英语中宾语语法问题精心总结《宾语》和《复合宾语》 《巧识复合宾语
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《宾语》和《复合宾语》，《巧识复合宾语与双宾语》，《宾语补足语》和《主语补足语》，《宾语从句》含练习
《宾语》
《复合宾语》
1.宾语是在及物动词或介词后,接受某一动作、方式、状态或性质等具有名词性质的字、短语或从句。
He speaks Japanese.
他讲日语。
专有名词Japanese作宾语。
I am good at swimming.
我擅长游泳。
动名词swimming作介词at的宾语。
I don't know the phone number.
我不知道电话号码。
名词短语the phone number作宾语。
She doesn't know me.
她不认识我。
代词me作宾语。
I want to know the answer.
我想知道答案。
不定式短语to know the answer作宾语。
Do you understand what I mean?
你明白我的意思吗?
名词从句what I mean作宾语。
2.在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是完全及物动词,后面必须接宾语。
He can't speak Chinese.
他不会讲中文。
speak当完全及物动词,后接宾语Chinese.
3.在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是不完全及物动词,后面除接宾语外,还要接宾语补语。
His mother named him Tommy.
他的母亲给他起名叫汤米。
named是不完全及物动词,后接宾语him句意表达不完整,还要接宾语补语Tommy。
4.在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是不完全及物动词,而后面接的宾语是短语或从句,后再接宾语补语时,必须将作宾语的短语或从句放在宾语补语之后,把it放在它的原来位置,这时it是形式宾语,短语或从句是真正宾语。
I think it is wrong to tell lies.
我认为撒谎是错误的。
it是形式宾语,不定式短语to tell lies是真正宾语,wrong是宾语补语。
Did you make it clear why she didn't come?
你弄清楚她没有来的原因了吗?
it是形式宾语,名词从句why she didn't come是真正宾语,clear是宾语补语。
5.在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是与格动词,后面要接两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,其中直接宾语是所给与或告知的事物,间接宾语是接受事物的人。直接宾语与间接宾语时常可以互换位置。
I bought him a birthday present.
我给他买了一件生日礼物。
bought是与格动词,后接间接宾语him,再接直接宾语a birthday present。
I wrote my friend a letter.
I wrote a letter to my friend.
我给我的朋友写了一封信。
The student asked me a question. (No change)
学生问了我一个问题。（无法变化）
6.在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不可接宾语,因为句意已表达完整。
The sun rises in the morning.
太阳在早上升起。
rises是完全不及物动词,后面不可接宾语,in the morning是副词短语,作修饰语。
We are students.
我们是学生。
are是连系动词,后面不可接宾语,students是主语补语。
复合宾语
在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语.
例如：
We call him Jack . 我们叫他杰克。
这里him 是宾语, Jack 是宾语补足语 They appointed him chairman. 他们任命他为主席. 这里的him是宾语, chairman 是宾语补足语.
《巧识复合宾语与双宾语》
同学们对下面两种句型常常混淆：
①及物动词+宾语+名词宾补（即复合宾语）
②及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（即双宾语）
我们讨论识别这两种结构的方法。请看下面的例子
① They made him captain of the ship.
② She told the children an interestingstory.
