新课标八年级下册英语知识点归纳
新课标八年级下册英语知识点归纳
U n i t1
一、时态：一般将来时
1定义：表示在将来的某个时间内要发生的动作或存在的状态。
2结构：
（1）b e g o i n g t o+动词原形：变否定句，在b e动词后加n o t;变一般疑问句，把b e动词提到句首，其余部分照抄。
（2）w i l l+动词原形：变否定句，在w i l l后加n o t,缩写成w o n’t;变一般疑问句，把w i l l提到句首，其余部分照抄。
（3）s h a l l+动词原形:(只用于主语为第一人称I/w e时)，变否定句，在s h a l l后加n o t,缩写成s h a n’t变一般疑问句，把s h a l l提到句首，其余部分照抄。
（4）T h e r e w i l l b e+主语+其它成分。变否定句，把w i l l变成w o n’t;变一般疑问句，把w i l l提到句首，其余部分照抄。肯定回答：Y e s,t h e r e w i l l否定回答：N o,t h e r e w o n’t.
二、宾语从句：由一个句子来作另一个句子的宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
1结构：主句+连接词+从句
2连接词：
（1）作宾语的从句为陈述句时，连接词用t h a t,t h a t常常省略。
（2）作宾语的从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用i f/w h e t h e r,从句的语序改为陈述句语序，如果句中有o r n o t时，只能用w h e t h e r.
(3)作宾语的从句为特殊疑问句时，连接词用该特殊疑问词，连接词后面句子的语序改为陈述句语序。
3时态：在宾语从句中，如果主句为一般现在时，从句可以用所需要的任何时态；如果主句为一般过去时，从句要用所需要的过去的某种时态。
三、短语：
1i n p e o p l e’s h o m e s在人们的家里2a t h o m e在家
3o n c o m p u t e r s通过电脑4f r o m n o w o n从现在起
5b e d i f f e r e n t f r o m=b e n o t t h e s a m e a s与……不同
6i n t h e f u t u r e在将来
7b e f r e e（1）免费（2）空闲
8l i v e t o b e…y e a r s o l d活到……岁时
9i n+一段时间：用于将来时a f t e r+一段时间：用于过去时
10l e s s:l i t t l e的比较级，后接不可数名词f e w e r:f e w的比较级，后接可数名词的复数m o r e:m a n y/m u c h的比较级，后既可跟可数名词，也可跟不可数名词。
11m o r e t h a n=o v e r超过
12n o m o r e=n o t…a n y m o r e不再n o l o n g e r=n o t…a n y l o n g e r不再
13m o r e用在数词之后，表示又、再
14s p a c e s t a t i o n太空站
15t a l k a b o u t谈论
16f i l l i n填写
17d u r i n g t h e w e e k=o n w e e k d a y s在周内
18k e e p s t h+a d j(形容词)使某物保持……状态
k e e p s b d o i n g s t h让某人做某事k e e p f i t/h e a l t h y保持健康k e e p o f f不要踩踏
k e e p u p w i t h赶上、不落后k e e p a d i a r y坚持写日记k e e p w a t c h守望
k e e p o n d o i n g s t h继续做某事
19f a l l b e h i n d落后f a l l d o w n落下、跌倒f a l l o f f从……落下f a l l a s l e e p入睡f a l l i n l o v e w i t h爱上
20l o t s o f=a l o t o f许多，修饰可数名词时，相当于m a n y;修饰不可数名词时，相当于m u c h 21l i v e i n居住在
22a l o n e=b y o n e s e l f单独、独自l o n e l y孤独、寂寞
23g o s k a t i n g去滑冰
24l o o k:看，作为系动词，后接形容词
25p u t o n穿，强调穿的动作w e a r穿，强调穿的状态b e i n穿，后接颜色词
d r
e s s穿，后常接反身代词
26b e a b l e t o+动词原形：能做谋事
27o n v a c a t i o n度假
28n e e d t o d o s t h（人做主语）需要做某事n e e d d o i n g s t h（物作主语）需要做某事29o n e d a y=s o m e d a y将来的某一天
30c o m e t r u e实现
31o f c o u r s e=c e r t a i n l y当然
32b e u s e d b y被……使用
33b e l i k e像……一样
34w i t h t h e h e l p o f…=w i t h o n e’s h e l p在…….的帮助下
35h e l p s b w i t h s t h在某方面帮助某人h e l p s b(t o)d o s t h帮助某人做某事
36h e l p o n e s e l f t o s t h随便吃……
37h u n d r e d百
（1）前面有具体数字时，使用单数。
（2）与o f连用时，使用复数h u n d r e d s o f许多，大量
38t r y t o d o s t h尽力做某事
39l o o k l i k e看起来像……
40d o t h e s a m e t h i n g s a s与……做同样的事情
