(完整版)中考英语八大时态讲解归纳(最新整理)

(完整版)中考英语八大时态讲解归纳(最新整理)
(完整版)中考英语八大时态讲解归纳(最新整理)

1.一般现在时

a.表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有:often, usually, always, every day 等。

I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日,我每天上学。

There are fifty students in our class. 我们班上有五十个学生。

◆b.表示一种客观事实或普遍真理

The earth is round. 地球是圆的.

The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。

◆c.在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。

If you don't go soon, you'll be late. 如果你不快去的话,你就要迟到了。

I will wait for you until you come back. 我将一直等到你回来。

动词三单形式的变化规则:

1. 大多数动词直接+s

2. 以s,sh,ch,x,o 结尾的动词+es

3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词变y 为i+es

2. 一般过去式

动词过去式的构成:

(1) 规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:

①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked。

②以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,去e 再加-ed。如:live-lived。

③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop-stopped。

④末尾是辅音字母+y 结尾的动词,先变y 为i,然后再加-ed。如:study-studied。

(2) 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, take-took, have (has)-had 等。

a. 表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last

week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in the old days, when I was at middle school 等。

He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。

She wasn't at home last night. 她昨晚上在家。

Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗?

b. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

I got up very early at that time. 我那时总是起得很早。

Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. 玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚,从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。

3. 一般将来时

a.表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。

常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days 等。

I'll go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。

He won't go there tomorrow morning. 他明天上午不到那儿去。

Will you do it again? 你再做一遍好吗?

b.没有时间状语,根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。

I don't know who will do it. 我不知道谁将做这件事。

Don't worry, he will be there on time. 别着急,他会准时在那儿。

c.表示将来经常发生的动作。

From now on I'll get up early every morning. 从今以后,我每天早晨早起。

注意:

1)be going to 这个结构表示:a.即将发生的动作;

b.主语打算或准备要做的事;

c.说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事。

be going to 结构中的be 随着句子中主语的人称而变化。

例如:We are going to learn English. 我们将学习英语。

How are you going to spend your holidays? 你们打算怎样度过假期?

Look at these black clouds. I think it's going to rain. 看这些黑云,我想天要下雨了。

2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。

He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空时会来看你的。

They will ring you up as soon as they get back. 他们一回来就打电话给你。

4. 现在进行时

表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,常与时间状语now, this week, these days 等连用。

肯定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词

否定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词

一般疑问句:be(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+相应be 动词+主语+现在分词+Sth?

变化规则

1. 直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)

2. 去掉不发音的e+ing (例:biting,leaving, making, coming, writing. )

注意:如果单词结尾的e 发音,则不能去掉,也直接加ing. 例如:see -seeing/agree - agreeing . 3.以ie 结尾变ie 为y+ing (例:die-dying lie-lying)

4. 对于重读闭音节词,双写末尾字母再加ing.例如:sitting, beginning, getting, putting, running, stopping cutting, controlling

a. 表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。

Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁?

He knows that we are helping him now. 他知道我们现在正在帮助他。

b. 在现阶段正在进行的动作,但不一定说话时动作正在进行。

The students are working on the farm there days. 这些天学生们正在农场劳动。

c.有些动词的进行时态还可用来表示将来时。这类动词有go, come, leave, arrive, move, die 等。

He is coming soon. 他不久就要来了.

Mary is arriving here at 4 o/clock this afternoon. 玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。

注意:

1)表示状态或感觉的动词,如:know, love, like, want, hear, see, think 等,一般没有进行时态,因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是,如果词义发生变化,能表示一个正在进行的动作,也可使用进行时态。

Stop, I am thinking. 停下来,我正在想问题呢。

2)无法延续动作的动词,如:jump, begin, start, stop 等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是,若想表示动作反复或即将发生,也可使用进行时态。

He is jumping up and down. 他一下一下地跳个不停。

5. 过去进行时

表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语如:then at that time, once, a moment ago 等连用,或者用另一动作表示过去的时间。

I was writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening. 我昨晚七点在家写信。

He was watching TV when I came home yesterday evening. 当我昨晚回家的时候他正在看电视

一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语(You/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它Yes,I

was./No,I wasn't.

Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?

特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它

6. 现在完成时:

基本结构:主语+have/has+ done

①肯定句:主语+have/has+ done+宾语.

②否定句:主语+have/has+ not+ done+宾语.

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+done+宾语.

肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.

否定回答:No,主语+haven't/hasn't .

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+done+其他)

用法:1.常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.

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初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他

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