在句①中，him与captain之间在逻辑上有主语和表语的关系，即“Hewas captain.“句
中him为宾语，captain为宾语补足语，两者合称“复合宾语”。
在句②中，children与story之间的关系是及物动词与涉及到的人与物之间的关系。一般表示人的(children)为间接宾语，表示物的(story)为直接宾语，两者合称“双宾语”。可以看出，间接宾语与直接宾语在逻辑上没有主语与表语的关系，即不能说：“Thechildren were story”，但可以改写成：“She told an interesting story to thechildren”，即间接宾语可以加介词to（或for）后置，而“复合宾语”不能。
综上所述，识别“复合宾语”和“双宾语”的方法有二：
其一，看宾语与它后面的词在逻辑上的关系，能改写为主语和表语关系的，是“复合宾语”；若不能，只是及物动词所涉及到的人与事物之间的关系，并且表示人的宾语可以加介词后置的，则为双宾语。
其二，英语动词在使用中要符合句型表达习惯。能充当宾语补足语的成分很多，如不定式、分词、形容词、介词结构、名词等。从上面例子可以看出，其中只有名词作宾补时，才有可能引起与“双宾语”结构相混。而能带名词作宾补的动词并不多，中学课本常见的有：call,name, make, elect, think, consider, keep, leave,find等。同样，能带双宾语的及物动词在英语中也有一定的范围，如：ask, tell, find, teach, build,make, get, buy, pass, send, sing, spare, show, hand, write, return,read, lend,do等。如果分别记住这两组及物动词，再配合前面提到的第一种方法，识别“复合宾语”与“双宾语”就不会太难了。
《宾语补足语》
简介:在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。
比如说：
I heard Jean singing this morning.
句子中的Jean显然是宾语。但是主语I听到的并不是Jean，而是Jean singing。singing 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是Jean 执行了singing的动作。
句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。
比如：
I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补）
I saw the kite up and down. （up and down是副词做宾补）
Tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）
*常跟复合宾语的动词有：call,name,make,think,find,leave,keep,nominate(任命),choose,elect(选举),define(定义),regard, see, recognize,treat, take,consider,
look up, refer to, accept, acknowledge,describe,depict(描述),represent(表现出),declare(宣称),denounce, employ(雇佣), use, show, organize, express
【注意】
当感官动词和实意动词，如：
see hear notice watch hear feel observe(感官动词)
make have let(实意动词)
接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。
在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。
补充:简单句常见结构有:
"主+谓"结构: 句子由主语和谓语两部分构成,谓语动词是不及物动词.
"主+谓+宾"结构:谓语动词是及物动词,后面接有宾语.
"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构:有一些句子有了前3个成分后,还需要有一个宾语补足语对宾语做出补充说明,表明宾语的身份,特征等,使句意完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语.
如果宾语和宾补是逻辑上的动宾关系，则宾补须用过去分词形式。如：Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语：
1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词"结构，think, consider, find 后的to be常可省略。
We consider him (to be) a good teacher.
我们认为他是一个好老师。
He proved that theory (to be) very important.
他证明那个理论是很重要的。
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。
2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。
I'd prefer you to leave him alone.
我希望你不要打扰他。
I don't want there to be any trouble.
我不想有任何麻烦。
3. 注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
I hope you can give me a hand.
我希望你能帮我一把。
I wish you to give me a hand.
我希望你能帮我一把。
He required us to be present at the meeting.
他要求我们出席会议。
Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.
李先生建议她不要独自去那里。
《主语补足语》
主补即主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语。
eg.They caught boy stealing.
被动语态 The boy was caught stealing.
stealing 即为主语补足语
被动语态后的主语补足语
对于主语补足语，语法家们各有不同的看法。有的把连系动词后面的部分称作主语补足语；有的又把被动语态后的补足语称作表语，与被动语态一起称作复合谓语。笔者通过教学体会到，还是把被动语态后面的补足语称作主语补足语好些。这是因为学生很容易接受“宾语补足语”，而如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了。
一、被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是密切相关的。例如：
(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.
(2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday.
句（1）中的含义不是我看见他，而是我看见他正在打篮球。playing basketball是宾语him的补足语。所以叫宾语补足语。
句（2）中的含义也不是他被看，而是别人看见他正在打篮球。这里的playing basketball 是主语he的补足语，故称作主语补足语。主语和主语补足语一起称作复合主语。所以含有主语补足语的句子一般是被动语态，谓语动词是可以接复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的及物动词。句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语。
二、主语补足语形式种种
1. 动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语。例如：
① The dog is called Karl.
② Coal is sometimes called stored-up sunlight.
③ He was found the right man for the job.
2. 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语。例如：
① The door was painted white.
② The old man was found weak.
③ The classroom is always kept clean every day.
3. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语。例如：
① He is often heard reading English.
② The professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab.
③ The glass was found broken.
