商业银行管理学课后习题答案
商业银行管理彼得S.罗斯第八版课后答案chapter_01
CHAPTER 1AN OVERVIEW OF BANKS AND THE FINANCIAL-SERVICES SECTORGoal of This Chapter: In this chapter you will learn about the many roles financial service providers play in the economy today. You will examine how and why the banking industry and the financial services marketplace as a whole is rapidly changing, becoming new and different as we move forward into the future. You will also learn about new and old services offered to the public.Key Topics in This Chapter•Powerful Forces Reshaping the Industry•What is a Bank?•The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service Institutions•Old and New Services Offered to the Public•Key Trends Affecting All Financial-Service Firms•Appendix: Career Opportunities in Financial ServicesChapter OutlineI. I ntroduction: P owerful Forces Reshaping the IndustryII. W hat Is a Bank?A. D efined by the Functions It Serves and the Roles It Play:B. B anks and their Principal CompetitorsC. Legal Basis of a BankD. D efined by the Government Agency That Insures Its DepositsIII.The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service InstitutionsA.Savings AssociationsB.Credit UnionsC.Money Market FundsD.Mutual FundsE.Hedge FundsF.Security Brokers and DealersG.Investment BankersH.Finance CompaniesI.Financial Holding CompaniesJ.Life and Property/Casualty Insurance CompaniesIV. T he Services Banks and Many of Their Closest Competitors Offer the PublicA. S ervices Banks Have Offered Throughout History1.Carrying Out Currency Exchanges2.Discounting Commercial Notes and Making Business Loans3.Offering Savings Deposits4.Safekeeping of Valuables and Certification of Value5.Supporting Government Activities with Credit6.Offering Checking Accounts (Demand Deposits)7.Offering Trust ServicesB. S ervices Banks and Many of Their Financial-Service Competitors HaveOffered More Recently1.Granting Consumer Loans2.Financial Advising3.Managing Cash4.Offering Equipment Leasing5.Making Venture Capital Loans6.Selling Insurance Policies7.Selling Retirement PlansC. Dealing in Securities: Offering Security Brokerage and Investment Banking Services1. Offering Security Underwriting2. Offering Mutual Funds and Annuities3. Offering Merchant Banking Services4. Offering Risk Management and Hedging ServicesV. Key Trends Affecting All Financial-Service FirmsA. S ervice ProliferationB. R ising CompetitionC. G overnment DeregulationD. A n Increasingly Interest-Sensitive Mix of FundsE. T echnological Change and AutomationF. C onsolidation and Geographic ExpansionG. C onvergenceH. G lobalizationVI. T he Plan of This BookVII. S ummaryConcept Checks1-1. What is a bank? How does a bank differ from most other financial-service providers?A bank should be defined by what it does; in this case, banks are generally those financial institutions offering the widest range of financial services. Other financial service providers offer some of the financial services offered by a bank, but not all of them within one institution.1-2. Under U.S. law what must a corporation do to qualify and be regulated as a commercial bank?Under U.S. law, commercial banks must offer two essential services to qualify as banks for purposes of regulation and taxation, demand (checkable) deposits and commercial loans. More recently, Congress defined a bank as any institution that could qualify for deposit insurance administered by the FDIC.1-3.Why are some banks reaching out to become one-stop financial service conglomerates? Is this a good idea in your opinion?There are two reasons that banks are increasingly becoming one-stop financial service conglomerates. The first reason is the increased competition from other types of financial institution s and the erosion of banks’ traditional service areas. The second reason is the Financial Services Modernization Act which has allowed banks to expand their role to be full service providers.1-4. Which businesses are banking’s closest and toughest com petitors? What services do they offer that compete directly with banks’ services?Among a bank’s closest competitors are savings associations, credit unions, money market funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, security brokers and dealers, investment banks, finance companies, financial holding companies, and life andproperty-casualty insurance companies. All of these financial service providers are converging and embracing each other’s innovations. The Financial Services Modernization Act has allowed many of these financial service providers to offer the public one-stop shopping for financial services.1-5. What is happening to banking’s share of the financial mark etplace and why? What kind of banking and financial system do you foresee for the future if present trends continue?The Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 allowed many of the banks’ closest competitors to offer a wide array of financial services thereby taking away market share from “traditional” banks. Banks and their closest competitors are converging into one-stop shopping for financial services and this trend should continue in the future1-6. What different kinds of services do banks offer the public today? What services do their closest competitors offer?Banks offer the widest range of services of any financial institution. They offer thrift deposits to encourage saving and checkable (demand) deposits to provide a means of payment for purchases of goods and services. They also provide credit through direct loans, by discounting the notes that business customers hold, and by issuing credit guarantees. Additionally, they make loans to consumers for purchases of durable goods, such as automobiles, and for home improvements, etc. Banks also manage the property of customers under trust agreements and manage the cash positions of their business customers. They purchase and lease equipment to customers as an alternative to direct loans. Many banks also assist their customers with buying and selling securities through discount brokerage subsidiaries, the acquisition and sale of foreign currencies, the supplying of venture capital to start new businesses, and the purchase of annuities to supply future funding at retirement or for other long-term projects such as supporting a college education. All of these services are also offered by their closest competitors. Banks and their closest competitors are converging and becoming the financial department stores of the modern era.1-7. What is a financial department store? A universal bank? Why do you think these institutions have become so important in the modern financial system? Financial department store and universal bank refer to the same concept. A financial department store is an institution where banking, fiduciary, insurance, and security brokerage services are unified under one roof. A bank that offers all these services is normally referred to as a universal bank. These have become important because of convergence and changes in regulations that have allowed financial service providers to offer all services under one roof1-8. Why do banks and other financial intermediaries exist in modern society, according to the theory of finance?There are multiple approaches to answering this question. The traditional view of banks as financial intermediaries sees them as simultaneously fulfilling the financial-service needs of savers (surplus-spending units) and borrowers(deficit-spending units), providing both a supply of credit and a supply of liquid assets. A newer view sees banks as delegated monitors who assess and evaluate borrowers on behalf of their depositors and earn fees for supplying monitoring services. Banks also have been viewed in recent theory as suppliers of liquidity andtransactions services that reduce costs for their customers and, through diversification, reduce risk. Banks are also critical in the payment system for goods and services and have played an increasingly important role as a guarantor and a risk management role for customers.1-9. How have banking and the financial services market changed in recent years? What powerful forces are shaping financial markets and institutions today? Which of these forces do you think will continue into the future?Banking is becoming a more volatile industry due, in part, to deregulation which has opened up individual banks to the full force of the financial marketplace. At the same time the number and variety of banking services has increased greatly due to the pressure of intensifying competition from nonbank financial-service providers and changing public demand for more conveniently and reliably provided services. Adding to the intensity of competition, foreign banks have enjoyed success in their efforts to enter countries overseas and attract away profitable domestic business and household accounts.1-10. Can you explain why many of the forces you named in the answer to the previous question have led to significant problems for the management of banks and other financial firms and their stockholders?The net result of recent changes in banking and the financial services market has been to put greater pressure upon their earnings, resulting in more volatile returns to stockholders and an increased bank failure rates. Some experts see banks' role and market share shrinking due to restrictive government regulations and intensifying competition. Institutions have also become more innovative in their service offerings and in finding new sources of funding, such as off-balance-sheet transactions. The increased risk faced by institutions today, therefore, has forced managers to more aggressively utilize a wide array of tools and techniques to improve and stabilize their earnings streams and manage the various risks they face. 1-11. What do you think the financial services industry will look like 20 years from now? What are the implications of your projections for its management today? There appears to be a trend toward continuing consolidation and convergence. There are likely to be fewer financial service providers in the future and many of these will be very large and provide a broad range of financial services under one roof. In addition, global expansion will continue and will be critical to the survival of many financial service providers. Management of financial service providers willhave to be more technologically astute and be able to make a more diverse set of decisions including decisions about mergers, acquisitions and global expansion as well as new services to add to the firm.Problems and Projects1. You have just been hired as the marketing officer for the new First National Bank of Vincent, a suburban banking institution that will soon be serving a local community of 120,000 people. The town is adjacent to a major metropolitan area with a total population of well over 1 million. Opening day for the newly chartered bank is just two months away, and the president and the board of directors are concerned that the new bank may not be able to attract enough depositors and good-quality loan customers to meet its growth and profit projections. There are 18 other financial-service competitors in town, including two credit unions, three finance companies, four insurance agencies, and two security broker offices. Your task is to recommend the