic progress beginning in 1965 argues
against the continuity theorists’ view.
倒不如说，1960年代中期美国政府反歧视增加的压力与1965年开
始黑人经济进步速度的加快的巧合反驳了连续性理论家的观点。
8- But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal
structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to the convergent revolution—the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures.
但是，关于所有三组鳍的骨架骼结构详细相似性这一近期发现，
削弱了把表面相似处解释为趋同进化理论结果的企图，趋同进化理论指的是无关组织在相似环境压力之下的相似的独立发展。
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9- Those who played salient roles may become the objects of highly
embellished verbal accounts or in rare cases, of celebratory articles in contemporary periodicals.
那些扮演重要角色的人可能会成为高度润色口头报告中，或极少
数情况下，当代期刊庆祝文章中的对象。
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2-分词结构倒装
10- The study of interstellar grains has been hampered by the
inaccessibility of naturally occurring specimens for use in laboratory
experiments.
对于用于实验室的自然发生标本的难以获得已经妨碍了对星际粒的研究。
11- Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth
century who considered women in the West, when they considered
women at all, fell under Turner’s spell.
大多数在20世纪早期到中页写西部女性的小说家和历史学家，当
他们考虑女性的时候，就会受到Turner的影响。
12- But recent studies of memory performance after sleep —
including one demonstrating that sleep stabilizes declarative
memories from future interference caused by mental activity during wakefulness — make this claim unsustainable.
但是最近关于睡后记忆表现的一些研究之一证实，睡眠可以稳定陈述性记忆，使其免受清醒时大脑活动引起的未来干扰，此项研究使得这个说法站不
住脚。
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13- Historians attempting to explain how scientific work was done in
the laboratory of the seventeenth-century chemist and natural philosopher Robert Boyle must address a fundamental discrepancy between how such experimentation was actually performed and
the seventeenth-century rhetoric describing it.
那些尝试解释科学实验是如何在17世纪化学家和自然哲学家
Robert Boyle的实验室中开展的历史学家，必须处理这样一个根
本的差异，即实验的实际过程和17世纪描述它的话语之间的差
异。
14- Since large bees are not affected by the spraying of Matacil, these
results add weight to the argument that spraying where the
pollinators are sensitive to the pesticide used decreases plant
fecundity.
因为大型蜜蜂不受M喷洒的影响，所以这些结果使得这个观点更
加有力，即在那些传粉昆虫对被使用的杀虫剂敏感的地方喷洒，会降低植物的繁殖力。
15- Additionally, the temperature changes induced by a shutdown in
the North Atlantic heat conveyor system are too small to explain the Younger Dryas.
此外，由于北大西洋热传输系统停止引起的温度变化太小，无法解释新仙女木。
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16- Yet surprisingly, tiny frozen particles, referred to as interstellar
grains, do develop in these spaces.
然而令人惊讶的是，被称为星际晶体的小冷冻粒子的确在这些空间中发展
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3- 宾语倒装
17- Meggers accepted that fish and turtle resources of the Amazon
made possible the long riverside villages the explorer Orellana
described in 1542, but she dismissed as exaggerated Carvajal’s
estimates of tens of thousands of people in those settlements, and she was sure those settlements did not have inland counterparts.
梅格斯认为，亚马逊河的鱼类和海龟资源使得探险家奥雷亚拉纳在1542年
描述的漫长河岸村庄成为可能，但她认为C对那些聚居点有成千上万人居住
的估计太夸张而对此不予理会，而且她确定那些聚居点在内陆地区没有对应的存在。
18- The mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order
hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they
presumed to have been the purview of women.
工厂主因此把陈腔滥调引入到新工业秩序中，这个陈腔滥调与工厂主认为是女性范围的家政活动有关。
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4-定语从句
19- Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits—
the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from
predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in
strikingly original ways.
倒不如说，他是一位无与伦比的战略家，他以极其原创的方式利用极限 – 即他从海顿和莫扎特，亨德尔和巴赫等前辈继承的规
则，形式和传统。
20- Sleep would prevent an animal from moving or responding to
nonthreatening stimuli in ways that might attract the attention of
predators.