④ The classroom was found crowded with people.
4.感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make等后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语。例如：
① He was seen to come upstairs.
② Ice is known to be in a solid state.
③ The spy was ordered to be hanged.
5. 介词短语用作主语补足语。例如：
① The books in the study must be kept in good order.
② He was found in good health.
③ English is considered of great importance for us.
6. as后面接名词、形容词、分词等用作主语补足语。例如：
① English is taken as a useful means for research work.
② The news is considered as true.
③ The stool is usually thought as having four legs
④ The vase is thought as broken.
7. 由what引导的名词性从句用作主语补足语。例如：
The boy has been made what he is.
三、主语补足语的判别
1.看句中的动词是不是可接复合宾语，而且是不是被动语态，与此同时还要看其后部分的逻辑主语是不是句子的主语。
2. 另一种最简单的方法是：如果还不能看出来就可以把全句改成主动语态，加上一个主语we或people等。改成主动语态后，看后面是不是变成了“宾语+宾语补足语”了，这样我们就可以判别原句后面是不是主语补足语。例如：
被动句：She was found reading in the library. (主语补足语)
主动句：We found her reading in the library. (宾语+宾语补足语)
被动语态
一、被动语态的用法：
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
补充：
系动词连接了主语和补语。这种结构中的补语是说明主语性状的，所以称为主语补足语。系动词作为实义动词的一类，具有本身的意义，但是在起到桥梁作用的同时，有些系动词会保持本身具有的意义，有些意义则会减弱或消失。例如：
1. I tasted the soup. ( taste 为及物动词，意思为“品尝”。)
2. The soup tastes wonderful. (taste 为系动词，意思为“尝起来，吃起来”，意思基本未变。)
3. He went to the cinema yesterday evening. ( go 是不及物动词，意思为“去，走”。)
4. At the news, he went mad. (go为系动词，失去了“go”的原义，意为“变得”。)
另外，英语中还有一定数量的不及物动词，完全保留了本身的词汇意义，同时又发挥着系动词的功能。它们与主语补足成分连用，所以这类词被称为“准系动词”(quasi-linking verb or half-linking verb)。用于“S+Vi+Cs”(S代表主语，Vi代表不及物动词，Cs代表主语补足语)这一句式的动词都属于这种用法。有时，主语补足语不紧跟系动词，有可能被其它状语成分隔开。以“go”为例：
5. At twenty-four, Tom went half-bald. ( go 为系动词，失去原义。)
6. After midnight, Tom went home bored.( go 为准系动词，保留原义，但同时又连接主语“Tom”和主补“bored”，“home”为副词，表示地点状语。)
用于这一句式的补语可以为各种形式，如名词词组(NP)，形容词词组(AP)，介词词组(Pr.P)，和分词短语(PP)等。现举例如下：
Type1: S + Vi +Cs (NP)
7. We parted the best friends.
= We were the best friends when we parted.
8. I stand before you today the representative of a family in grief.
= I am the representative of a family in grief when I stand before you today.
类似的动词包括： come (back), die, fall, go, leave 等。
Type2: S + Vi +Cs (AP)
9. They were born poor, lived poor, and poor they died.
= They were poor when they were born; they were poor when they lived; they were poor when they died.
10. She married young.
= She was young when she married.
11. The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm at night.
= When the morning dawned after the storm at night, it was fresh and clear.
类似的动词包括：arrive, come (back), dawn, fall, leave, lie, marry, return, sit, stand, turn out 等。
Type3: S + Vi +Cs (Pr.P)
12. The parcel arrived in good condition.
= When the parcel arrived, it was in good condition.
13. They separated with feelings alienation.
= They had feelings alienation when they separated.
类似的动词包括：come, die, fall, go, leave, lie, part, return, sit, stand等。 Type4: S + Vi +Cs (P.P)
14. They stood listening to him.
= They stood while they were listening to him.
15. He came home convinced that she was telling the truth.
= He came home and he was convinced that she was telling the truth.