various services the bank should offer initially to build up an adequate customer base. You are asked to do the following:a.Make a list of all the services the new bank could offer, according to current regulations.b.List the type of information you will need about the local community tohelp you decide which of the possible services are likely to have sufficientdemand to make them profitable.c.Divide the possible services into two groups--those you think are essentialto customers and should be offered beginning with opening day, and thosethat can be offered later as the bank grows.d. Briefly describe the kind of advertising campaign you would like to run tohelp the public see how your bank is different from all the other financialservice providers in the local area. Which services offered by the nonblankservice providers would be of most concern to the new bank’smanagement?Banks can offer, if they choose, a wide variety of financial services today. These services are listed below. However, unless they are affiliated with a larger bank holding company and can offer some of these services through that company, it may be more limited in what it can offer.Regular Checking Accounts Management Consulting Services NOW Accounts Letters of CreditPassbook Savings Deposits Business Inventory Loans Certificates of Deposit Asset-Based Commercial Loans Money Market Deposits Discounting of Commercial Paper Automobile Loans Plant and Equipment Loans Retirement Savings Plans Venture Capital LoansNonauto Installment Loans to IndividualsResidential Real Estate Loans Leasing Plans for Business Property and EquipmentHome Improvement Loans Security Dealing and Underwriting Personal Trust Management Services Discount Security BrokerageCommercial Trust Services Institutional Trust Services Foreign Currency Trading and ExchangePersonal Financial Advising Personal Cash-Management ServicesInsurance Policy Sales (Mainly Credit-Life)Insurance Today (Except in Some States)) Standby Credit Guarantees Acceptance FinancingTo help the new bank decide which services to offer it would be helpful to gather information about some of the following items in the local community:School Enrollments and Growth in School EnrollmentsEstimated Value of Residential and Commercial PropertyRetail SalesPercentage of Home Ownership Among Residents in the AreaNumber and Size (in Sales and Work Force) of Local Business Establishments Major Population Locations (i.e., Major Subdivisions, etc.) and Any Projected Growth AreasPopulation Demographics (i.e., Age Distribution of the Area)Projected Growth Areas of Industries in the AreaEssential services the bank would probably want to offer right from the beginning includes:Regular Checking Accounts Home Improvement Loans Automobile and other Consumer-type Money Market Deposit Accounts Installment Loans Retirement Savings PlansNOW Accounts Business Inventory LoansPassbook Savings Deposits Discounting of High-QualityCommercial NotesResidential Real Estate LoansCertificates of DepositAs the bank grows, opportunities for the profitable sale of additional services usually increase, especially for trust services for individuals and smaller businesses and personal financial advising as well as some commercial (plant and equipment) loans and leases. Further growth may result in the expansion of commercial trust services as well as a widening variety of commercial loans and credit guarantees.The bank would want to develop an advertising campaign that sends a message to potential customers that the new bank is, indeed, different from its competitors. Small banks often have the advantage of offering highly personalized services in which their customers are known and recognized and services are tailored to each individual customer's special financial needs. Quality and reliability of banking service are often more important to individual customers than is price. A new bank must try to sell prospective customers, most of who will come from other banks in the area, on personalized services, quality, and reliability - all three of which should be emphasized in its advertising program.2. Leading money center banks in the United States have accelerated their investment banking activities all over the globe in recent years, purchasing corporate debt securities and stock from their business customers and reselling those securities to investors in the open market. Is this a desirable move by these banking organizations from a profit standpoint? From a risk standpoint? From the public interest point of view? How would you research their question? If you were managing a corporation that had placed large deposits with a bank engaged in such activities, would you be concerned about the risk to your company's funds? What could you do to better safeguard those funds?In the 1970's and early 1980's investment banking was so profitable that commercial bankers were lured into the investment banking business largely because of its greater profit potential than possessed by more traditional commercial banking activities. Later foreign banks, particularly the British and Japanese banking firms, began to attract away large corporate customers from U.S. banks, who were restrained by regulation from offering many investment banking services. Thus, U.S. banks ran into severe difficulty in simply trying to hold onto their traditional corporate credit and deposit accounts because they could not compete service-wise in the investment banking field. Today, banks are allowed to underwrite securities through either a subsidiary or through a holding company structure. This change occurred as part of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (Financial Services Modernization Act).Unfortunately, if investment banking is more profitable than traditional banking product lines, it is also more risky, consistent with the basic tenet of finance that risk and return are directly related. That is why the Federal Reserve Board has placed such strict limits on the type of organization that can offer these services. Currently, the underwriting of most corporate securities must be done through a subsidiary or as a separate part of the holding company so that, in theory at least, the bank is not responsible for any losses incurred. For this reason there may be little reason for depositors (including large corporate depositors) to be concerned about risk exposure from investment banking. Moreover, the ability to offer such services may make U.S. banks more viable in the long run which helps their corporate customers who depend upon them for credit.On the other hand, opponents of investment banking powers for bank operations inside the U.S. have some reasonable concerns that must be addressed. There are, for example, possible conflicts of interest. Information gathered in the investment banking division could be used to the detriment of customers purchasing other bank services. For example, a customer seeking a loan may be told that he or she must buy securities from the bank's investment banking division in order to receive a loan. Moreover, banks could gain effective control over some nonblank industrial corporations which might subject them to added risk exposure and place industrial firms not allied with banks at a competitive disadvantage. As a result theGramm-Leach-Bliley Act has built in some protections to prevent this from happening.3. The term bank has been applied broadly over the years to include a diverse set of financial-service institutions, which offer different financial service packages.Identify as many o f the different kinds of “banks” as you can. How do the “banks” you have identified compare to the largest banking group of all – the commercial banks? Why do you think so many different financial firms have been called banks? How might this terminological confusion affect financial-service customers?The general public tends to classify anything as a bank that offers some sort of financial service, especially deposit and loan services. Other institutions that are often referred to as a bank without being one are savings associations, credit unions, money market funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, security brokers and dealers, investment banks, finance companies, financial holding companies and life and property/casualty insurance companies. All of these institutions offer some of the services that a commercial bank offers, but generally not the entire scope of services. Since providers of financial services are normally called banks by the general public they are able to take away business from traditional banks and it is of utmost importance for commercial banks to clarify their unique position among financial services providers.4. What advantages can you see to banks affiliating with insurance companies? How might such an affiliation benefit a bank? An insurer? Can you identify any possible disadvantages to such an affiliation? Can you cite any real world examples of bank-insurer affiliations? How well do they appear to have worked out in practice?Before Glass-Steagall banks used to sell insurance services to their customers on a regular basis. in particular, banks would sell life insurance companies to loan customers to ensure repayment of the loan in case of death or disablement. These reasons still exist today and the right to sell insurances to customers again benefits banks in allowing them to offer their customers complete financial packages from financing the home or car to insure it, from giving investment advice to selling life insurance policies and annuities for retirement planning. Generally, a bank customer who is already purchasing a service from a bank might feel compelled to purchase an insurance product, as well. On the other hand, insurance companies sometimes have a negative image, which makes it more difficult to sell certain insurance products. Combining their products with the trust that people generally have in banks will make it easier for them to sell their products. The most prominent example of a bank-insurer affiliation is the merger of Citicorp and Traveler’s Insurance to Citigroup. However, given that Citigroup has sold Traveler’s Insurance indicates that the anticipated synergy effects did not materialize.5. Explain the difference between consolidation and convergence. Are these trends in banking and financial services related? Do they influence each other? How? Consolidation refers to increase in the size of financial institutions and the decline in the number of small independently owned banks and financial service providers. Convergence is the bringing together of firms from different industries to createconglomerate firms offering multiple services. Clearly, these two trends are related. In their effort to compete with each other, banks and their closest competitors have acquired other firms in their industry as well across industries to provide multiple financial services in multiple markets.6. What is a financial intermediary? What are their key characteristics? Is a bank a type of financial intermediary? Why? What other financial-services companies are financial intermediaries? What important role within the financial system do financial intermediaries play?A financial intermediary is a business that interacts with deficit spending individuals and institutions and surplus spending individuals and institutions. For that reason any financial service provider (including banks) is considered a financial intermediary. In their function as intermediaries they act as a bridge between the deficit and surplus spending units by offering financial services to the surplus spending individuals and then loaning those funds to the deficit spending individuals. Financial intermediaries accelerate economic growth by increasing the pool of available funds and lowering the risk of investments through diversification.。
