英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句

英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句

1.Simile 明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.

标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.

例如:

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.

例如:

1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.

I.以容器代替内容,例如:

1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.

II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:

Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

III.以作者代替作品,例如:

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.

4.Synecdoche 提喻

提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.

例如:

1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)

他的厂里约有100名工人.

2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)

他是本世纪的牛顿.

3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.

5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉

这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

例如:

1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）

鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.

2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）

品尝Mozart的音乐.

6.Personification 拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.

例如:

1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）

2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）

7.Hyperbole 夸张

夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..

例如:

1>.I beg a thousand pardons.

2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

8.Parallelism 排比, 平行

这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.

例如:

1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.

9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.

例如:

1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.

2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.

3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世）

10.Allegory 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）

建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。

英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书

这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.

例如:

1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.

表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草

真正意味：趁热打铁

2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.

表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑

11.Irony 反语

反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.

例如:

1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）

2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

12.Pun 双关

双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.

例如:

1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.

13.Parody 仿拟

这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.

例如:

1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.

2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.

3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.

14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问（反问）

它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.

例如:

1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?

2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶

这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.

例如:

1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.

2>.You are staying; I am going.

3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.

16.Paradox 隽语

这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..

例如:

1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达

2>.The child is the father to the man.（童年时代可决定人之未来）三岁看大，四岁看老。

17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻

这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.

例如:

1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见

2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.

18.Climax 渐进法,层进法

这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.

例如:

1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.

2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.

19.Anticlimax 渐降法

与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.

例如:

1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.

2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.

英语专业高级英语修辞格总结（11月12号）

一、明喻（simile）

明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though 等，例如： This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.

He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me lik e a spirit.

It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.

二、隐喻（metaphor）

隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 2、

The diamond department was the heart and center of the store

三、拟人（personification）拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。

She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”)这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。

My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again. 我唯一担心的是，到了一月份我又得去找工作。

四、夸张（hyperbole）

夸张（hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。

My blood froze.

When I told our father about this, his heart burst.

My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter?s voice on the phone. 4. So thick with the dust of centuries that the mud brick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible.

五、头韵法（alliteration）

How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, an d sadness This changed conviction into certainty.

六：euphemism

to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代

替 to die e.g Are less attractive men better mates?

七：Antithesis

The juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas(often, although not always, in parallel structure.) 对偶：一种将强烈对立的想法并列于稳定、对等的短语或语法结构中的修辞方法，如在：“Hee for God only, shee for God in him”(John Milton) “他只为上帝，她则为他心中的上帝”(约翰·米尔顿)

n .between what people claim to be and what they really are...

n ...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...

n ...a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreve n Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe. §The christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionis t believes that he must have come from below.

七：提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。

如： The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and bloo d of millions of men. (“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great s acrifice”（巨大的牺牲）

“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。

Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the U.S. team. 很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。

八：转喻，借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol，用the bar 来代替

the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。

Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them... 几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。“word”在这里代替了“news, information”（消息、信息）

The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift adrift amid beige concrete skys crapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the minis kirt.

（Synecdoche involves substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part , whereas metonymy involves substitution of the name of one thing for that of another closely associated with it.）

九．叠言（反复）（rhetorical repetition）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。

1、

It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, wh o believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny. 它必须用我们这些对于未来，对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。

十．paradox 似非而是的论点, 自相矛盾的话

§A paradox is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-

contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, §but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-

founded, and even to contain a succinct point.

e.g. …More haste, less speed? is a paradox. “ 欲速则不达”是似非而是的隽

语。 §Caesar: Cowards die many times before their deaths;

§The valiant never taste of death but once… §恺撒：懦夫在未死之前，就已经死过好多次；勇士一生只死一次。……

十一．Oxymoron矛盾修

辞 An oxymoron is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining of two contrasti ng, contradictory or incongruous term. § §a victorious defeat §sweet bitterness §§cruel kindness §§ falsely true §a blessing in disguise bitter-sweet memories §orderly chaos §a living death tearful joy poor rich guys

十二：transferred epithet（转移修饰）

§A transferred epithet is, as its name implies, a figure of speech where an epithet (an a dj or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to anoth er to which it does not really belong.

§Generally, the epithet is transferred from a person to a thing or idea.

§Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.

§He crashed down on a protesting chair. §他一屁股坐了下来，椅子吱吱嘎嘎地响着，仿佛是在提抗议似的。 §。 §sleepless night

§cheerful sight § three weary miles

§a reassuring arm § walk around the baking court

§the passionate throat §sweet voice §icy look § sharp cry

§sour remark §oiled-tongued

十三、反讽（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。

A literary style employing such contrasts for humorous or rhetorical effect. 反语一种文学风格，使用这类对比以达到幽默或修辞的效

果 Incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs:

Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes. 啊，当然，我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客：像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢？名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已。

This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness ha s brought me. Because thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character. 十四. Rhetorical Question 用疑问语气表达与字面相反的意思他用反问语气答道:为什么不?

But can you doubt what our policy will be? 2.Was I not at the scene of the crime?

十五. Parallelism 排比 parallelism指的是两个短语或两句话具有相同的结构，相当于汉语的“排比”词典里的解释是

Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, and feet in shuffle.

十六. Anti-climax 渐降（突降）

Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its--- oysters.

十七. Onomatopoeia 拟声：using words that imitate the sound they denote

As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ea r.

十八. Assonance 三、半韵, 半谐音(元音相同而辅音不同的韵, 如late与make; sonnet 和 porridge)。还指辅音相同而元音不同，如killed, cold 和 culle明喻（simile）明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词

like, as, as if, as though等

例如： This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.

He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me lik e a spirit.

It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.