类似的动词包括：arrive, die, fall, go, leave, lie, return, sit 等。
《宾语从句》
宾语从句（版本一）
一、宾语从句的连接词
二、动词的宾语从句
三、介词的宾语从句
四、形容词的宾语从句
五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
七、宾语从句的否定转移
八、宾语从句的时态和语序
宾语从句（版本二）1.连接词
2.判断时态情况：
宾语从句（版本三）(1)主、从句时态一致：
（2）否定前移，及完成反意问句
（3）运用虚拟语气的情况
（4）宾语从句后置情况
（5）宾从中that不可省略的情况
宾语从句（版本四）一、定义和宾从例句分析
二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成
三、注意
宾语从句（版本一）一、宾语从句的连接词
二、动词的宾语从句
三、介词的宾语从句
四、形容词的宾语从句
五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
七、宾语从句的否定转移
八、宾语从句的时态和语序
宾语从句（版本二） 1.连接词
2.判断时态情况：
宾语从句（版本三） (1)主、从句时态一致：
（2）否定前移，及完成反意问句
（3）运用虚拟语气的情况
（4）宾语从句后置情况
（5）宾从中that不可省略的情况
宾语从句（版本四）一、定义和宾从例句分析
二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成
三、注意
[编辑本段]宾语从句（版本一）
时态：
1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。
一、宾语从句的连接词
从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
He told me that he would go to the college the next year
他告诉我他明年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
二、动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
三、介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
四、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④在不定式前只能用whether.
（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）
⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
当宾语从句较长时;
当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
七、宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
八、宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
[编辑本段]宾语从句（版本二）
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。
1.连接词
1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。
2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。
注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
2.判断时态情况：
1.主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。
2.主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。
eg:
1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿ round.
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. are
2. I believe that our team＿＿＿＿ the basketball match.
A. win
B. won
C. will win
D. wins
3. I don’t know＿＿＿＿ to visit the old man.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. who
4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as
a school.
A.which;where
B.what;which
C.where;which
D.what;where
答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which 代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as…“把…用作…
宾语从句用作宾语。如：
Do you know where he lives?
定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.
This is the man whom he is looking for.
Do you know the girl who is in red?
语法~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
宾语从句的用法
1.that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：
（1）介词宾语从句的that不省略
（2） and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
（3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：
（1）whether从句中有or not
（2）whether从句做介词宾语
Everything depends on whether you agree with us
3.许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构常是：
主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone
4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. bu
[编辑本段]宾语从句（版本三）
宾语从句，在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词后。
eg．
Tell him which class you are in ．
Do you know what he likes？
注：
(1)主、从句时态一致：
主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时；
He answered that he was listening to me.
主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需；
eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.
They know (that) he is working hard.
具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时；
eg．He told me that he was born in 1980.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
（2）否定前移，及完成反意问句
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）
eg． I don't think you are right ,are you ?
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?
（3）运用虚拟语气的情况
在表示：
建议 suggest , advise
要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose；
决定 decide;
命令 order、command;
坚决主张 insist;
等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）
eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard．
He ordered that we should go out at once．
（4）宾语从句后置情况
如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置
eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．
（5）宾从中that不可省略的情况
宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．B．当it作形式宾语时
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．当宾语从句前置时
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
[编辑本段]宾语从句（版本四）
一、定义和宾从例句分析
宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。
A 作动词的宾语:
I heard the news.
主语谓语动词名词作宾语
I heard that he would come here later on.
主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语---宾语从句
B 作介词的宾语:
He said nothing about the plan.
主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词名词作介词的宾语
He said nothing about who broke the window last night.
主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语
二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成
带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.
1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.
宾语
2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.
间接宾语直接宾语
3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
间接宾语直接宾语
4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.
who hadn’t passed the exam.
when she would leave this building.
why she cried last night.
where she was going to study.
which student was his partner in the short play.
if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning.
how she managed to solve the problem.
why water flows from a high position to a lower position.
在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。
5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner.
who broke the window yesterday.
when I can have a holiday.
why I failed the exam yesterday.
where I should have dinner with my friend tonight.
which book is the best one.
if (whether) I have passed the exam.
how my cat escaped from the room last night.