商业银行管理 ROSE 7e 课后答案chapter_06
MEASURING AND EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF BANKS AND THEIRPRINCIPAL COMPETITORSGoal of This Chapter: The purpose of this chapter is to discover what analytical tools can be applied to a bank’s financial statements so that management and t he public can identify the most critical problems inside each bank and develop ways to deal with those problemsKey Topics in This ChapterStock Values and Profitability RatiosMeasuring Credit, Liquidity, and Other RisksMeasuring Operating EfficiencyPerformance of Competing Financial FirmsSize and Location EffectsThe UBPR and Comparing PerformanceChapter OutlineI. Introduction:II. Evaluating a Bank's PerformanceA. Determining Long-Range ObjectivesB. Maximizing The Value of the Firm: A Key Objective for Nearly AllFinancial-Service InstitutionsC. Profitability Ratios: A Surrogate for Stock Values1. Key Profitability Ratios2. Interpreting Profitability RatiosD. Useful Profitability Formulas for Banks and Other Financial Service CompaniesE. Breaking Down Equity Returns for Closer AnalysisF. Break-Down Analysis of the Return on AssetsG. What a Breakdown of Profitability Measures Can Tell UsH. Measuring Risk in Banking and Financial Services1. Credit Risk2. Liquidity Risk3. Market Risk4. Interest-Rate Risk5. Operational Risk6. Legal and Compliance Risk7. Reputation Risk8. Strategic Risk9. Capital RiskI. Other Goals in Banking and Financial Services ManagementIV. The Impact of Size on PerformanceA. Size, Location and Regulatory Bias in Analyzing The Performance of Banks andCompeting Financial InstitutionsB. Using Financial Ratios and Other Analytical Tools to Track BankPerformance--The UBPR.V. Summary of the ChapterAppendix to the Chapter - Improving the Performance of Financial Firms Through Knowledge: Sources of Information on the Financial-Services IndustryConcept Checks6-1. Why should banks and other corporate financial firms be concerned about their level of profitability and exposure to risk?Banks in the U.S. and most other countries are private businesses that must attract capital from the public to fund their operations. If profits are inadequate or if risk is excessive, they will have greater difficulty in obtaining capital and their funding costs will grow, eroding profitability. Bank stockholders, depositors, and bank examiners representing the regulatory community are all interested in the quality of bank performance. The stockholders are primarily concerned with profitability as a key factor in determining their total return from holding bank stock, while depositors (especially large corporate depositors) and examiners typically focus on bank risk exposure.6-2. What individuals or groups are likely to be interested in these dimensions of performance for a bank or other financial institution?The individuals or groups likely to be interested in bank profitability and risk include other banks lending to a particular bank, borrowers, large depositors, holders of long-term debt capital issued by banks, bank stockholders, and the regulatory community.6-3. What factors influence the stock price of a financial-services corporation?A bank's stock price is affected by all those factors affecting its profitability and risk exposure, particularly its rate of return on equity capital and risk to shareholder earnings. A bank can raise its stock price by creating an expectation in the minds of investors of greater earnings in the future, by lowering the bank's perceived risk exposure, or by a combination of increases in expected earnings and reduced risk.6-4. Suppose that a bank is expected to pay an annual dividend of $4 per share on its stock in the current period and dividends are expected to grow 5 percent a year every year, and the minimum required return to equity capital based on the bank's perceived level of risk is 10 percent. Can you estimate the current value of the bank's stock?P o = D1 / (k – g) = $4 / (0.10 – 0.05) = $80.6-5. What is return on equity capital and what aspect of performance is it supposed to measure? Can you see how this performance measure might be useful to the managers of financial firms?Return on equity capital is the ratio of Net Income/Total Equity Capital. It represents the rate of return earned on the funds invested in the bank by its stockholders. Financial firms have stockholders, too who are interested in the return on the funds that they invested.6-6 Suppose a bank reports that its net income for the current year is $51 million, its assets totally $1,144 million, and its liabilities amount to $926 million. What is its return on equity capital? Is the ROE you have calculated good or bad? What information do you need to answer this last question?The bank's return on equity capital should be:ROE = Net Income = $51 million = .098 or 9.8 percentEquity Capital $1,444 mill.-$926 mill.In order to evaluate the performance of the bank, you have to compare the ROE to the ROE of some major competitors or some industry average.6-7 What is the return on assets (ROA), and why is it important? Might the ROA measure be important to banking’s key competitor s?Return on assets is the ratio of Net Income/Total Assets. The rate of return secured on a bank's total assets indicates the efficiency of its management in generating net income from all of the resources (assets) committed to the institution. This would be important to banks and their major competitors.6-8. A bank estimates that its total revenues will amount to $155 million and its total expenses (including taxes) will equal $107 million this year. Its liabilities total $4,960 million while its equity capital amounts to $52 million. What is the bank's return on assets? Is this ROA high or low? How could you find out?The bank's return on assets would be:ROA = Net Income = $155 mill. - $107 mill. = 0.0096 or 0.96 percent Total Assets $4,960 mill. + $52 mill.location to determine if this bank's ROA is high or low relative to the average forcomparable banks.6-9. Why do the managers of financial firms often pay close attention today to the net interest margin and noninterest margin? To the earnings spread?The net interest margin (NIM) indicates how successful the bank has been in borrowing funds from the cheapest sources and in maintaining an adequate spread between its returns on loans and security investments and the cost of its borrowed funds. If the NIM rises, loan and security income must be rising or the average cost of funds must be falling or both. A declining NIM is undesirable because the bank's interest spread is being squeezed, usually because of rising interest costs on deposits and other borrowings and because of increased competition today.In contrast, the noninterest margin reflects the banks spread between its noninterest income (such as service fees on deposits) and its noninterest expenses (especially salaries and wages and overhead expenses). For most banks the noninterest margin is negative. Management will usually attempt to expand fee income, while controlling closely the growth of noninterest expenses in order to make a negative noninterest margin less negative.The earnings spread measures the effectiveness of the bank's intermediation function of borrowing and lending money, which, of course, is the bank's primary way of generating earnings. As competition increases, the spread between the average yields on assets and the average cost of liabilities will be squeezed, forcing the bank's management to search for alternative sources of income, such as fees from various services the bank offers.6-10. Suppose a banker tells you that his bank in the year just completed had total interest expenses on all borrowings of $12 million and noninterest expense of $5 million, while interest income from earning assets totaled $16 million and noninterest revenues added to a total of $2 million. Suppose further that assets amounted to $480 million of which earning assets represented 85 percent of total assets, while total interest-bearing liabilities amounted to 75 percent of total assets. See if you can determine this bank's net interest and noninterest margins and its earnings base and earnings spread for the most recent year.The bank's net interest and noninterest margins must be:Net Interest = $16 mill. - $12 mill. Noninterest = $2 mill. - $5 mill.Margin $480 mill. Margin $480 mill.=.00833 = -.00625Earnings = $16 mill. - $12 mill.Spread $480 mill * 0.85 $480 mill. * 0.75= .0392 =.0333Earnings Base = $480 mill. - $480 mill. * 0.15 = 0.85 or 85 percent$480 mill.6-11. What are the principal components of ROE and what do each of these components measure?The principal components of ROE are:a. The net profit margin or net after-tax income to operating revenues which reflects the effectiveness of a bank's expense control program;b. The degree of asset utilization or ratio of operating revenues to total assets which measures the effectiveness of managing the bank's assets, especially the loan portfolio; and,c. The equity multiplier or ratio of total assets to total equity capital which measures a bank's use of leverage in funding its operations.6-12. Suppose a bank has an ROA of 0.80 percent and an equity multiplier of 12x. What is its ROE? Suppose this bank's ROA falls to 0.60 percent. What size equity multiplier must it have to hold its ROE unchanged?The bank's ROE is:ROE = 0.80 percent *12 = 9.60 percent.If ROA falls to 0.60 percent, the bank's ROE and equity multiplier can be determined from: ROE = 9.60% = 0.60 percent * Equity MultiplierEquity Multiplier = 9.60 percent = 16x.0.60 percent6-13. Suppose a bank reports net income of $12, before-tax net income of $15, operating revenues of $100, assets of $600, and $50 in equity capital. What is the bank's ROE?Tax-management efficiency indicator? Expense control efficiency indicator? Asset management efficiency indicator? Funds management efficiency indicator?ROE = 50$12$ = 0.24 or 24 percentIts tax-management, expense control, asset management, and funds management efficiency indicators are:Tax Management = $12 Expense Control = $15Efficiency indicator $15 Efficiency Indicator $100= .8 or 80 percent =.15 or 15 percentAsset Management = $100 Funds Management = $600Efficiency Indicator $600 Efficiency Indicator $50= 0.1666 or 16.67 percent = 12 x6-14. What are the most important components of ROA and what aspects of a financialinstitution’s performance do they reflect?The principal components of ROA are:a. Total Interest Income Less Total Interest Expense divided by Total Assets, measuring a bank's success at intermediating funds between borrowers and lenders;b. Provision for Loan Losses divided by Total Assets which measures management's ability to control