英国文学 教学大纲
英国文学课教学大纲
一、课程性质和学习目的
《英国文学课》开设是为培养和检验学生英国文学基本理论知识的掌握和理解、鉴赏英国文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。
设置本课程旨在使学生对英国文学的形成与发展全貌有一个大概的了解；并通过阅读具有代表性的英国文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色，主题思想，人物形象分析，文学叙事手法以及作品的写作风格，并结合当代西方文学批评理论，使学生努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法。本课程以主要以文学发展的历史和分析作品为重点，因此学生不仅要掌握各个时期文学发展的脉络，文学流派，以及重点作家的作品分析，并通过阅读，努力提高语言水平，增强对英美文学原著的理解，特别是对作品中表现的社会生活和人物情感的理解，提高他们阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。
二、课程内容和学习要求
第一章中世纪文学（449——1485）
第一节：古英语历史背景介绍（449--1066）
1.1 早期的英格兰
1.2 古英语文学介绍
1.3 贝尔武莆
第二节：中古英语时期（1066--1485）
2.1 诺曼征服与影响
2.2 社会背景与文化
第三节：3.1 中古时期的文学
第四节：4.1 骑士传奇介绍
4.2 葛文与绿衣骑士
第五节：威廉·朗兰
5.1威廉。朗兰生平及诗歌介绍
第六节：6.1 民谣概述
6.2 罗宾汉民谣
6.3斯派克斯·斯宾塞爵士
第七节：7.1 乔叟和他的《坎特伯雷故事集》
7.2 《坎特伯雷故事集》的意义及乔叟对英国文学的贡献
第八节：8.1中世纪戏剧
第二章文艺复兴
通过本章的学习，了解文艺复兴运动和人文主义思潮产生的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征和基本主张，及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
第一节：文艺复兴运动概述
1．1 英国文艺复兴简介及人文主义思潮
1．2 英国文艺复兴的发展阶段
第二节：英国文艺复兴的早期阶段
2．1 大学才子和托马斯.莫尔
2．2 英国十四行诗的创立于怀阿特和萨利伯爵
第三节：伊丽莎白时期的文学
3．1 伊丽莎白时期的诗人约翰·李雷
3．2 非利浦·希德尼爵士
3．3 爱德蒙.宾塞及其《仙后》
第四节：伊丽莎白时期的戏剧
4．1 两种对伊丽莎白时期戏剧的影响大学才子和克里斯托夫·马洛
4．2 莎士比亚生平及其文学生涯
4．3哈姆莱特选读与18首,29首和第106首十四行诗
第五节：伊丽莎白时期的散文
5．1弗兰西斯·培根生平
5．2 弗兰西斯·培根的作品《论学习》
5．3 圣经的翻译
第三章 17世纪英国文学
通过本章的学习，了解当时英国发生的清教运动，以及这个时期的文学的特征，流派，重要作家弥尔顿，班扬等红岩作家的思想以及他们的创作生涯、创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的结构、主题、人物刻画、语言风格、社会意义等。E·约翰·邓恩
第一节：十七世纪历史背景及文学
1．1 清教革命及玄学派诗人，保皇党派诗人介绍
1．2 邓恩生平文学创作
1．3 邓恩的诗歌选读《告别辞：不要悲伤》
第二节：约翰·弥尔顿
2．1弥尔顿的生平及文学创作
2．2 史诗《失乐园》选读
第三节：约翰。班扬
3．1 约翰·班扬的生平及文学创作
3．2约翰·班扬的《天路历程选读》
第四章新古典主义时期
通过本章的学习，了解当时席卷欧洲的启蒙运动和新古典主义文学流派产生的历史背景、主要特征和基本主张，及其对同时代及后世英国文学的影响；了解该时期一些重要作家的创作生涯、创作思想和艺术特色及其代表作品的结构、主题、人物刻画、语言风格、社会意义等。提高学生的欣赏能力和理解能力。
第一节：启蒙运动
1．1 启蒙运动及其思想观
1．2 新古典主义及其对散文、诗歌、戏剧创作的标准
1．3 新古典主义时期的诗歌
1．4 亚历山大·蒲伯和他的诗歌
第二节：英国现实主义小说的诞生（中叶）
2．1 丹尼尔·笛福的生平：个人事业和社会活动
2．2 笛福的主要作品《鲁滨逊漂流记》
第三节：乔纳森·斯威夫特的政治及创作生涯
3．1 斯威夫特讽刺散文《醉温和的建议》
3．2《格列佛游记》介绍及选读
第四节：亨利·菲尔丁的生平、戏剧、小说创作活动及其对英国小说的贡献
4．1《约瑟夫·安德鲁》介绍
4．2《汤姆·琼斯》选读
第五节：塞缪尔·约翰逊文学创作生涯及主要作品
5．1 约翰逊的新古典主义的文学观及语言风格及对英国语言的贡献：
《英语大词典》
5．2 “致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信”选读
第六节：17世纪戏剧：理查德·比·谢立丹
6．1谢立丹的戏剧创作生涯及戏剧主题
6．2谢立丹的主要作品介绍
第七节：托马斯·格雷
7．1 格雷的生平及其作品中的感伤主义倾向
7．2《墓畔哀歌》选读及其主题和语言特色
第五章浪漫主义时期
通过本章的学习，了解浪漫主义文学产生的历史、文化背景，并对该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张、及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色、人物刻画、语言风格、主要思想等；以其培养和提高学生理解和欣赏文学作品的能力
第一节：浪漫主义时期概述
1．1 英国浪漫主义文学概述英国浪漫主义文学的特征
1．2 英国浪漫主义文学
第二节：威廉·布莱克
2．1威廉·布莱克的生平、政治宗教观点、诗歌创作主张
2．1 布莱克的诗歌介绍及《伦敦》、《老虎》等选读
第三节：威廉·华兹华斯
3．1．华兹华斯的生平、创作生涯及诗歌创作主张
3．2 抒情诗选读
3．3．华兹华斯诗歌的主要特点、语言风格艺术特设及思想意义
第四节：塞·特·科勒律治
4．1 科勒律治的生平、创作生涯、文学创作主张
4．2 科勒律治的哲学思想和文学批评观
4．3 科勒律治的《忽必烈汗》
4．4 科勒律治诗歌的主要特点、主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色及思想意义第五节：乔治·戈登·拜伦
5．1. 拜伦的生平及革命生涯及诗歌介绍
5．2 《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》选读
5．3《唐璜》选读及“拜伦式英雄
5．4 拜伦所选诗歌主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等
第六节：珀西·比希·雪莱
6．1 雪莱的生平及诗歌创作