在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。
三、注意
A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
宾语从句的点点滴滴宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
一，引导词
A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。
例：I told him that he was wrong.
l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it 做形式宾语。
例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。
例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
二，宾语从句的语序，
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例：I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
二，宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3)She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
lCould you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。
例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?
注意事项：
u由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。
例：She said: “I have been to England before.”
She said that she had been to England before.
She asked me: “Do you like maths?”
She asked me if I liked maths.
u宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式
”做宾语的简单句结构。
例：I don’t know what I should do next.
I con’t know what to do next.
He didn’t know where he would live.
He didn’t know where to live.
DO SOME EXERCISES:
1.Can you see________?
A. what he’s reading
B. what is he reading
C. what does he read
D. he reads what
2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一个句子)
Do you know_____Jack _____from Japan?
3._What did your son say in the letter?
_He told me that he___ the Disney would the next day
A.will visit
B. has visited
C. is going to visit
D. would visit
4.He didn’t know__________
A.what’s the matter
B.what the matter is
C. what was the matter
D. what the matter was
5.Somebody called you just now,but I didn’t know____
A.who were they
B. who they were
C. who was it
D. who it was
6.I want to know_____
A.what is his name
B. what’s his name
C. that his name is
D. what his name is
7.---Could you tell me ___she is looking for?
---Her cousin,susan.
A.that
B.whose C .who D.which
8.---What are you searching the Internet for?
---I’m trying to find out____.
A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU
B.How many persons have died in Iraq
C.How to protect our environment
D.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea
9.Do you know___________?(谁正在唱歌)
10.Do you know___________?(她正在和谁谈话)
11.Do you know___________?(昨天发生了什么事)
The keys: 1 A.2 if ,comes.3D. 4 C. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B
9 who is singing
10 who she is talking with
11 what happened yesterday
宾语，英语，从句，语法
高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
高中英语语法总结
高中英语语法总结 懂一点语法，在英语阅读方面的理解会更加透彻。下面是小编给大家整理的高中英语语法的相关知识，供大家参阅! 高中英语语法：助动词一.概念: 助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种. 二.相关知识点精讲: 1. 助动词be的用法 1) be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如： They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。 English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。 2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如： The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。 3) be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容： a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如： He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。 We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。 说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。 b. 表示命令。例如：
You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。 He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。 c. 征求意见。例如： How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他? Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢? d. 表示相约、商定。例如： We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。 2. 助动词have的用法 1)have +过去分词，构成完成时态。例如： He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。 2)have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如： I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。 3)have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。 3.助动词do 的用法 1)构成一般疑问句。例如：
新人教版七年级英语语法知识总结
英语七年级语法知识总结 1．动词be（is,am,are）的用法 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。 2．this，that和it用法 (1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。 (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如： This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处) (3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如： This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。 (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如： This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。 (5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如： This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。 (6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如： —Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？ —Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁？ 注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…？/Who are you? (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如： ①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？—Yes, it is. 是的，它是。 ②—What’s that? 那是什么？—It’s a kite. 是只风筝。 3．these和those用法 this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。 ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。 ②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。 ③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？ 在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？ Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。 4．名词＋’s所有格
高中英语语法总结大全-形容词和副词
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
高中英语语法最重要知识汇总
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
高中英语语法总结(完整版;高中必看!)
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
初一英语语法及主要知识点归纳总结
初一英语语法及主要知 识点归纳总结 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
初一英语知识点归纳总结 分类：英语学习 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from 一．短语： 1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in 居住在--- 3． on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二．重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live 3 What language(s) does he speak 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office 一． Asking ways: (问路) 1．Where is (the nearest) …… （最近的）……在哪里 2．Can you tell me the way to …… 你能告诉我去……的路吗 3．How can I get to …… 我怎样到达……呢 4．Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood 附近有……吗 5．Which is the way to …… 哪条是去……的路 二．Showing the ways: （指路） 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
初一英语语法知识点总结归纳
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