中考英语 阅读理解题材Topic 8 天气与自然

Topic Eight Weather and Nature 天气与自然话说中考

随着社会经济的快速发展，社会和谐已提上日程，天气与自然环境很快就成为人们关注的话题之一。此类话题多是说明文和议论文。这就要求我们了解说明文和议论文的特点，这样才能对问题进一步地分析和解读，才能自觉地完成命题要求，取得高分。

解题思路：把握该类话题的特征，对所给信息进行归纳整合

走进中考(湖北襄樊·2010)

Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆)．They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the year．When an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do．

Do NOT go outside．You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings．If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线)． Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture．Hold on to it．Or stay in a corner of the building．Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing．Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside．

Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you．Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself．

Also keep away from a fire．You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire． If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe．Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridges．Try not to stop by power lines or trees．These could fall and hurt you．

阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

( ) 1．It isn't safe for you to _______ while the earthquake is happening． A．run out of the building

B．stay in a corner of the building

C．cover your head with your arms

D．cover your mouth with a towel

( ) 2．From this passage，we know _______．

A．many people fear earthquakes

B．earthquakes maybe happen at any time

C．we can't save ourselves in an earthquake

D．people never get injured in earthquakes

( ) 3．The best title for this passage should be "_______"．

A．How Earthquakes Happen

B．How to Drive a Car

C．What We Should Do in Earthquakes

D．Why Earthquakes Happen

解析

1．A BCD 三项在第三段可找到答案；根据第二段内容可知 A 项的做法是不安全的，故正确答案为 A。

2．B 根据第一段前两句可知，地震可能随时会发生，故 B 项为正确答案。

3．C 通过全文可知本文主要是在介绍发生地震时，我们应该采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受伤，故正确答案为 C。

话题专练

一

Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth．When some plates of the earth move suddenly，an earthquake happens．Many earthquakes begin under the sea．They often happen near the mountains，too．

During an earthquake，the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack(断裂) open．Houses fall，people are killed or hurt，and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed．

Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes Scientists have studied earthquakes and made maps that show the "earthquake belts"．In areas in these belts，it's possible for earthquakes to happen．In these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes．

In the future，scientists will be able to tell when and where an earthquake will be before they happen．They can also tell people what to do and how to do it．

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

( ) 1．The reason for an earthquake is _______．

A．that there are so many plates on the earth

B．that the sea is too deep

C．rocks' cracking open

( ) 2．A lot of earthquakes often happens _______．

A．in the area

B．next to mountains

C．at night

( ) 3．A map showing the earthquake belts will tell people _______．

A．what kind of houses to build

B．what kind of houses can stay up in an earthquake

C．where earthquake may happen

( ) 4．Which is Not True according to the passage

A．During an earthquake people are killed or hurt．

B．The scientists can tell when and where an earthquake is now．

C．we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes．

( ) 5．In the future，we'll be no longer so afraid of earthquakes _______． A．with the help of scientists' exact prediction

B．because of a map showing the "earthquake belts"

C．because we can guess the date and place of earthquakes

答案：

1．A 根据文章第一段中“When some plates of the earth move suddenly，an earthquake happens．"可知，地球是由许多板块构成的，板块的移动产生了地震，所以根源在板块。

2．B 根据短文第一段内容可知，地震常发生在山脉附近。

3．C 根据短文第三段内容可知，地图将告诉我们地震带常发生地震。

4．B 根据短文最后一段内容可知，专家预测将来能判定地震发生的时间和地点，而不是现在。

5．A 根据短文最后一段内容可以推测出专家能预测地震发生的时间和地点，所以我们

不必担心将来发生地震。

二

Have you ever seen a greenhouse Most greenhouses look like a small glass house． Greenhouses are used to grow plants，especially in winter．Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun，the glass panels(板) of the greenhouse let light in，but keep heat from escaping．This causes the greenhouse to heat up，much like the inside of the parked in sunlight，and keeps the plants warm enough to live in winter． The earth's atmosphere(大气) is all around us．It is the air that we breathe．Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass panels in a greenhouse．Sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere，passing through the blanket of greenhouse gases．As it reaches the Earth's surface，land，water，and biosphere(生物圈)，they take up the sunlight's energy．Once the heat is taken up，this energy is sent back into the atmosphere．Some of the energy passes back into space，but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases，causing our world to heat up．