41m a k e s b d o s t h使某人做某事
b e m a d e f r o m由……组成（化学变化）
b e m a d e o f由……组成（物理变化）m a k e f r i e n d s w i t h s b与某人交朋友
42w a k e u p醒来
43o v e r a n d o v e r a g a i n一次又一次
44g e t b o r e d厌烦
g e t t o=a r r i v e i n/a t=r e a c h到达g e t u p起床g e t o f f下车g e t o n上车g e t w a r m变暖
g e t o n w e l l w i t h与……相处的好
45l o o k f o r寻找
46s e e m t o b e好像是
I t s e e m s+t h a t从句看来好像……I t s e e m s a s i f……看起来好像……
47t a k e p l a c e发生（经过事先安排好的）h a p p e n发生（偶然发生）
（1）s t h h a p p e n t o s b(某人发生什么事)
（2）h a p p e n t o d o s t h(人作主语)
U n i t2
1s t a y a t h o m e呆在家
2e n o u g h：足够的
（1）修饰名词时，放在名词之前。e n o u g h t i m e
(2)修饰形容词和副词时，要后臵n e w e n o u g h3a r g u e w i t h s b和某人吵架
4o u t o f s t y l e过时i n s t y l e时尚
5o r n o t是否
6W h a t’s w r o n g(w i t h…)=W h a t’s t h e m a t t e r(w i t h…)怎么啦？
7c a l l s b u p给某人打电话
8g i v e s b s t h=g i v e s t h t o s b把某物给某人
9o n t h e p h o n e在电话上
10t a l k a b o u t谈论
11a p a r t-t i m e j o b一份兼职工作
12p a y f o r:为……付款（人作主语）(p a y s o m e m o n e y f o r s b给某人付钱)
s p e n d…o n s t h在某件事上花费钱（人作主语）
s p e n d…(i n)d o i n g s t h花费时间或金钱做某事（人作主语）
s p e n d…w i t h s b花费时间和某人在一起（人作主语）
c o s t：花费（物作主语）
t a k e：花费（I t作为形式主语）
13b o r r o w s t h f r o m s b从某人那里借某物l e n d s t h t o s b把某物借给某人
k e e p s t h f o r+一段时间借某物一段时间
14e i t h e r也，用于否定句的句末a l s o也，用于句中
t o o也，用于肯定句句末
15e i t h e r
（1）也，用于否定句的句末
（2）指两者中的任何一个
e i t h e r…o r…或者……或者……
16a s k s b f o r
(1)征询某人的意见
（2）向某人要某物
17a s k s b f o r s t h向某人要某物
a s k s
b t o d o s t h叫某人干某事
a s k s
b n o t t o d o s t h叫某人不要干某事
a s k f o r t r o u
b l e自找麻烦
a s k f o r l e a v e请假
a s k a f t e r探询、询问
18b u y s b s t h=b u y s t h t o s b给某人买某物
19b o r r o w s t h f o r s b向某人借某物l e n d s t h t o s b把某物借给某人k e e p s t h f o r+一段时间
20a p a r t-t i m e j o b一份兼职工作
21b e t h e s a m e a s与……一样
22t e l l s b t o d o s t h告诉某人要做某事
t e l l s b n o t t o d o s t h告诉某人不要做某事
23i n v i t e s b t o d o s t h邀请某人做某事
i n v i t e s b n o t t o d o s t h邀请某人不做某事
24e l s e别的、其它的。用在疑问词和不定代词之后
o t h e r别的、其它的。用在名词之前
25e x c e p t除……之外（不包括在内）b e s i d e s除……之外（包括在内）b u t除……之外（常与n o o n e/n o b o d y/n o t h i n g等连用）
26W h a t t o d o=H o w t o d o i t怎么办？
27h e l p s b(t o)d o s t h帮助某人做某事h e l p s b w i t h s t h在某方面帮助某人
28f o r g e t t o d o s t h忘记做某事f o r g e t d o i n g s t h忘记做过某事l e a v e s t h+某地把某物忘在某处
29b e a n g r y w i t h s b和某人生气
30f i n d o u t找出
f i n d找到（强调找的结果）l o o k f o r寻找（强调找的过程）
31f a i l失败常与介词i n连用
32t h e s a m e a g e a s与……一样的年龄
33r e t u r n=g i v e b a c k归还
r e t u r n…t o…把某物归还给……
34h a v e a f i g h t w i t h s b与某人打架
35g i v e s b s o m e a d v i c e给某人一些建议
36l e a r n t o d o s t h学会做某事
37f r o m…t o…从……到……