loan losses and manage a bank's tax exposure;c. Noninterest Income less Noninterest Expenses divided by Total Assets, which indicates the ability of management to control salaries and wages and other noninterest costs and generate tee income;d. Net Income Before Taxes divided by Total Assets, which measures operating efficiency and expense control; ande. Applicable Taxes divided by Total Assets, which is an index of tax management effectiveness.6-15. If a bank has a net interest margin of 2.50%, a noninterest margin of -1.85%, and a ratio of provision for loan losses, taxes, security gains, and extraordinary items of -0.47%, what is its ROA?The bank's ROA must be:ROA = 2.50 percent - 1.85 percent - 0.47 percent = 0.18 percenttoday?a. Credit Risk -- the probability that loans and securities the bank holds will not pay out as promised.b. Liquidity Risk -- the probability the bank will not have sufficient cash on hand in the volume needed precisely when cash demands arise.c. Market Risk -- the probability that the value of assets held by the bank will decline due to falling market prices.d. Interest-Rate Risk - the possibility or probability interest rates will change, subjecting the bank to lower profits or a lower value for the firm’s capital.e. Operational Risk – the uncertainly regarding a fina ncial firm’s earnings due to failures in computer systems, employee misconduct, floods, lightening strikes and other similar events.f. Legal and Compliance Risk –the uncertainty regarding a financial firm’s earnings due to actions taken by our legal system or due to a violation of rules and regulationsg. Reputation Risk – the uncertainty due to public opinion or the variability in earnings due to positive or negative publicity about the financial firmh. Strategic Risk – the uncertainty in earnings due to adverse business decisions, lack or responsiveness to changes and other poor decisions by managementi. Capital Risk – the risk that the value of the assets will decline below the value of the liabilities. All of the other risks listed above can affect earnings and the value of the assets and liabilities and therefore can have an effect on the capital position of the firm.6-17. What items on a bank's balance sheet and income statement can be used to measure its risk exposure? To what other financial institutions do these risk measures apply?There are several alternative measures of risk in banking and financial service firms. Capital risk is often measured by bank capital ratios, such as the ratio of total capital to total assets or total capital to risk assets. Credit risk can be tracked by such ratios as net loan losses to total loans or relative to total capital. Liquidity risk can be followed by using such ratios as cash assets to total assets or by total loans to total assets. Interest-rate risk may be indicated by such ratios as interest-sensitive liabilities to interest-sensitive assets or the ratio of money-market borrowings to money-market assets.its assets total $1,324 million, its equity capital amounts to $110 million, and it holds $1,150 million in deposits, all expressed in book value. The estimated market values of the bank's total assets and equity capital are $1,443 million and $130 million, respectively. The bank's stock is currently valued at $60 per share with annual per-share earnings of $2.50. Uninsured deposits amount to $243 million and money market borrowings total $132 million, while nonperforming loans currently amount to $43 million and the bank just charged off $21 million in loans. Calculate as many of the bank's risk measures as you can from the foregoing data.Net Loans and Leases = $936 mill. Uninsured Deposits $243 mill.Total Assets $1,324 mill. Total Deposits $1,150 mill.0.7069 or 70.69 percent 0.2113 or 21.13 percentEquity Capital = $130 mill. Stock Price $60Total Assets $1,443 mill. Earnings Per Share $2.50= 0.0901 or 9.01 percent = 24 XNonperforming Assets = $43 mill. =0.0459 or 4.59 percent Net Loans and Leases $936 mill.Charge-offs of loans = $21 Purchased Funds = $243 mill. + $132 mill. Total Loans and Leases $936 Total Liabilities $1,324 mill. - $110 mill.=.0224 or 2.24 percent .3089 or 30.89 percentBook Value of Assets = $1324 =0.9175 or 91.75 percent Market Value of Assets $1443Problems6-1. An investor holds the stock of First National Bank of Imoh and expects to receive adividend of $12 per share at the end of the year. Stock analysts have recently predicted that the bank’s dividends will grow at approximately 3 percent a year indefinitely into the future. If this is true, and if the appropriate risk-adjusted cost of capital (discount rate) for the bank is 15 percent, wha t should be the current stock price per share of Imoh’s stock?10D $12P $100r-g .15.03===-pay a dividend of $3 per share on its common stock at the end of the year; a dividend of $4.50 per share is expected for the next year and $6 per share in the following year. The risk-adjusted cost of capital for banks in Poquoson’s risk class is 17 percent. If an investor holding Poquoson’s stock plans to hold that stock for only three years and hopes to sell it at a price of $55 per share, what should the value of the bank’s stock be in today’s market?0233$3.00$4.50$6.00$55P $43.94(1.17)(1.17)(1.17)(1.17)=+++=++++P 0 = $43.94 per share.6-3 Depositors Savings Association has a ratio of equity capital to total assets of 7.5 percent. In contrast, Newton Savings reports an equity capital to asset ratio of 6 percent. What is the value of the equity multiplier for each of these institutions? Suppose that both institutions have an ROA of 0.85 percent. What must each institution’s return on equity capital be? What do your calculations tell you about the benefits of having as little equity capital as regulations or the marketplace will allow?Depositors Savings Association has an equity-to-asset ratio of 7.5 percent which means its equity multiplier must be:1/ (Equity Capital / Assets) = Assets EquityCapital= 1 / 0.075 = 13.33x In contrast, Newton Savings has an equity multiplier of:1/ (Equity Capital / Assets) = 10.06= 16.67xWith an ROA of 0.85 percent Depositors Savings Association would have an ROE of:ROE = 0.85 x 13.33x = 11.33 percent.With an ROA of .85 percent Newton Savings would have an ROE of:ROE = 0.85 x 16.67x = 14.17 percentIn this case Newton Savings is making greater use of financial leverage and is generating a higher return on equity capital.National Bank are as shown in the following tables:Galloping Merchants National BankInterest Fees on Loans $65Interest Dividends on Securities 12Total Interest Income 77Interest Paid on Deposits 49Interest on Nondeposit Borrowings 6Total Interest Expense 55Net Interest Income 22Provision for Loan Losses 2Noninterest Income and Fees 7Noninterest Expenses:Salaries and Employee Benefits 12Overhead Expenses 5Other Noninterest Expenses 3Total Noninterest Expenses 20Net Noninterest Income -13Pre Tax Operating Income 7Securities Gains (or Losses) 1Pre Tax Net Operating Income 8Taxes 1Net Operating Income 7Net Extraordinary Income -1Net Income $6FTE 40Galloping Merchants National BankReport of ConditionCash and Due From Banks $100 Demand Deposits $190Investment Securities $150 Savings Deposts $180Federal Funds Sold $10 Time Deposits $470Net Loans $670 Federal Funds Purch $69(ALL 25) Total Liabilities $900(Unearned Income 5) Common Stock $20Plant and Equipment $50 Surplus $25Retained Earnings $35 Total Assets $980 Total Ca $80Total Earnings Assets $830 Interest Bearing $650Fill in the missing items on the income and expense statement. Using these statements, calculate the following performance measures:Net Income $6ROE = .075 or 7.5%Total Equity Capital $80==Net Income $6ROA = .00612 or .612%Total Assets $980==Net Interest Income $22Net Interest Margin = .0224 or 2.24%Total Assets $980==-$13Net Noninterest Margin = .0133 or -1.33 percent $980=-Total Operating Revenues - Total Operating Expenses $84$77Net Operating Margin = .00714 or .714%Total Assets $980-==Total Interest Income Total Interest Expenses $77$55Earnings Spread = .01531 or 1.53 %Total Earnings Assets Total Interest Bearing Liabilities $830$710-=-=Net Income $6Net Profit Margin = .0714 or 7.14 percent Total Operating Revenues $84==Total Operating Revenues $84Asset Utilization = .0857 or 8.57%Total Assets $980==Total Assets $980Equity Multiplier = 12.25Total Equity Capital $80x ==85.7%or 857.7$6$Incom e Operating Net Tax Pre Incom e Net Efficiency Managem ent Tax ===8.33%or 0833.84$7$Revenue Operating Total Incom e Operating Net Tax Pre Efficiency Control Ex pense ===Total Operating Revenues $84Asset Management Efficiency Ratio = .0857 or 8.57%Total Assets $980==Funds Management Efficiency Ratio =12.25Total Equity Capital $80x ==91.76%or 9176.gains) securities (including 85$ tax es)(including 78$Revenues Operating Total Ex penses Operating Total Ratio Efficiency Operating ===6-5. The following information is for Shallow National BankInterest Income $2,100 Interest Expense $1,400 Total Assets $30,000 Securities Gains (losses) $21 Earning Assets $25,000 Total Liabilities $27,000 Taxes Paid $16 Shares of Common Stock 5,000 Noninterest income $700 Noninterest Expense $900 Provision for Loan Losses $100ROE = $405 ROA = $405 $30,000 - $27,000 $30,0000.135 or 13.5 percent0.0135 or 1.35 percentEarnings =$405 = $.081 per sharePer Share5000Net Interest = $2100 - $1400 = $700 = 0.028 or 2.8 percentMargin $25,000 $25,000Net Noninterest = $700 - $900 = -$200= 0.008or .8 percentMargin $25,000 $25,000Net Operating = ($2100 + $700) – ($1,400 + $900 + $100)= $400 =0.0133 or 1.33 percent Margin $30,000$30,000Suppose interest income, interest expenses, noninterest income, and noninterest expenses each increase by 5 percent, with all other items remaining unchanged.Interest Income $2,205Interest Expense $1,470Total Assets $30,000Securities Gains (losses) $21Earning Assets $25,000Total Liabilities $27,000Taxes Paid $16Shares of Common Stock 5,000Noninterest income $735Noninterest Expense $945Provision for LoanLosses $100ROE = $430 ROA = $430$30,000 - $27,000 $30,0000.1433 or 14.33 percent 0.0143 or 1.43 percentEarnings = $430 = $.086 per sharePer Share 5000Net Interest = $2205 - $1470 = $735 = 0.0294 or 2.94 percentMargin $25,000 $25,000Net Noninterest = $735 - $945 = -$210 = 0.0084 or .84 percentMargin $25,000 $25,000Net Operating = ($2205 + $735) – ($1,470 + $945 + $100) = $425 =0.0142 or 1.42 percent Margin $30,000 $30,000On the other hand, suppose Shallow’s interest income, interest expenses, noninterest income, and noninterest expenses decline by 5 percent, again with all other factors held equal. How would the bank’s ROE, ROA and per share earnings change?Interest Income $1995Interest Expense $1,330Total Assets $30,000Securities Gains (losses) $21Earning Assets $25,000Total Liabnilities $27,000Taxes Paid $16Shares of Common Stock 5,000Noninterest income $665Noninterest Expense $855Provision for LoanLosses $100ROE = $380 ROA = $380$30,000 - $27,000 $30,0000.1267 or 12.67 percent 0.0127 or 1.27 percentEarnings = $380 = $.076 per sharePer Share 5000Net Interest = $1995 - $1330 = $665 = 0.0266 or 2.66 percentMargin $25,000 $25,000Net Noninterest = $665 - $855 = -$190 = 0.0076 or .76 percentMargin $25,000 $25,000Net Operating = ($1995 + $665) – ($1,330 + $855 + $100) = $375 =0.0125 or 1.25 percent Margin $30,000 $30,0006-6. Blue and White National Bank holds total assets of $1.69 billion and equity capital of $139 million a nd has just posted an ROA of 1.1 percent. What is this bank’s ROE?:ROE = ROA * Total AssetsEquity Capital = 0.011 * $1,690$139= 0.1337 or 13.37%R0A increases by 50%, with no change in assets or equity capital.Therefore, the new ROA = 0.011 * 1.5 = 0.0165 or 1.65%.New ROE = 1.65% * 12.16 = 20.06%This represents a 50% increase in ROE. With no changes in assets or equity, the investors' funds are more effectively utilized, generating additional income and making the bank more profitable. Alternative Scenario 2:ROA decreases by 50%, with no change in equity or assets.Therefore, the new ROA = 0.011 * 0.5 = 0.0055 or 0.55%.New ROE = 0.55% * 12.16 = 6.69%This represents a 50% decrease in ROE. The bank's management has been less efficient, in this case, in managing their lending and/or investing functions or their operating costs.Alternative Scenario 3:ROA = 0.011 or 1.1% (as in the original problem)Total assets double in size to $3.38 billion and equity capital doubles in size to $278 million. Therefore, the equity multiplier (i.e. total assets/equity capital) remains the same (E.M. =$3,380/$278 = 12.16). As a result, there is no change in ROE from the original situation (i.e.), 1.1% * 12.16 = 13.38%).Alternative Scenario 4:This, of course, is just the reverse of scenario 3. Since the changes in both assets and equity capital are the same, the ratio of the two (i.e., the equity multiplier) remains constant. As a result, there is again no change in ROE.E.M. = Total Assets/Equity Capital = $845/$69.5 = 12.16.Therefore, ROE = 1.1% * 12.16 = 13.38%.6-7. Monarch State Bank reports total operating revenues of $135 million, with total operating expenses of $121 million, and owes taxes of $2 million. It has total assets of $1.00 billion and total liabilities of $900 million and has just posed an ROA of 1.1o percent. What is the bank’s ROE? Net Income after Taxes = $135 million -$121 million -$2 million = $12 millionEquity Capital = $1.00 billion - $900 million = $100 millionROE = Net Income after Taxes= $12 million / $100 million = 0.12 or 12%.Equity CapitalAlternative Scenario 1: How will the ROE for Monarch State Bank change if total operating expenses, taxes and total operating revenues each grow by 10 percent while assets and liabilitiesstay fixed.Total revenues = $135 million * 1.10 = $148.5 millionTotal expenses = $121 million * 1.10 = $133.1 millionTax liability = $2 million * 1.10 = $2.2 millionNet Income after Taxes = $148.5 - $133.1 - $2.2 = $13.2 millionROE = $13.2 million/$100 million = 0.132 or 13.2%Change in ROE = (13.2%-12%)/12% = 10%Alternative Scenario 2: Suppose Monarch State’s total assets and total liabilities increase by 10 percent, but its revenues and expenses (including taxes) are unchanged. How will the bank’s ROE change?Total assets increase by 10% (Total assets = $ 1.0 * 1.10 = $1.1 billion)Total liabilities increase by 10% (Total liabilities = $900 million * 1.10 = $990Revenues and expenses (including taxes) remain unchanged.Solution: Equity Capital = $1.1 billion - $990 million = $110 millionROE = $12 = .1091$110 10.91 percentTherefore change in ROE = 10.91% - 12% = -1.09% = -.0908%12% 12% (ROE decreases by 9.08%)Alternative Scenario 3: Can you determine what will happen to ROE if both operating revenuesand expenses (including taxes) decline by 10 percent, with the bank’s total assets and liabilitiesheld constant?Total revenues decline by 10% (Total revenues = $135 million * 0.90 = $121.5 million)Total expenses decline by 10% (Total expenses = $121 million * 0.9 = $108.9 million)Tax liability declines by 10% (Tax liability = $2 * 0.9 = $1.8 million)Assets and liabilities remain unchanged (Therefore, equity remains unchanged)ROE = $10.8 million = 0.108 = 10.8%$100 millionTherefore change in ROE = 10.8% - 12% = -1.2% = -.1012% 12% (ROE decreases by 10%) Alternative Scenario 4: What does ROE become if Monarch State’s assets and liabilitie s decreaseby 10 percent, while its operating revenues, taxes and operating expenses do not change?Total assets = $1.0 billion * 0.9 = $900 millionTotal liabilities = $900 million * 0.9 =$810 millionEquity capital = $900 million - $810 million = $90 millionROE = $12 = .1333$90 13.33 percent6-8. Suppose a stockholder owned thrift institution is projected to achieve a 1.25 percent ROA during the coming year. What must its ratio of total assets to total equity capital be if it is to achieveits target ROE of 12 percent? If ROA unexpectedly falls to .75 percent, what assets-to-capital ratio must it then have to reach a 12 percent ROE?ROE = ROA * (Total Assets/Equity Capital)Total Assets = ROE = 12% = 9.6 xEquity Capital ROA 1.25%If ROA unexpectedly falls to 0.75% and target ROE remains 12%:12% = .75% * Total AssetsEquity CapitalTotal Assets = 12% =16 xEquity Capital .75%。
《商业银行管理学》课后习题参考答案
《商业银行管理学》习题参考答案第一章1．金融制度对现代经济体系的运行起到了什么作用？（1）配置功能（2）节约功能（3）激励功能（4）调节功能2．商业银行在整个金融体系中有哪些功能？（1）金融服务功能（2）信用创造功能3．美国、英国、日本和德国的商业银行制度特征是什么？比较英美和日德的银行制度差异。
美国：是金融制度创新和金融产品创新的中心，拥有健全的法律法规对银行进行管制；竞争的激烈，使得美国商业银行具有完善的管理体系和较高的管理水平；受到双重银行体系的管制，即联邦和州权力机构都掌握着管制银行的权利。
英国：成立最早，经验丰富，实行分支行制；银行系统种类齐全、数量众多，按英国的分类，英国的银行主要包括清算银行，商人银行，贴现行，其他英国银行和海外银行等机构；不存在正式的制度化的银行管理机构，惟一的监管机构是作为中央银行的英格兰银行；典型的实行分业经营的国家。
日本：货币的统一发行集中到中央银行－日本银行；商业银行按区域划分的，具体可分为两大类型，即都市银行和地方银行；受到广泛的政府管制；二战前仿效英国业务分离的做法，之后随着环境的变化和经济的发展日本银行从1998年开始实行混业经营。
德国：由统一的中央银行－德意志联邦银行，统一发行货币，且德意志联邦银行被认为是欧洲各国中最具有独立性的中央银行。
德国银行高度集中，实行全能化的银行制度，密集程度是欧盟各国中最高的。
区别：英美在其业务上侧重存款的管理，而日德则侧重在贷款方面。
英美制度完善，有利于银行之间的竞争，日德法律体系发展相对缓慢。
4．根据你对我国银行业的认识，讨论我国银行业在国民经济中的地位以及制度特征。
答：地位：（1）我国的商业银行已成为整个国民经济活动的中枢（2）我国的商业银行的业务活动对全社会的货币供给具有重要影响（3）商业银行已经成为社会经济活动的信息中心（4）商业银行已经成为国家实施宏观经济政策的重要途径和基础（5）商业银行成了社会资本运动的中心制度特征：建立商业银行原则，有利于银行竞争，有利于保护银行体系安全与稳定，使银行保持适当规模。
商业银行管理学课后题答案
第一章商业银行：商业银行是以追求利润最大化为目标，以多种金融欠债筹集资本，以多种金融财富为其经营对象，能利用欠债进行信用创建，并向客户供应多功能、综合性服务的金融公司。
信用中介：是指商业银行经过欠债业务，把社会上各样闲散钱币资本集中到银行，经过财富业务，把它投向需要资本的各部门，充任有闲置资本者和资本欠缺者之间的中介人，实现资本的融通。
作用：使闲散的钱币转变为资本、使闲置资本获取充分利用、续短为长，知足这会对长久资本的需要。
支付中介：是指商业银行利用活期存款账户，为客户办理各样钱币结算、钱币收付、钱币兑换和转移存款等业务活动。
CAMELS：美国联邦贮备委员会对商业银行看管的分类检查制度，这种分类检查制度的主要内容是把商业银行接受检查的范围分为六大类：资本（ capital）、财富（ asset ）、管理（ management）、利润（ earning ）、流动性（ liquidity）和对市场风险的敏感性（ sensitivity）。
分行制：分行制银行是指那些在总行之下，可在当地或外处设有若干分支机构，并能够从事银行业务的商业银行。
这种商业银行的总部一般都设在多半市，部下所有分支行须由总行领导指挥。
长处：第一，有益于银行汲取存款，有益于银行扩大资本总数和经营规模，能获得规模经济效益。
第二，便于银履行用现代化管理手段和设施，提升服务质量，加快资本周转速度。
第三有益于银行调理资本、转移信用、分别和减少多种风险。
第四，总专家数少，有益于国家控制和管理，其业务经营受地方政府干涉小。
第五，因为资本根源宽泛，有益于提升银行的竞争实力。
弊端：简单加快垄断的形成；并且因为其规模大，内部层次许多，使银行管理的难度增添等。
流动性：指财富变现的能力，商业银行保持随时能以适合的价钱去的可用资本的能力，以便随时对付客户提存以及银行其余支付的需要。
其权衡指标有两个：一是财富变现的成本，二是财富变现的速度。
4.成立商业银行制度的基根源则有哪些？为何要确定这些原则？答：（一）有益于银行业竞争。
《商业银行经营管理》习题及答案
精心整理商业银行经营管理》综合练习一、单项选择题（下列每小题的备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选、不选均不得分。
本题共45个小题，每小题1分）1.近代银行业产生于（）。
A.英国B.美国C.意大利D.德国【答案】C2.1694年英国政府为了同高利贷作斗争，以满足新生的资产阶级发展工业和商业的需要，决定成立一家股份制银行（）。
A.英格兰银行B.曼切斯特银行C.汇丰银行D.利物浦银行【答案】A3.现代商业银行的最初形式是（）。
A•股份制银行B.资本主义商业银行C•高利贷性质银行D.封建主义银行【答案】B4.1897年在上海成立的（）标志着中国现代银行的产生。
A.交通银行B.浙江兴业银行C.中国通商银行D.北洋银行【答案】C5.（）是商业银行最基本也是最能反映其经营活动特征的职能。
A.信用中介B.支付中介C.清算中介D.调节经济的功能【答案】A精心整理6.单一银行制度主要存在于（）。
A.英国B.美国C.法国D.中国【答案】B7.商业银行的经营对象是（）。
A.金融资产和负债B.一般商品C.商业资本D•货币资金【答案】D8.对于发行普通股，下面的表述错误的是（）。
A.发行成本比较高B.对商业银行的股东权益产生稀释作用C.资金成本总要高于优先股和债券D•总资本收益率下降时，会产生杠杆作用【答案】D9.附属资本不包括（）。
A.未公开储备B.股本C.重估储备D.普通准备金【答案】B10.总资本与风险加权资本的比率不得低于（）。
A.7%B.8%C.9%D.10%【答案】B11.年初的资本/资产=8%，各种资产为10亿元，年末的比例仍为8%，年末的未分配收益为0.2亿元，银行的适度资本为（）。
A.12.5B.10C.10.2D.12.7【答案】A12.商业银行最主要的负债是（）。
A.借款精心整理C.各项存款D.资本【答案】C13.商业银行的（）是整个银行体系创造存款货币的基础。
A.资产B.负债C.所有者权益D.资本【答案】B14.某银行通过5%的利率吸收100万新存款，银行估计如果提供利率为5.5%,可筹资150万存款，若提供6%的利率可筹资200万元存款，若提供6.5%的利率可筹集250万存款，若提供7%利率可筹300万存款，而银行的贷款收益率为8.5%，贷款利率不随贷款量增加而增加，贷款利率是贷款边际收益率。
商业银行管理彼得S.罗斯第八版课后答案chapter_01
商业银行管理彼得S.罗斯第八版课后答案chapter_01CHAPTER 1AN OVERVIEW OF BANKS AND THE FINANCIAL-SERVICES SECTORGoal of This Chapter: In this chapter you will learn about the many roles financial service providers play in the economy today. You will examine how and why the banking industry and the financial services marketplace as a whole is rapidly changing, becoming new and different as we move forward into the future. You will also learn about new and old services offered to the public.Key Topics in This ChapterPowerful Forces Reshaping the IndustryWhat is a Bank?The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service InstitutionsOld and New Services Offered to the PublicKey Trends Affecting All Financial-Service FirmsAppendix: Career Opportunities in Financial ServicesChapter OutlineI. I ntroduction: P owerful Forces Reshaping the IndustryII. W hat Is a Bank?A. D efined by the Functions It Serves and the Roles It Play:B. B anks and their Principal CompetitorsC. Legal Basis of a BankD. D efined by the Government Agency That Insures Its DepositsIII.The Financial System and Competing Financial-Service InstitutionsA.Savings AssociationsB.Credit UnionsC.Money Market FundsD.Mutual FundsE.Hedge FundsF.Security Brokers and DealersG.Investment BankersH.Finance CompaniesI.Financial Holding CompaniesJ.Life and Property/Casualty Insurance CompaniesIV. T he Services Banks and Many of Their Closest Competitors Offer the PublicA. S ervices Banks Have Offered Throughout History1.Carrying Out Currency Exchanges2.Discounting Commercial Notes and Making Business Loans3.Offering Savings Deposits4.Safekeeping of Valuables and Certification of Value5.Supporting Government Activities with Credit6.Offering Checking Accounts (Demand Deposits)7.Offering Trust ServicesB. S ervices Banks and Many of Their Financial-Service Competitors HaveOffered More Recently1.Granting Consumer Loans2.Financial Advising3.Managing Cash4.Offering Equipment Leasing5.Making Venture Capital Loans6.Selling Insurance Policies7.Selling Retirement PlansC. Dealing in Securities: Offering Security Brokerage and Investment Banking Services1. Offering Security Underwriting2. Offering Mutual Funds and Annuities3. Offering Merchant Banking Services4. Offering Risk Management and Hedging ServicesV. Key Trends Affecting All Financial-Service FirmsA. S ervice ProliferationB. R ising CompetitionC. G overnment DeregulationD. A n Increasingly Interest-Sensitive Mix of FundsE. T echnological Change and AutomationF. C onsolidation and Geographic ExpansionG. C onvergenceH. G lobalizationVI. T he Plan of This BookVII. S ummaryConcept Checks1-1. What is a bank? How does a bank differ from most other financial-service providers?A bank should be defined by what it does; in this case, banks are generally those financial institutions offering the widest range of financial services. Other financial service providers offer some of the financial services offered by a bank, but not all of them within one institution.1-2. Under U.S. law what must a corporation do to qualify and be regulated as a commercial bank?Under U.S. law, commercial banks must offer two essential services to qualify as banks for purposes of regulation and taxation, demand (checkable) deposits and commercial loans.More recently, Congress defined a bank as any institution that could qualify for deposit insurance administered by the FDIC.1-3.Why are some banks reaching out to become one-stop financial service conglomerates? Is this a good idea in your opinion?There are two reasons that banks are increasingly becoming one-stop