The greenhouse effect is important．Without the greenhouse effect，the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live．But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger，it could make the earth warmer than usual．Even a little extra warming may bring problems to humans，plants，and animals．

根据短文内容，回答下列问题。

1．What are greenhouses used for

________________________________________________________

2．Why is the temperature in the greenhouse higher than that outside

________________________________________________________

3．What behaves much like the glass panels in a greenhouse

________________________________________________________

4．If we didn't have the greenhouse effect，what would happen

________________________________________________________

5．What does the article mainly tell us

________________________________________________________

答案：

1．They are used for growing plants．答案来自第二段的第一句。

2．根据短文第二段中温室效应的工作原理可知，答案是 Because the glass panels of the greenhouse can let light in，and keep heat from escaping．

3．根据短文第三段的“much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases”可知，温室塑料板的作用像空中大气层的作用，即答案是 Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere．

4．根据最后一段内容可知，如果没有大气层的温室效应，人类就不能生存，即答案为Humans couldn't live because the earth would not be warm enough．5．根据全文内容可知，主要是温室效应及对人类的影响，所以答案为 It mainly tells us what the greenhouse effect is and its influence．

三

No one can change the weather．But if read the signs correctly around us，we can know how the weather will be．This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting．For many centuries and in all countries，people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting．Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain．Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather．Their joints(关节) ache．Some birds fly high if the fine weather is coming，but they fly near ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way．It is probably because of the insects which they are hunting fly low．If you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine．Such rainbows come in the evening．If the stars twinkle clearly at night，then fine weather will continue．If a fog appears in the evening just above a river，then the day will be warm．If the sunset is mostly red in color，then the morning，rainy weather will probably come．Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

( ) 1．People's joints ache _______．

A．is a sign of coming rain

B．because they are ill

C．without any reason

D．because of the insects

( ) 2．Which is true about weather forecasting

A．Weather forecasting is a report about the weather on the following day or two．

B．Weather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will be like． C．People can change the weather forecasting．

D．Weather forecasting is a sign of coming rain．

( ) 3．The birds fly high and the stars twinkle clearly is a sign that the weather will _______．

A．be rainy

B．be warm

C．continue clear and fine

D．be cold

( ) 4．A rainbow during rainy weather is a _______ of the fine weather．

A．sign B．way C．method D．road

( ) 5．We must _______ to make weather forecasting．

A．use our eyes and brains

B．study the weather hard

C．read the weather hard

D．all of the above

答案：

1．A 根据短文 Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather．可知，人们的一些关节疼痛是雨天来临的标志。

2．B 根据短文内容可知，天气预报是对未来几天的预测；不是对天气的报道，也不是雨天的标志，即排除 A、D；根据短文第一句可知“人们更不能改变天气”排除 C，所以答案是 B。

3．C 根据短文中 Some birds fly high if the fine weather is coming，和 If the stars twinkle clearly at night，then fine weather will continue．可知，鸟儿飞的高和夜晚星光灿烂是天气晴朗、温度适宜的象征。

4．A 根据短文中 If you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine．可知，雨后彩虹是天气晴朗的标志。

5．D 从整篇文章来看，对天气的了解不仅靠人们的眼睛和大脑，还要继续多观察和研究，所以选 D。

四

"Green" is more than just a color．It also means taking special steps to protect the environment —the water，the land，and the air we breathe．What can you do Here's one of the guides to being green：

Sometimes people call our society a "throwaway society"．That means that we're a little willing to throw away old things and buy new things．Many times，even if you no longer need something，someone else just might．For example，if your baby brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop(篮筐)，why not give it to another family who has a little kid