38t a k e…t o…把某人带到某处
39n o t…u n t i l…直到……才……
40I t’s t i m e f o r s t h=I t’s t i m e t o d o s t h该是做某事的时间
41a s m u c h a s p o s s i b l e尽可能多
42f i t…i n t o…找出时间做某事
43c o m p l a i n a b o u t s t h抱怨
44t a k e p a r t i n参加
45t o o m u c h太多后接不可数名词m u c h t o o太后接形容词
46s e e s b d o i n g s t h看见某人正在做某事s e e s b t o d o s t h看见某人做某事s e e看见。感官动词，类似的有:w a t c h/f i n d/f e e l/h e a r…
47s e n d s b t o…把某人送到某处
48a l l k i n d s o f各种各样的
m a n y d i f f e r e n t k i n d s o f许多不同种类的a k i n d o f一种
k i n d o f有点儿
49c o m p a r e…w i t h…把……和……比较c o m p a r e…t o…把……比作……
50a l i t t l e=a b i t一点儿，后接形容词a l i t t l e=a b i t o f一点儿，后接不可数名词51o n t h e o n e h a n d一方面o n t h e o t h e r h a n d另一方面
U n i t3
一时态：
1一般过去时：表示在过去的时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
（1）如果谓语动词是b e动词（w a s/w e r e）时，变一般疑问句，把w a s/w e r e提到句首；变否定句，把w a s/w e r e变成w a s n’t/w e r e n’t,其余部分照抄。
（2）如果谓语动词是行为动词，在肯定句中，谓语动词使用过去式（+e d）;变一般疑问句，在句首加助动词D i d,谓语动词用原形；变否定句，在主语后加d i d n’t,谓语动词用原形。
（3）时间状语：a g o/y e s t e r d a y/t h e d a y b e f o r e y e s t e r d a y/l a s t w e e k等
2过去进行时：表示在过去的某一时刻所发生的动作。
（1）结构：w a s/w e r e+动词i n g
(2)变一般疑问句，把w a s/w e r e提到句首；变否定句，把w a s/w e r e变成w a s n’t/w e r e n’t,其余部分照抄。
二、语法：时间状语从句
1时间状语从句的连接词：w h e n/w h i l e/a f t e r/b e f o r e/u n t i l….
2w h e n当……的时候，引导的时间状语从句，
（1）当主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时；反之，当从句使用一般现在时，主句使用一般将来时。
（2）当主句使用过去进行时，从句使用一般过去时；反之，从句使用一般过去时，主句使用过去进行时。
3w h i l e当……的时候，引导的时间状语从句，
（1）当主句使用一般过去时，从句使用过去进行时；反之，从句使用过去进行时，主句使用一般过去时。
（2）主句和从句的动作同时发生时，都要使用过去进行时。
三、短语：
1a r r i v e i n/a t=r e a c h=g e t t o到达g e t h o m e/t h e r e/h e r e到家/那里/这里
2i n t h e b a r b e r’s c h a i r在理发师的椅子上
3s l e e p l a t e睡懒觉
4g e t o u t o f t h e s h o w e r从浴室里出来
5t a l k o n t h e p h o n e通电话
6c u t h a i r剪发
7l a n d o n在……着陆
8g o i n t o进入
9w a l k d o w n t h e s t r e e t沿着街道往下走
10c a l l t h e p o l i c e报警
11T V s t a t i o n电视台
12t a k e o f f起飞t a k e a w a y拿走t a k e o u t取出t a k e s b/s t h t o…把某人带到某处
t a k e i t e a s y别担心t a k e p l a c e发生
13a v e r y u n u s u a l e x p e r i e n c e一个不寻常的经历
14l a n d r i g h t正好着陆
15a s o u v e n i r s h o p礼品店
16t h e M u s e u m o f F l i g h t航天博物馆
17l o o k a t看着l o o k a f t e r=t a k e c a r e o f照顾
18I s n’t t h a t a m a z i n g!难道那不吃惊吗？
19t a k e t u r n s t o d o s t h按顺序做某事
20H o w a b o u t=W h a t a b o u t……怎么样
21t a k e a p h o t o=t a k e p h o t o s照相
22j u m p d o w n向下跳
23s h o u t a t s b对某人大声吼叫
24t o o（1）也，用于肯定句句末。（2）太，后接形容词
25a t t h e t r a i n s t a t i o n在火车站
26r u n a w a y逃跑r u n o u t o f用完
27b e c r o w d e d拥挤
28t h i n k a b o u t思考，认为t h i n k o v e r仔细考虑
29c o m e i n进来