financial service conglomerates. The first reason is the increased competition from other types of financial institution s and t he erosion of banks’ traditional service areas. The second reason is the Financial Services Modernization Act which has allowed banks to expand their role to be full service providers.1-4. Which businesses are banking’s closest and toughest com petitors? What services do they offer that compete directly with banks’ services?Among a bank’s closest competitors are savings associations, credit unions, money market funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, security brokers and dealers, investment banks, finance companies, financial holding companies, and life and property-casualty insurance companies. All of these financial service providers are converging and embracing each other’s innovations. The Financial Services Modernization Act has allowed many of these financial service providers to offer the public one-stop shopping for financial services.1-5. What is happening to banking’s share of the financial mark etplace and why? What kind of banking and financial system do you foresee for the future if present trends continue?The Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 allowed many of the banks’ closest competitors to offer a wide array of financial services thereby taking away market share from “traditional” banks. Banks and their closest competitors areconverging into one-stop shopping for financial services and this trend should continue in the future1-6. What different kinds of services do banks offer the public today? What services do their closest competitors offer?Banks offer the widest range of services of any financial institution. They offer thrift deposits to encourage saving and checkable (demand) deposits to provide a means of payment for purchases of goods and services. They also provide credit through direct loans, by discounting the notes that business customers hold, and by issuing credit guarantees. Additionally, they make loans to consumers for purchases of durable goods, such as automobiles, and for home improvements, etc. Banks also manage the property of customers under trust agreements and manage the cash positions of their business customers. They purchase and lease equipment to customers as an alternative to direct loans. Many banks also assist their customers with buying and selling securities through discount brokerage subsidiaries, the acquisition and sale of foreign currencies, the supplying of venture capital to start new businesses, and the purchase of annuities to supply future funding at retirement or for other long-term projects such as supporting a college education. All of these services are also offered by their closest competitors. Banks and their closest competitors are converging and becoming the financial department stores of the modern era.1-7. What is a financial department store? A universal bank? Why do you think these institutions have become so important in the modern financial system? Financial department store and universal bank refer to the same concept. A financial department store is an institution where banking, fiduciary, insurance, and security brokerage services are unified under one roof. A bankthat offers all these services is normally referred to as a universal bank. These have become important because of convergence and changes in regulations that have allowed financial service providers to offer all services under one roof1-8. Why do banks and other financial intermediaries exist in modern society, according to the theory of finance?There are multiple approaches to answering this question. The traditional view of banks as financial intermediaries sees them as simultaneously fulfilling the financial-service needs of savers (surplus-spending units) and borrowers(deficit-spending units), providing both a supply of credit and a supply of liquid assets. A newer view sees banks as delegated monitors who assess and evaluate borrowers on behalf of their depositors and earn fees for supplying monitoring services. Banks also have been viewed in recent theory as suppliers of liquidity andtransactions services that reduce costs for their customers and, through diversification, reduce risk. Banks are also critical in the payment system for goods and services and have played an increasingly important role as a guarantor and a risk management role for customers.1-9. How have banking and the financial services market changed in recent years? What powerful forces are shaping financial markets and institutions today? Which of these forces do you think will continue into the future?Banking is becoming a more volatile industry due, in part, to deregulation which has opened up individual banks to the full force of the financial marketplace. At the same time the number and variety of banking services has increased greatly due to the pressure of intensifying competition from nonbank financial-service providers and changing public demand for more conveniently and reliably provided services. Adding to the intensity of competition, foreign banks have enjoyed success in their efforts to enter countries overseas and attract away profitable domestic business and household accounts.1-10. Can you explain why many of the forces you named in the answer to the previous question have led to significant problems for the management of banks and other financial firms and their stockholders?The net result of recent changes in banking and the financial services market has been to put greater pressure upon their earnings, resulting in more volatile returns to stockholders and an increased bank failure rates. Some experts see banks' role and market share shrinking due to restrictive government regulations and intensifying competition. Institutions have also become more innovative in their service offerings and in finding new sources of funding, such as off-balance-sheet transactions. The increased risk faced by institutions today, therefore, has forced managers to more aggressively utilize a wide array of tools and techniques to improve and stabilize their earnings streams and manage the various risks they face. 1-11. What do you think the financial services industry will look like 20 years from now? What are the implications of your projections for its management today? There appears to be a trend toward continuing consolidation and convergence. There are likely to be fewer financial service providers in the future and many of these will be very large and provide a broad range of financial services under one roof. In addition, global expansion will continue and will be critical to the survival of many financial service providers. Management of financial service providers willhave to be more technologically astute and be able to make a more diverse set of decisions including decisions about mergers, acquisitions and global expansion as well as new services to add to the firm.Problems and Projects1. You have just been hired as the marketing officer for the new First National Bank of Vincent, a suburban banking institution that will soon be serving a local community of 120,000 people. The town is adjacent to a major metropolitan area with a total population of well over 1 million. Opening day for the newly chartered bank is just two months away, and the president and the board of directors are concerned that the new bank may not be able to attract enough depositors and good-quality loan customers to meet its growth and profit projections. There are 18 other financial-service competitors in town, including two credit unions, three finance companies, four insurance agencies, and two security broker offices. Your task is to recommend the various services the bank should offer initially to build up an adequate customer base. You are asked to do the following:a.Make a list of all the services the new bank could offer, according to current regulations.b.List the type of information you will need about the local community tohelp you decide which of the possible services are likely to have sufficientdemand to make them profitable.c.Divide the possible services into two groups--those you think are essentialto customers and should be offered beginning with opening day, and thosethat can be offered later as the bank grows.d. Briefly describe the kind of advertising campaign you would like to run tohelp the public see how your bank is different from all the other financialservice providers in the local area. Which services offered by the nonblankservice providers would be of most concern to the new bank’smanagement?Banks can offer, if they choose, a wide variety of financial services today. These services are listed below. However, unless they are affiliated with a larger bank holding company and can offer some of these services through that company, it may be more limited in what it can offer.Regular Checking Accounts Management Consulting Services NOW Accounts Letters of CreditPassbook Savings Deposits Business Inventory Loans Certificates of Deposit Asset-Based Commercial Loans Money Market Deposits Discounting of Commercial Paper Automobile Loans Plant and Equipment Loans Retirement Savings Plans Venture Capital LoansNonauto Installment Loans to IndividualsResidential Real Estate Loans Leasing Plans for Business Property and EquipmentHome Improvement Loans Security Dealing and Underwriting Personal Trust Management Services Discount Security BrokerageCommercial Trust Services Institutional Trust Services Foreign Currency Trading and ExchangePersonal Financial Advising Personal Cash-Management ServicesInsurance Policy Sales (Mainly Credit-Life)Insurance Today (Except in Some States)) Standby Credit Guarantees Acceptance FinancingTo help the new bank decide which services to offer it would be helpful to gather information about some of the following items in the local community:School Enrollments and Growth in School EnrollmentsEstimated Value of Residential and Commercial PropertyRetail SalesPercentage of Home Ownership Among Residents in the AreaNumber and Size (in Sales and Work Force) of Local Business Establishments Major Population Locations (i.e., Major Subdivisions, etc.) and Any Projected Growth AreasPopulation Demographics (i.e., Age Distribution of the Area) Projected Growth Areas of Industries in the AreaEssential services the bank would probably want to offer right from the beginning includes:Regular Checking Accounts Home Improvement Loans Automobile and other Consumer-type Money Market Deposit Accounts Installment Loans Retirement Savings Plans NOW Accounts Business Inventory LoansPassbook Savings Deposits Discounting of High-QualityCommercial NotesResidential Real Estate LoansCertificates of DepositAs the bank grows, opportunities for the profitable sale of additional services usually increase, especially for trust servicesfor individuals and smaller businesses and personal financial advising as well as some commercial (plant and equipment) loans and leases. Further growth may result in the expansion of commercial trust services as well as a widening variety of commercial loans and credit guarantees.The bank would want to develop an advertising campaign that sends a message to potential customers that the new bank is, indeed, different from its competitors. Small banks