Here are some other ways to reuse the things you have：

Use rechargeable(可再充电的) batteries for your laptops，MP3 players，cell phones，and digital cameras．

Choose reusable travel cups instead of disposable(一次性的) paper or plastic cups．

Take your own bags when you go to the grocery store．

Drink tap water instead of buying bottled water．If you don't like how your tap water tastes，a low-cost filtration(过滤) system could make a difference．Get a reusable water bottle so you can take it with you．

Organize an exchange among your friends．What can you exchange Books，toys，even clothes．It's a way for everyone to get something new without spending any money and without throwing lots of things away．

根据短文内容，完成句子。

1．Green is not only a color but also means _______．

2．If your brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop，you can _______． 3．You should _______ instead of disposable paper or plastic cups．

4．You can exchange _______ with your friends．

5．The article mainly tells us _______．

答案：

1．根据短文第一段内容可知，绿色不仅是一种颜色，还是环保的一种标志，即答案为taking special steps to protect the environment。

2．根据短文中“if your baby brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop(篮筐)，why not give it to another family who has a little kid”可知，不用的塑料筐可以送给别的小孩子，即答案为 give if to another family who has a little kid。

3．根据短文中第二条建议可知，我们可以用个人专用杯来代替一次性杯子或塑料杯，即答案是 choose reusable travel cups。

4．根据短文最后一段内容可知，可交换的东西有 books，toys，and clothes。

5．通读全文可知，这篇文章主要告诉我们，生活中如何环保，所以答案是 how to protect our environment in our lives。

五

There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment and the earth．Choose ideas from the list or come up with a few of your own．★ Plant flowers，grass or trees．

★ Whenever you visit a park or a beach，take away what you bring there and keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it into a dustbin．

★ Turn off the lights，TV sets when you leave a room．This saves a lot of electricity．

★ Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth．You can save some water by not letting it run．Also，use a glass or cup instead of a paper one because this saves paper．

★ Keep the doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm air in．

★ Give your old books and magazines to a library instead of throwing them away．★ Give your clothes to poor children in stead of throwing them away．

★ Use both sides of paper．

★ Stop pouring dirty water into the rivers or lakes nearby．

★ Encourage all your friends to do the same things you do to help protect the earth．

If everyone makes contribution to protect the environment，the world will become much more beautiful．

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

( ) 1．From the above，we know that the passage is _______．

A．an ad

B．a proposal(建议)

C．a sign

D．a notice

( ) 2．The writer mainly tells us _______．

A．to pour dirty water into the rivers

B．to throw rubbish into a dustbin

C．to save water by turning on the tap while brushing our teeth

D．that we can't do all these things every day

( ) 3．We can _______ to save paper．

A．use both sides of paper

B．pick up waste paper at school

C．use a paper cup

D．give old toys to poor children

( ) 4．Which of the following is WRONG according to the writer

A．Turn off the lights when you leave a room．

B．Close the doors and windows in winter．

C．Use a paper cup when you brush your teeth．

D．Give your old clothes to the poor children．

( ) 5．The title of this passage is ________．

A．Save Water and Electricity

B．Protect the Earth

C．Make Better Use of Old Things

D．Save Money

答案：

1．B 根据短文内容可知这是一则倡议书。

2．B 由“...you can put it into a dustbin．”可知答案。

3．A 由第八条建议可知答案是 use both sides of paper。

4．C 由第四条建议 use a glass or cup instead of a paper one 可知，答案是 C。

5．B 根据短文大意可知是谈论保护地球。

六

How many plastic bags do you use every day Is there any chance for us to live without them What can we do to have less plastic pollution A performance in Hangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives．

In front of a supermarket in Hangzhou，five volunteers wore white plastic bags and walked around and through the crowd．The performance called on people to use more cloth bags instead of plastic ones．

Some of the plastic bags worn by the performers were collected from customers(顾客) in two food markets and the others were collected by 700 students from a secondary school．