30n e x t t o在……旁边i n f r o n t o f在……前面a c r o s s f r o m在……的对面
31r e m e m b e r t o d o s t h记住做某事r e m e m b e r d o i n g s t h记住做过某事
32f o r g e t t o d o s t h忘记做某事f o r g e t d o i n g s t h忘记做过某事
33i n h i s t o r y在历史上
34f o r e x a m p l e=s u c h a s例如
35o n t h i s d a y在这一天
36i n m o d e r n A m e r i c a n h i s t o r y在现代美国历史上
37w a s k i l l e d被杀
38h e a r a b o u t/o f听说
h e a r f r o m s b=g e t a l e t t e r f r o m s b收到某人的来信
39h a v e f u n=e n j o y o n e s e l f=h a v e a g o o d t i m e玩得开心
40i n s i l e n c e默默地
41s t o p t o d o s t h停下来做另外的事s t o p d o i n g s t h停止做某事
42w a s/w e r e b o r n i n/o n出生于
43n o t a l l并不是所有的
44o f c o u r s e=c e r t a i n l y当然
45a s m u c h a s p o s s i b l e尽可能多的
46i n m o r e r e c e n t t i m e s在较近的年代i n m o r e r e c e n t h i s t o r y在较近的历史中
47i n s p a c e在太空中
48a n a t i o n a l h e r o一位民族英雄
49a l l o v e r t h e w o r l d=i n t h e w o r l d=a r o u n d t h e w o r l d全世界
50b e f a m o u s f o r以……而著名b e c o m e f a m o u s出名
51t h e o t h e r另外一个（两个中的另外一个）
o n e…t h e o t h e r…一个……另一个……t h e o t h e r s剩下的
a n o t h e r另外一个（三个或三个以上中的另外一个）。后接单数名词
a n o t h e r+基数词+名词复数：另外几个
U n i t4
一、语法：直接引语和间接引语
1定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的话。间接引语：由他人转述别人的话。
2直接引语转变成间接引语：
（1）连接词：如果直接引语为陈述句，转变成间接引语，连接词用t h a t（可以省略）；如果直接引语为一般疑问句，转变成间接引语，连接词用w h e t h e r/i f，如果句中有o r n o t,连接词只能用w h e t h e r;如果直接引语为特殊疑问句，转变成间接引语，连接词用该特殊疑问词；如果直接引语为祈使句，转变成间接引语，在祈使句前加t o,(否定祈使句加n o t t o)。
(2)直接引语转变成间接引语，连接词后句子的语序为陈述语序。
（3）时态、时间、地点、人物的转换见教材.
二、短语：
1s o a p o p e r a肥皂剧
2a s u r p r i s e p a r t y一个令人惊奇的聚会
3b e m a d a t=b e a n g r y w i t h对……生气
4h a v e a s u r p r i s e p a r t y举行一个令人惊奇的聚会
5b r i n g s t h t o把某物带来t a k e s t h t o把某物带走
6n o t…a n y m o r e=n o m o r e不再
7w o r k h a r d=s t u d y h a r d努力学习
8f i r s t o f a l l=a t f i r s t首先
9p a s s s t h t o s b=p a s s s b s t h把某物递给某人
10p a s s o n传递
11r e t u r n=g i v e b a c k归还r e t u r n=c o m e b a c k返回来
r e t u r n s t h t o s b把某物归还给某人
12g i v e s t h t o s b=g i v e s b s t h把某物给某人
13b e s u p p o s e d t o d o s t h被期望做某事
14b e h a r d-w o r k i n g努力学习
15b e g o o d a t擅长于
b e g o o d f o r对……有益d o w e l l i n在某方面好
16H o w’s i t g o i n g?一切都好吗？
17h a v e a c o l d感冒
18I’m s o r r y t o h e a r t h a t.听到那件事我感到很遗憾
19b e/k e e p i n g o o d h e a l t h=k e e p f i t/h e a l t h y保持健康
20f i n i s h d o i n g s t h完成做某事e n j o y d o i n g s t h喜欢做某事
21g e t n e r v o u s感到紧张
22T h a t’s a l l就这些
23w a n t s b t o d o s t h向某人做某事
24h a v e a f i g h t w i t h s b与某人打架
25t a l k t o/w i t h s b和某人谈话
26f o r g e t t o d o s t h忘记做某事f o r g e t d o i n g s t h忘记做过某事
27g e t o v e r克服g e t u p起床g e t o f f下车g e t o n上车