6．2 雪莱诗歌《西风颂》及其主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等。
第七节：约翰·济慈
7．1 济慈的生平、创作生涯及美学思想
7．2《夜莺颂》选读
7．3《希腊古瓮颂》选读
7．4《秋颂》选读
7．5 济慈诗歌的主要特点语言风格及艺术特色。
第八节：简·奥斯汀
8．1．奥斯汀的生平及小说创作思想
8．2 奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》
8．3《傲慢与偏见》的故事梗概、主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格及作品的意义第九节：罗伯特·司各特
9．1 罗伯特·司各特的生平及小说的创作
9．2 《罗伯罗伊》选读
第六章维多利亚时期批判现实主义文学
通过本章的学习，对19世纪维多利亚时代的英国的政治、经济、历史、文化背景，对维多利亚时代的诗歌、散文、小说在创作思想上的进步和创作技巧上的改革，以及对该时代主要作家的生平、观点、创作思想、艺术特点及其代表作的主题、结构、语言、人物刻画等都有一个全面的了解。并通过作品选读加深体会和理解，增强对作品的理解和鉴赏能力
第一节：维多利亚时代的历史背景
1．1 早期的经济发展与社会动乱
1．2 中期的繁荣昌盛和社会稳定
1．3 晚期的势力衰退和社会道德观念的改变
1．4 科学发现对传统的社会和宗教观念的影响
1．5 功利主义思潮的泛滥
第二节：维多利亚时期的文学
2．1 批判现实主义小说及其该时代小说家的共性
（1）对18世纪现实主义的继承
（2）对社会现实的不满
（3）对劳动人民的同情
2．2 散文
2．3 诗歌：诗歌形式、技术方面的实验和创新
第三节：查尔斯·狄更斯
3．1 狄更斯的生平、及创作生涯、作品中的批判现实主义思想与社会改良主义倾向 3．2 狄更斯前期作品的思想与艺术特征
3．3 狄更斯后期作品的思想与艺术特征
3．4 狄更斯小说《大伟。科波菲尔》选
3．５《双城记》及其艺术特色与主题思想。
第四节：威廉姆·麦克白·萨克雷
4．1 萨克雷生平、作品创作思想与艺术特征
4．2 《名利场》选读
第五节：勃朗特姐妹
5．1布朗蒂姐妹的生平、创作思想和主题
5．2 《简爱》选读
（1）故事梗概
（2）作品的批判现实主义思想
（3）作品的社会意义
（4）作品女主人公的形象
（5）在逆境中求自我道德完善的主题
5．3 《呼笑山庄》选读
（1）故事梗概
（2）小说的主题
（3）故事的叙述手法
（4）强烈情感的描述
第六节：阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生
6．1 丁尼生的生平、诗歌创作生涯及主要作品及其主题
6．2 丁尼生的“拍吧，拍吧，拍吧”和“过沙洲”
6．3 “尤利西斯”
第七节：罗伯特·布朗宁
7．1 布朗宁的生平、诗歌创作生涯及主要艺术特点
（1）戏剧独白
（2）艰涩的语言
（3）复杂的结构
（4）丰富的隐喻
7．2“我逝去的公爵夫人”选读
7．3“黑夜相会”和“晨别”
第八节：乔治·艾略特
8．1．艾略特的生平、创作生涯及心理分析小说
8．2 艾略特小说的主题：个人与社会的关系及其女性文学观
8．3 《米德尔马契》选读
第九节：托马斯·哈代
9．１．哈代的生平与创作倾向：传统观念与现代思想的并存
9．2 哈代作品中的“宿命观”及其批判现实主义思想
9．3 《德伯家的苔丝》选读及艺术特色
第七章现代时期
通过本章的学习，了解20世纪批判现实主义文学和现代主义文学产生的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张、及其对现当代英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学创作思想、艺术特色、及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。进一步培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力
第一节：现代时期概述
1．1．20世纪英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景
1．2 两次世界大战对英国的影响
1．3 英国20世纪批判现实主义文学
1．4．现代主义文学的兴起与衰落
1．5 现代主义文学创作的基本主张
1．6 英国现代主义文学
（1）诗歌
（2）小说
（3）戏剧
第二节：英国现代主义文学的特点
2．1 现代时期的主要作家介绍
2．2 萧伯纳的生平与文学生涯
2．3 萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张
2．4 萧伯纳的戏剧创作主张、特点与社会意义
2．5 《华伦夫人的职业》选读
第三节：约翰.高尔斯华绥
3．1 高尔斯华绥的生平、文学生涯及创作思想
3．2 高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说的主要特点及社会意义
3．3 选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、叙述手法等第四节：威廉·勃特勒·叶芝
4．1 叶芝的生平、文学生涯及诗歌创作思想
4．2《茵尼斯弗利岛》和《1916年的复活节》
4．3《驶向拜占庭》、《丽达及天鹅》、《在学童们中间》
4．4 叶芝诗歌的特点艺术特色及思想意义
4．5 叶芝的戏剧创作
第五节：T. S. 艾略特
5．1 艾略特的生平、创作生涯及其文学理论与文艺批评观点
5．2《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》
5．3 《荒原》及主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义 5．4 艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义
5．5 艾略特的戏剧
第六节：戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯
6．1 劳伦斯的生平、文学生涯及创作思想
6．2 《儿子与情人》
6．3 劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义
6．4 劳伦斯的诗歌与戏剧
6．5 劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响
第七节：詹姆斯·乔伊斯
7．1 乔伊斯的生平、创作生涯及其美学思想
7．2 《阿拉比》
7．3 《青年艺术家的肖像》
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英国文学名词解释
Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus, an allegory is a story with two meaning, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. Bildungsroman: a novel that traces the initiation, development, and education of a young person. Examples are Dickens’s David Copperfield and James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Byronic hero is a character-type found in Byron’s narrative Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. He is a boldly defiant but bitterly self-tormenting outcast, proudly contemptuous of social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin. Emily Bronte’s Heath cliff is a later example. Conceit: a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such as John Donne.. Comedy of manners is a kind of comedy representing the complex and sophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count for more than true moral character. Its humor relies chiefly on elegant verbal wit and repartee. In England, the comedy of manners flourished as the dominant form of Restoration comedy in the works of Etheredge, Wycherley and Congreve. It was revived in a more subdued form in the 1770s by Goldsmith and Sheridan, and later by Oscar Wilde. An epic is a long narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating and celebrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation. Epiphany(顿悟）: a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident Heroic couplet is the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. Intrusive narrator: an omniscient narrator who, in addition to reporting the events of a novel’s story, offers further comments on characters and events, and who sometimes reflects more generally upon the significance of the story. Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry. Metaphysical poetry: the poetry of John Donne and other 17th-century poets who wrote in a similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas . Metaphysical Poetry Metaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets try to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. They are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne is the lead ing figure of the “metaphysical school.” Naturalism: a post--Darwinian movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the laws of scientific determinism to fiction. The naturalists went beyond the realists’ insistence on the objective presentation of the details of everyday life to insist that the materials of literature
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),
英国文学名词解释