often have the advantage of offering highly personalized services in which their customers are known and recognized and services are tailored to each individual customer's special financial needs. Quality and reliability of banking service are often more important to individual customers than is price. A new bank must try to sell prospective customers, most of who will come from other banks in the area, on personalized services, quality, and reliability - all three of which should be emphasized in its advertising program.2. Leading money center banks in the United States have accelerated their investment banking activities all over the globe in recent years, purchasing corporate debt securities and stock from their business customers and reselling those securities to investors in the open market. Is this a desirable move by these banking organizations from a profit standpoint? From a risk standpoint? From the public interest point of view? How would you research their question? If you were managing a corporation that had placed large deposits with a bank engaged in such activities, would you be concerned about the risk to your company's funds? What could you do to better safeguard those funds?In the 1970's and early 1980's investment banking was soprofitable that commercial bankers were lured into the investment banking business largely because of its greater profit potential than possessed by more traditional commercial banking activities. Later foreign banks, particularly the British and Japanese banking firms, began to attract away large corporate customers from U.S. banks, who were restrained by regulation from offering many investment banking services. Thus, U.S. banks ran into severe difficulty in simply trying to hold onto their traditional corporate credit and deposit accounts because they could not compete service-wise in the investment banking field. Today, banks are allowed to underwrite securities through either a subsidiary or through a holding company structure. This change occurred as part of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (Financial Services Modernization Act).Unfortunately, if investment banking is more profitable than traditional banking product lines, it is also more risky, consistent with the basic tenet of finance that risk and return are directly related. That is why the Federal Reserve Board has placed such strict limits on the type of organization that can offer these services. Currently, the underwriting of most corporate securities must be done through a subsidiary or as a separate part of the holding company so that, in theory at least, the bank is not responsible for any losses incurred. For this reason there may be little reason for depositors (including large corporate depositors) to be concerned about risk exposure from investment banking. Moreover, the ability to offer such services may make U.S. banks more viable in the long run which helps their corporate customers who depend upon them for credit.On the other hand, opponents of investment banking powers for bank operations inside the U.S. have some reasonableconcerns that must be addressed. There are, for example, possible conflicts of interest. Information gathered in the investment banking division could be used to the detriment of customers purchasing other bank services. For example, a customer seeking a loan may be told that he or she must buy securities from the bank's investment banking division in order to receive a loan. Moreover, banks could gain effective control over some nonblank industrial corporations which might subject them to added risk exposure and place industrial firms not allied with banks at a competitive disadvantage. As a result the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act has built in some protections to prevent this from happening.3. The term bank has been applied broadly over the years to include a diverse set of financial-service institutions, which offer different financial service packages.Identify as many o f the different kinds of “banks” as you can. How do the “banks” y ou have identified compare to the largest banking group of all – the commercial banks? Why do you think so many different financial firms have been called banks? How might this terminological confusion affect financial-service customers?The general public tends to classify anything as a bank that offers some sort of financial service, especially deposit and loan services. Other institutions that are often referred to as a bank without being one are savings associations, credit unions, money market funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, security brokers and dealers, investment banks, finance companies, financial holding companies and life and property/casualty insurance companies. All of these institutions offer some of the services that a commercial bank offers, but generally not the entire scope ofservices. Since providers of financial services are normally called banks by the general public they are able to take away business from traditional banks and it is of utmost importance for commercial banks to clarify their unique position among financial services providers.4. What advantages can you see to banks affiliating with insurance companies? How might such an affiliation benefit a bank? An insurer? Can you identify any possible disadvantages to such an affiliation? Can you cite any real world examples of bank-insurer affiliations? How well do they appear to have worked out in practice?Before Glass-Steagall banks used to sell insurance services to their customers on a regular basis. in particular, banks would sell life insurance companies to loan customers to ensure repayment of the loan in case of death or disablement. These reasons still exist today and the right to sell insurances to customers again benefits banks in allowing them to offer their customers complete financial packages from financing the home or car to insure it, from giving investment advice to selling life insurance policies and annuities for retirement planning. Generally, a bank customer who is already purchasing a service from a bank might feel compelled to purchase an insurance product, as well. On the other hand, insurance companies sometimes have a negative image, which makes it more difficult to sell certain insurance products. Combining their products with the trust that people generally have in banks will make it easier for them to sell their products. The most prominent example of a bank-insurer affiliation is the merger of Citicorp and Traveler’s Insurance to Citigroup. However, given that Citigroup has sold Traveler’s Insurance indicates that the anticipated synergy effects did notmaterialize.5. Explain the difference between consolidation and convergence. Are these trends in banking and financial services related? Do they influence each other? How? Consolidation refers to increase in the size of financial institutions and the decline in the number of small independently owned banks and financial service providers. Convergence is the bringing together of firms from different industries to createconglomerate firms offering multiple services. Clearly, these two trends are related. In their effort to compete with each other, banks and their closest competitors have acquired other firms in their industry as well across industries to provide multiple financial services in multiple markets.6. What is a financial intermediary? What are their key characteristics? Is a bank a type of financial intermediary? Why? What other financial-services companies are financial intermediaries? What important role within the financial system do financial intermediaries play?A financial intermediary is a business that interacts with deficit spending individuals and institutions and surplus spending individuals and institutions. For that reason any financial service provider (including banks) is considered a financial intermediary. In their function as intermediaries they act as a bridge between the deficit and surplus spending units by offering financial services to the surplus spending individuals and then loaning those funds to the deficit spending individuals. Financial intermediaries accelerate economic growth by increasing the pool of available funds and lowering the risk of investments through diversification.。
商业银行管理第2章习题答案
Chapter 2Analyzing Bank PerformanceChapter Objectives1.Introduce bank financial statements, including the basic balance sheet and income statement, and discuss theinterrelationship between them.2.Provide a framework for analyzing bank performance over time and relative to peer banks. Introduce key financial ratios that can be used to evaluate profitability and the different types of risks faced by banks. Focus on the trade-off between bank profitability and risk.3.Identify performance measures that differentiate between small, independent banks (specialty banks) and largerbanks that are part of multibank holding companies or financial holding companies.4. Distinguish between types of bank risk; credit, liquidity, interest rate, capital, operational, and reputational.5. Describe the nature of and meaning of regulatory CAMELS ratings for banks.6.Provide applications of data analysis to sample banks’ financial information.7.Describe performance characteristics of different-sized banks.8. Describe how banks can manipulate financial information to ‘window-dress’ performance.Key Concepts1. Bank managers must balance banking risks and returns because there is a fundamental trade-off between profitability, liquidity, asset quality, market risk and solvency. Decisions that increase banking risk must offer above average profits. The more liquid a bank is and the more equity capital used to fund operations, the less profitable is a bank, ceteris paribus.2. Banks face five basic types of risk in day-to-day operations: credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, capital/solvency risk, and operational risk. Market risk encompasses interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk and price risk. Each type of risk refers to the potential variation in a ba nk's net income or market value of stockholders’ equity resulting from problems that affect that part of the bank's activities.3. Banks also face risks in the areas of country risk associated with loans or other activity with foreign government units and off-balance sheet activities, which create contingent liabilities. More recently, banks have focused on reputation risk. For example, from 2002-2005 Citigroup, JP Morgan Chase, and Bank of America found that even though they continued to report strong pro fits, they experienced strong criticism for 1) their roles in facilitating strategies to disguise Enron’s true financial status, 2) problems in sub-prime lending programs via the Associates Corp. and their own internal finance company activities, 3) problems with underwriting subsidiaries with analyst conflicts between stock reports and the firm’s investment banking relationships; facilitating market timing of stock trades to their detriment of their own mutual fund holders, 4) lack of supervision of trading groups, and 5) facilitating improper borrowing at Parmalat.4. A bank's return on equity (ROE) can be decomposed in terms of the duPont system of financial