28s t a r t a b a d h a b i t开始于一个坏习惯
29动名词(+i n g）作主语时，谓语动词用单数
30o t h e r s=o t h e r p e o p l e其它的人
31s o u n d l i k e f u n听起来好像有趣的事
32s e n d s b t o d o s t h派遣某人做某事s e n d f o r s b派人去请某人s e n d u p发射
33m a k e s b f e e l s i c k使某人感到恶心
34t h r e e t i m e s a d a y一天三次
35n e e d t o d o s t h需要做某事（人作主语）n e e d d o i n g s t h需要做某事（物作主语）36n o t…u n t i l…直到……才……
37l o v e d o i n g s t h喜欢做某事
38b e t w e e n…a n d…在……和……两者之间
39b e a b l e t o d o s t h能做某事
40o p e n u p打开41b e o v e r结束
42c a r e f o r关照
t a k e c a r e o f=l o o k a f t e r照顾
43b e i n d a n g e r处于危险中
U n i t5
一、语法：条件状语从句：
1i f:在宾语从句中译为“是否”；在条件状语从句中译为“如果”
2i f引导的条件状语从句，从句使用一般现在时，主句使用将来时；反之，主句使用将来时，从句使用一般现在时。
二、短语：
1h a v e a g o o d t i m e=h a v e a g r e a t t i m e=h a v e a w o n d e r f u l t i m e=e n j o y o n e s e l f=h a v e f u n 玩得开心
2l e t s b i n/o u t让某人进/出
3b e s o r r y对不起b e l a t e f o r迟到
4s t a y a t h o m e呆在家
5s t u d y f o r t h e t e s t为考试而学习
6a t t h e p a r t y在聚会上
7h a v e a p a r t y举行聚会
8h a l f t h e c l a s s班上一半的人
9w a n t s b t o d o s t h想某人做某事
10r e m e m b e r t o d o s t h记住做某事r e m e m b e r d o i n g s t h记住做过某事
11b r i n g s t h t o把某物带来t a k e s t h t o把某物拿走
12t a k e a w a y拿走
13a s k s b t o d o s t h叫某人做某事
a s k s
b n o t t o d o s t h叫某人不做某事
14d u r i n g t h e p a r t y在舞会期间
15s h o u t a t/t o s b对某人大叫
16l e t’s d o s t h咱们做某事
17w h y n o t…=w h y d o n’t y o u…为什么不
18t h e o l d p e o p l e’s h o m e敬老院
19g o t o c o l l e g e上大学
20a r o u n d t h e w o r l d=a l l o v e r t h e w o r l d=i n t h e w o r l d全世界
21m a k e a l o t o f m o n e y赚钱
22g e t a n e d u c a t i o n接受教育
23w o r k h a r d努力工作
24b e a b l e t o d o s t h能做某事
25m a k e a l i v i n g谋生
26p l a y s p o r t s=d o s p o r t s做运动
27a l l t h e t i m e=a l w a y s一直，总是
28s o m e t i m e s=a t t i m e s有时
29g e t n e r v o u s感到紧张g e t i n j u r e d受到伤害
30h a v e a d i f f i c u l t t i m e d o i n g s t h=h a v e s o m e p r o b l e m s d o i n g s t h做某事有困难
31h a v e f u n d o i n g s t h愉快的做某事
32i n f a c t实际上
33c o m p l a i n a b o u t抱怨
34d e c i d e t o d o s t h决定做某事
35w o r k w i t h s b和某人一起工作
36f i n i s h d o i n g s t h结束做某事
37f o r g e t t o d o s t h忘记做某事f o r g e t d o i n g s t h忘记做过某事
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A. , B. ×, C. ×, D. , 22. ? , I A. , ’t B. ’t, C. , ’t D. , 23. I ? , A. ’t B. ’t C. ’t D. ’t 24. ’t . . A. B. C. D. 25. A. B. C. D. 三、完形填空： a . a ’t . , “ 1 , ’ a . ” , 2 a . . 3 . ’t 4 . . a 5 . , 6 a . 7 . , 8 . , “ a . ” 9 , a 10 . A B C D （）1.
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新人教版八年级下册英语期末测试卷带答案
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