On that day，when leaving the food markets，customers were told to hand over unnecessary plastic shopping bags．Several hundred plastic bags were collected in two hours．

"If we do nothing about it，the earth will be eaten up by white pollution．And humans will become 'plastic men'，" said one of the performers．

"How can you breathe in so many plastic bags" A middle-aged woman asked one performer．"How can the earth breathe if there are too many plastic bags" the performer answered．

Starting from June last year，plastic bags were no longer given for free in supermarkets，shopping malls or food markets all over the country．

People are called on to use cloth bags when they go shopping．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

( ) 1．Since June last year people should _______ plastic bags all over the country．

A．pay for

B．get

C．use as many as

D．stop using

( ) 2．A performance took place in _______．

A．a supermarket

B．a plastic bag shop

C．Hangzhou

D．a school

( ) 3．— Why did the performers wear white plastic bags and walk around — They wanted ________．

A．to ask people to overuse plastics

B．to invite people to go to the supermarket

C．to give people more bags

D．to persuade people not to use plastic bags

( ) 4．If we don't do something against the pollution，humans _______．

A．will be polluted

B．will become "plastic men"

C．won't be comfortable

D．will be plastic ones

( ) 5．The main idea of this passage is about _______ pollution．A．white B．air C．water D．light

答案：

1．A 文章中讲到自 2008 年 6 月 1 日起，为减少白色污染的泛滥而有偿使用塑料袋，而不是禁止使用。

2．C 根据文章第一段最后一句“A performance in Hangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives．”可知，这个演出活动在杭州举行。

3．D 根据文章第二段最后一句可知他们的目的是号召人们用布袋代替塑料袋。

4．B 根据笫五段主要介绍如果我们人类再不做些事情制止白色污染，那么地球有一天会被白色污染所吞噬，那么地球人也会被污染成 plastic men。

5．A 由短文内容可知文章主旨是有关白色污染的。

七

"What would you do if you were the mayor(市长) of your city" We asked some students from different cities．Here are what they said：

Deng Chuan，15，from Dazhou

With the development of modern industry(工业)，more and more waste water is being poured into the Zhouhe River．It has caused serious pollution．The river is becoming so dirty that few living things can live in it．So，if I were the mayor，I would order all the factories that pour the waste water into the river to close down．As we all know，water is the source(根源) of our lives．It is very important to protect water．

Zhang Yan，14，from Chengdu

Our city is more and more beautiful．But sometimes it's not convenient for the blind．There are not enough pavements(人行道) in our

city．Some of the old ones are broken．They may not be

safe to walk on! If I were the mayor of our city，I would

build more pavements for the blind．

Wang Lili，16，from Chongqing

There are more and more old people in our city．And there are not enough places for them to relax and enjoy themselves．So，if I were the mayor，I would build an activity center in each residential(住宅) area for the old．So old people can play cards or chess．This will make old people not feel lonely any more and spend remaining years comfortably．

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

( ) 1．What does Deng Chuan care for

A．water pollution．

B．Air pollution．

C．Pavements for the blind．

D．Activity centers for the old．

( ) 2．Who's the youngest of the three students

A．Deng Chuan．

B．Zhang Yan．

C．Wang Lili．

D．I don't know．

( ) 3．What does the underlined word "convenient" mean in Chinese

A．方便的 B．简单的 C．便宜的 D．具有吸引力的

( ) 4．Where is Wang Lili from

A．Dazhou． B．Chengdu． C．Chongqing． D．Zhouhe．

( ) 5．Which of the following is FALSE

A．It's very important for Dazhou to protect water．

B．There are enough pavements for the blind in Chengdu．

C．There aren't enough places for the old people to relax and enjoy themselves in Chongqing．

D．Some of the old pavements in Chengdu are broken．

答案：

1．A 根据短文中第一个学生的答语可知，more and more waste water is being poured into the Zhouhe River．It has caused serious pollution．确定答案是 A。