睡眠可以防止动物移动或以可能引起掠食者注意的方式对非威胁
刺激作出反应。
21- The space between the stars is filled with matter that interstellar
conditions should prevent from coalescing into solid particle. 恒星之间的空间充满了星际条件应该防止聚结成固体颗粒的物质。
22- In natural harmony with this choice of subject matter are the social
sensibilities of the artist, who remains active today with the Cinque Gallery in Manhattan, which he helped found and which is devoted to showing the work of minority artists.
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艺术家的社会敏感性与主题选择非常和谐，这些艺术家今天仍然活跃于曼哈顿的Cinque画廊，即他帮助创立并致力于展示少数艺术家的作品的画廊Cinque。
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5-同位语从句
23- In the early twentieth century, the idea that pianists should be
musician-scholars whose playing reflected the way composers
wanted their music to sound replaced the notion that pianists should be virtuosos whose performances thrilled audiences with
emotional daring and showy displays of technique.
在二十世纪初期，钢琴家应该是音乐家兼学者，他们的演奏反映
了作曲家希望他们的音乐表现的方式，这样的观点取代了钢琴家
应该成为用大胆情绪和炫技手法的演奏激发观众的演奏家的观
点。
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6-主语倒装
24- What made matters worse was that its proliferation coincided with
sweeping changes in agriculture and a massive shift from sheep
farming to dairying.
更糟糕的是，它的扩散与农业的大规模变化以及从羊养殖到乳业
的巨大转变正好一致。
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二、省略
1. 平行结构省略
25- Portrayals of the folk of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina,
whom he remembers from early childhood, of the jazz musicians
and tenement roofs of his Harlem days, of Pittsburgh steelworkers,
and his reconstruction of classical Greek myths in the guise of the
ancient Black kingdom of Benin, attest to this.
对于他从童年时代就已经记得的北卡罗来纳州的梅克伦堡县的描述，对他的哈莱姆时代的爵士音乐家和住宅屋顶的描述，对于匹
兹堡钢铁工人的描述以及他以古代布莱克贝宁王国的名义重建古
典希腊神话，都证明了这一点
26- It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of
independence, but of rejecting its implications.
这不是关于独立性理论分歧的一件事，而是关于反对它含义的一件事。
27- Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control
the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.
哈代的弱点一方面来自于他控制不同冲动的来来回回的无能，另一方面也来自于他对于培养和维持剧烈并且冒险冲动的不情愿。
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28- Six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not
differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. 刚进入幼儿园的六岁儿童无法区分可预见的因此可预防的伤害,和
不可预见，犯错者无法指责的伤害
29- Granted that war cost much less than it does today, that the
Church rendered all sorts of educational and recreational services
that were unobtainable elsewhere, and that government was far
less demanding than is the modern state—nevertheless, for
medieval men and women, supporting commercial development
required considerable economic sacrifice.
即使战争过去的花费比现在的花费少，尽管教会提供了其他地
方无法获得的各种教育和娱乐服务，尽管政府过去没有现在这
么苛刻- 但是，对于中世纪的男人和女人来说，支持商业发展
仍需要相当可观的经济牺牲。
30- He presents us not only with characters that we condemn
intellectually or ethically and at the same time impulsively approve of, but also with judgments we must accept as logically sound and yet find emotionally repulsive.
他向我们展示的不仅仅是我们在思想上或道德上谴责的角色，同时也是会冲动地赞同的角色，她还向我们展示了必须接受为逻辑
上合理，却在情感上令人厌恶的判断。
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31- They posit that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a
necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women’s procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women.
他们认为，性别之间的生物差异导致在家庭和整个社会进行必要
的性别体力分工，并且指出妇女的生殖劳动目前被社会低估，这
对妇女不利。
32- The term deconstruction implies that the text has been put
together like a building or a piece of machinery, and that it is in
need of being taken apart, not so much in order to repair it as to
demonstrate underlying inadequacies, false assumptions, and
inherent contradictions.
解构这个术语意味着文本像建筑物或机器一样被放在一起，并且
它需要被分开，与其说是为了修复它，倒不如说是为了表现出潜
在的不足，错误的假设和内在的矛盾。
33- Instead, they determined to improve tribal life by lobbying for
federal monies for postsecondary education, for the improvement of drainage on tribal lands, and for the building of a convalescent home for tribal members.
相反，他们通过游说来获得进行高等教育的联邦资金，部落土地
排水系统的改善，以及部落成员疗养院的建造，从而改善部落生活。
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34- More than a century of government under written constitutions
convinced these colonists of the necessity for and efficacy of protecting their liberties against governmental encroachment by explicitly defining all governmental powers in a document.