课件上找的 1)classicism 2)realism 3)sentimentalism 1.Epic: 史诗 A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral form and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. 2.Alliteration: 头韵 A rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）. 3.Kenning:比喻的复合辞(=metaphor) A figurative, usually compound expression used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry; for example, storm of swords is a kenning for battle. 4.Understatement: expressing something in a controlled way. 5.Romance:传奇 A long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. 6.Renaissance文艺复兴（欧洲14至16世纪） Renaissance in European history, refers to the period between 14th century to 17th century. “Renaissance” means “revival”, the revival of interest in and getting rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introducing new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. The Renaissance, which means “rebirth” or “revival”, is actually an intellectual
英国文学期末考试复习要点
英国文学期末考试复习要点 1.英国最早的居民：凯尔特人Celts 2.英语语言起源于盎格鲁萨克斯ANGLO-SAXON部落融合统一之后，发展于诺曼征服Norman Conquest之后。 3.古代文学两个分支（异教徒文学Pagan和基督文学Christian）；BEOWULF文学地位（英国的民族史诗national epic of England），人物角色(Beowulf,Grendel, Grendel's mother, Fire Dragon,Wiglef)，修辞手法（头韵法alliteration，暗喻metaphor，低调陈述understatement） 4.诺曼征服人物William the Conqueror，骑士Romance文学年代（中世纪14th-16TH）, 《高文和绿衣骑士的故事》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（亚瑟王传说最佳作品）P.21选段，反映的是英国的故事matters of Britain。骑士的优良传统美德（忠诚loyalty） 5.威廉朗莱德William Langland作品《耕者皮尔斯》Piers the Plowman（十四世纪以梦境dream vision呈现的作品）
6.乔叟Chaucer地位（诗歌之父Father of English Poetry），主要作品The Canteberry Tales，文学贡献（英雄双行体Heroic Couplet，净化purified LONDON 音dialect），葬于西敏寺大教堂Westminster Abbey，为此建立诗人角Poet's Corner；《坎特伯雷故事集》主要人物（32 朝圣者pilgrims），选作P45(时间April，地点Tabard Inn，人物，巴斯妇人的故事Wife of Bath)，抑扬五步格iambic pentameter （轻音unstressed syllable+重音stressed syllable） 7.实行政教分离者（亨利八世Henry VIII）Religious Reformation:The King broke off with the Pope. 8.托马斯摩尔Thomas More的《乌托邦》Utopia，宣扬财产property与困境poverty 分离和建立理想国度ideal state。 9.托马斯怀亚特Thomas Wyatt把十四行诗sonnet引入英国，分离为莎士比亚体Shakespearian Sonnet和斯宾塞体Spencerian Sonnet，十四行诗源于意大利
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
一．中古英语时期 ?Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. ?The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. ?Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. ?Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance ?Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. ?It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. ?Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ?This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England ? ?“Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. ?Thomas More ——Utopia ?Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 ? 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? ? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene ? C. Beowulf D. Hamlet ? 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. ? A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare ? C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer ? 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. ? A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer ? C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare ?“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare ?William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】