2．B 根据三个同学的简介可知，Zhang Yan 年龄最小。

3．A 根据上下句的关系可知，是对盲人不方便。

4．C 根据最后那名学生的介绍可知，她来自重庆。

5．B 从 Zhang Yan 的介绍中的第三句 There are not enough pavements(人行道) in our city．可知，B 项是错误的。

八

Different weather makes people feel different．It influences health，intelligence(智力) and feelings．In August，it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States．People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month．In the northeast and the middle west，it is very hot sometimes and very cold sometimes．People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March．

The weather can also influence intelligence．For example，in a 1983 study by scientists showed that the IQ of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came，but after the strong wind，their IQ was 10% lower．The wind can help people

have more intelligence．Very hot weather，on the other hand，can make it lower．Students in many schools of the United States often do worse on exams in the hot months of the year(July and August)．

Weather also has a strong influence on people's feelings．Winter may be a bad time for thin people．They usually feel cold these months．They might feel unhappy during cold weather．But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer．At about 18℃，people become stronger．

Low air pressure(气压) may make people forgetful．People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days．There is "good weather" for work and health．People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃．

Are you feeling sad，tired，forgetful，or unhappy today It may be the weather's fault．

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

( ) 1．_______ can have a bad effect on health．

A．Hot and wet weather

B．Good weather

C．Warm weather

D．High intelligence

( ) 2．People may have more intelligence when _______ comes．

A．a rain

B．very hot weather

C．a wind

D．low air pressure

( ) 3．Low air pressure may make people _______．

A．forgetful B．sad C．angry D．tired

( ) 4．In "good weather" of 18℃，_______．

A．people are very forgetful

B．people can't do their work well

C．thin people feel cold

D．people are in better health

( ) 5．The article mainly tells us that _______．

A．weather influences people's health

B．weather influences people's intelligence

C．weather influences people's feelings

D．all of the above．

答案：

1．A 根据短文第一段内容可知，天气过于热和湿润对人体健康都有危害。

2．C 根据短文中第二段内容中 The wind can help people have more intelligence．可以确定答案。

3．A 根据短文倒数第二段第一句Low air pressure(气压) may make people forgetful．可确定答案。

4．D 根据短文倒数第二段内容可知，人在温度18℃ 左右时感觉最舒服，所以选 D。

5．D 通读全文可知，主要是讲天气对人的健康、智力和情感的影响。

九

Recycling is nothing new．Water，paper，used bags，and many other things have been recycled and used again in many different ways for many years．It is only the world that is new．But now that natural materials are becoming more difficult to find，many countries are experimenting with other ways of keeping materials．

In the ，a publishing film has brought out several books on pollution and waste．The books are made of recycled paper — that has used as papers before．In this way，several thousand trees are saved．If those books are multiplied(大大增加) by a hundred，or even a thousand，the whole forest will be saved．One school boy has got the conclusion that if every school book in the recycled，there would be enough paper for fifty packets of peanuts(花生)，and these peanuts are enough for every child in the world for a period of time．

Several firms are experimenting with making containers(集装箱) from hard plastic which，when the containers are finished，can be used as building materials，a kind of brick．If mountains of empty cans all over the world can be changed into building materials that are not too expensive，that，is a new source of material．根据短文内容，完成下列各题。

1．Recycling is to use materials for the _______ time．

2．Why are people looking for ways of making use of the waste materials

Because it is _______ to find _______ materials

3．What is the result of using the recycled paper

A large number of _______ are saved．

4．What can be used to building houses according to the passage

It's _______ _______ that containers are made of．

5．What can be used as building materials besides containers

They're _______ _______ all over the world．

答案：

1．second 回收再利用就是对物质材料的第二次利用。

2．difficult／hard；natural 根据短文中 ...natural materials are becoming more difficult to find，可知。

3．trees 由文章中 In this way，several thousand trees are saved．可知答案。

4．hard plastic 由文章中Several firms ale experimenting with making containers(集装箱) from hard plastic... 可知答案。

5．empty cans 根据短文最后一句可知答案。