根据成文宪法，一个多世纪的政府通过明确界定文件中的所有政
府权力，说服了这些殖民者保护其自由免受政府侵犯的必要性和
有效性。
35- Shakespeare’s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of
indecisive princes or the uses of political power; nor is Picasso’s
painting Guernica primarily a propositional statement about the
Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism.
莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》并不是关于优柔寡断王子行为或政治权
力使用的作品; 毕加索的绘画《格尔尼卡》也不是关于西班牙内
战或法西斯主义邪恶的主张。
36- Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend
or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.
由富有创造力的艺术家创作的审美细节以一种创新的方式扩展或利用现有形式的局限性，而不是超越这种形式。
37- This position regards Renaissance prints as passive representations
of their time—documents that reliably record contemporary events, opinions, and beliefs—and therefore as an important means of accessing the popular contemporary consciousness.
这一立场将文艺复兴时期的版画视为他们时代的被动表现形式，即可以可靠地记录当代事件，观点和信仰的文件，因此也视为获得当代流行意识的重要手段。
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38- From 1910 to 1913, woman suffragists in the United States
organized annual parades—an activity traditionally conducted by men to proclaim solidarity in some cause—not only as a public expression of suffragist solidarity but also a conscious transgression
of the rules of social order: women’s very presence in the streets challenged traditional notions of femininity and restrictions on
women’s conduct.
从1910年到1913年，美国的妇女政权论者组织了年度游行活动-
此活动传统上由男性组织，以宣传某些事业的团结- 这不仅是妇
女政权论者团结的公开表达，而且对社会秩序规则也是有意识的
违反：妇女街头的存在挑战传统上对女性和女性行为限制的观
念。
39- Lumsden characterizes the American suffrage parade as a
“double-edged sword,” arguing that women’s efforts to
proclaim their solidarity left them open to patronizing commentary from press and public and to organized opposition from antisuffragists.
拉姆斯登将美国选举权游行定性为“双刃剑”，认为妇女宣布团结的努力使他们对新闻界和公众的施惠评论开放，也对于反妇女政权论者有组织的反对持开放态度。
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40- Most of these titles have subsequently been attributed, either
through the author’s own acknowledgment of a previously anonymous or pseudonymous work, or through bibliographical
research.
大多数这些标题后来都被归因于作者自己对先前匿名或假名作品的承认，或者通过书目研究。
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2. 逻辑主语省略（无头句）
41- While perhaps true of those officers who joined Black units for
promotion or other self-serving motives, this statement
misrepresents the attitudes of the many abolitionists who became
officers in Black regiments.
对于那些加入黑人部队进行晋升或其他利己主义动机的军官来
说，这种说法可能是真实的，但这种说法却歪曲了许多成为黑人
军官的废奴主义者的态度。
42- By declaring the resolution is not intended to alter the
constitutional authority of either Congress or the President, the
resolution asserts that congressional involvement in decisions to use armed force is in accord with the intent and spirit of the Constitution.
通过宣布决议不是有意改变国会或总统的宪法权威，该决议声
称，国会参与使用武力的决定符合宪法的意图和精神。
43- Critiquing the movement’s assumption that lawyers can offer
special insights into literature that deals with legal matters, Posner points out that writers of literature use the law loosely to convey a particular idea.
波斯纳批评运动的假设，即关于律师可以为处理法律事务的文献提供特殊见解提，他指出文献作家用法律松散地传达了一个特定的想法。
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44- Observing that species found on high ground are different from
those on low ground and knowing that in the Amazon lowlands are drier than uplands, he proposed that during the ice ages the
Amazon lowlands became a near-desert arid plain.
他观察到高地上发现的物种与低地上的物种不同，并且知道在亚马逊低地比高地干燥，他提出在冰河时代亚马逊低地成为了近荒漠的干旱平原的设想。
45- Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as
revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted 非凡的创造性活动被认为是革命性的，面对已有的事物，它创造不合意而会被接受的东西。
46- Among academics involved in the study of Northern Renaissance
prints (reproducible graphic artworks), an orthodox position can be said to have emerged.
在研究北方文艺复兴版画（可重现的图形艺术品）的学者中，可以说正统的立场已经出现.
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