ratio analysis. This examination of historical balance sheet and income statement data enables an analyst to evaluate the comparative strengths and weaknesses of performance over time and versus peer banks. The Uniform Bank Performance Report (UBPR) data reflect the basic ratios from this return on equity model.5. Different-sized commercial banks exhibit different operating characteristics and thus performance measures. Small banks typically report a higher return on assets (ROA) than large banks because they earn higher gross yields on assets and pay less interest on liabilities.6. High performance banks generally benefit from lower interest and non-interest expense and limit credit risk so that loan losses are relatively low. They also operate with above average stockholders' equity.7. Many banks can successfully "window-dress" performance by manipulating the reporting of financial data. They may accelerate revenue recognition and defer expenses or selectively alter when they take securities gains or losses and time when to charge off loans or report loans as non-performing. As such, they may inappropriately smooth earnings with provisions for loan losses or by other means. Analysts must be careful when evaluating extraordinary transactions that have one-time gain or loss features.Answers to End of Chapter Questions1. For a large bank, assets consist approximately of marketable securities (20%), loans (70%), and other assets (10%). Liabilities consist of core deposits (40%-60%), noncore, purchased liabilities (20%-40%), and other liabilities (5 %-10%) as a fraction of assets. Small banks typically obtain more funds in the form of core deposits and less in the form of noncore, purchased liabilities. Small banks often invest more in securities as well. Of course, the actual percentages for any bank depend on that bank’s business strategy, mark et competition, and ownership.2. A bank's interest income consists of interest earned on loans and securities while noninterest income includes revenues from deposit service charges, trust department fees, fees from nonbank subsidiaries, etc. Interest expense consists of interest paid on interest-bearing core deposits and noncore liabilities while noninterest expense is comprised of overhead costs, personnel costs, and other costs. A bank’s net interest income equals its interest income minus interest expense. Note that interest income may be calculated on a tax-equivalent basis in which tax-exempt interest is converted to its pre-tax equivalent. A bank’s burden is defined as its noninterest expense minus noninterest income. This is often quoted as a fract ion of total assets. A bank’s efficiency ratio is calculated as noninterest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income. The denominator effectively measures net operating revenue after subtracting interest expense. The efficiency ratio measure the noninterest cost per $1of operating revenue generated. Analysts often interpret the efficiency ratio as a measure of a bank’s ability to control overhead relative to its ability to generate noninterest income (and overall revenue). A lower number is presumably better because it reflects better cost control compared with revenue generation.3. Balance sheet accounts:a. Increase liability: money market deposit account (+$5,000)Increase asset: federal funds sold (+$5,000)b. Decrease asset: real estate loanIncrease asset: mortgage loanc. Increase equity: common stock (common and preferred capital)Increase asset: commercial loans4. Income statementInterest on U.S. Treasury & agency securities $44,500Interest on municipal bonds 60,000Interest and fees on loans 189,700Interest income = $294,200Interest paid on interest-checking accounts $33,500Interest paid on time deposits 100,000Interest paid on jumbo CDs 101,000Interest expense = $234,500Net interest income = $59,700Provisions for loan losses = $ 18,000Net interest income after provisions = $41,700Fees received on mortgage originations $23,000Service charge receipts 41,000Trust department income 15,000Non-interest income = $79,000Employee salaries and benefits $145,000Occupancy expense 22,000Non-interest expense = $167,000Income before income taxes -$46,300Income taxes 15,742Net income = -$30,558Cash dividends declared 2,500Retained earnings = -$33,058This assumes that expenses associated with the purchase of the new computer are included in occupancy expense. If not, the computer expense (depreciation) will increase the loss for the period. Also, the bank can receive a tax refund from prior tax payments if the bank made a taxable profit within recent years.5. The primary risks faced by banks are credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk (the latter two represent market risk), operational risk, reputational risk, and capital solvency. In general, promised, or expected, returns should be higher for banks that assume increased risk. There should also be greater volatility in returns over time.a. Credit risk: Net loan charge-offs/LoansHigh risk - high ratio; Low risk - low ratioHigh risk manifests itself in occasional high charge-offs, which requires above average provisions for loan lossses to replenish the loan loss reserve. Thus, net income is volatile over time.b. Liquidity risk: Core deposits/AssetsHigh risk - low ratio; Low risk - high ratioHigh risk manifests itself in less stable funding as a bank relies more on noncore, purchased liabilities thatfluctuate over time. These noncore liabilities are also higher cost, which raises interest expense.c. Interest rate risk: (|Repriceable assets-repriceable liabilities|)/AssetsHigh risk - high ratio; Low risk - low ratioHigh risk banks do not closely match the amount of repriceable assets and repriceable liabilities. Largedifferences suggest that net interest income may vary sharply over time as the level of interest rates changes.d. Foreign exchange risk: Assets denominated in a foreign currency minus liabilities denominated in the same foreign currency.High risk – a large difference; Low risk – a small differenceHigh risk manifests itself when exchange rates change adversely and the value of the bank’s net position of assets versus liabilities denominated in a currency changes sharply.e. Operational risk: total assets/number of employeesHigh risk – low ratio; Low risk – high ratioHigh risk manifests itself when the bank operates at low productivity measured by more employees per amount of assetsf. Capital/solvency risk: Stockholders’ equity/AssetsHigh risk - low ratio; Low risk - high ratioHigh risk manifests itself because fewer assets must go into default before a bank is insolvent and can be closed down by regulators.g. Reputational risk is difficult to measure ex ante. It is more observable by announced problems and issues.6. Equity multiplierBank L: Equity/Assets = 0.06 indicates Assets/Equity = 16.67XBank S: Equity/Assets = 0.10 indicates Assets/Equity = 10XIf each bank earns 1.5% on assets (ROA = 0.015), then the ROEs will equal 25% (Bank L) and 15% (Bank S). If, instead, each bank reports a loss with ROA = -0.012, then the ROEs will equal -20% (Bank L) and -15% (Bank S). When banksare profitable, financial leverage has the positive effect of increasing ROE; when banks report losses, financial leverage increases the magnitude of loss in terms of a negative ROE.7. ROE= net income/stockholders' equityROA = net income/total assetsEM = total assets/stockholders' equityER = total operating expense/total assetsAU = total revenue/total assetsBalance sheet figures should be measured as averages over the period of time the income number is generated.ROE = ROA x EM ROA = AU – ER – TAXwhere TAX = applicable income tax/total assets.8. Profitability ratios differ across banks of different size as measured by assets. The primary reasons are that different size banks have different asset and liability compositions and engage in different amounts of off-balance sheet activities. Typically, small banks report higher net interest margins because their average asset yields are relatively high while their average cost of funds is relatively low. This reflects loans to higher risk borrowers, on average, and proportionately more funding from lower cost core deposits. ROEs, in turn, are often lower because small banks operate with more capital relative to assets, that is with lower equity multipliers, so that even with comparable ROAs the ROEs are lower. Large banks ROAs are increasing faster over time because large banks operate with lower efficiency ratios as they have been more successful in generating fee income.9. CAMELSa. C =capital adequacy: equity/assetsb. A = asset quality: nonperforming loans/loans; loan charge-offs/loansc. M = management: no single ratio is good, although all ratios indicate overall strategyd. E = earnings: aggregate profit ratios; ROE, ROA, net interest margin, burden, efficiencye. L = liquidity: core deposits/assets; noncore, purchased liabilities/assets; marketable securities/assetsf. S = sensitivity to market risk; |repriceable assets-repriceable liabilities|/assets; difference in assets and liabilitiesdenominated in the same currency; size of trading positions in commodities, equities and other tradeable assets.10. Lowest to highest liquidity risk: 3-month T-bills, 5-year Treasury bond, 5-year municipal bond (if high quality and from a known issuer), 4-year car loan with monthly payments (receive some principal monthly, may be saleable), 1-year construction loan, 1-year loan to individual, pledged 3-month T-bill. As stated, the 3-month T-bill that is pledged as collateral is illiquid unless the bank can change its collateral status.11. Comparative credit riska. loan to a comer grocery store representing a little known borrower with uncertain financialsb. loan collateralized with inventory (work in process) because the collateral is less liquid and more difficult to value;this assumes that the receivables are still viable and not too aged.c. normally the Ba-rated municipal bond, unless the agency bond is an "exotic" mortgage backed security, because theagency bond carries an implied guarantee in that Freddie Mac is a quasi-public borrower.d. 1-year car loan because the student loan is typically government guaranteed12. For the balance sheet: high core deposits/assets; high equity/assets; low noncore, purchased liabilities/assets; high investment securities/assets; high agriculture loans/assets (the value refers to that for small banks); For the income statement: net interest margin (high); burden/assets (high), efficiency ratio (high); (the descriptor in parentheses refers to the relationship for small banks versus larger banks).13. Extending a loana. the new loan is typically not classified as nonperforming because no payments are past dueb. often a bank recognizes that the loan is in the problem stage and the borrower renegotiates the terms in its favor;rationale is that the borrower may default if the loan is not restructured. Note that this restructuring gives theappearance that asset quality is higher.c. the primary risk is that the bank is throwing more money down a sink hole and will never recover any of its loan.14. Dividend payment: For: the loss is temporary and stockholders expect the dividend payment. Failure to make the payment will sharply lower the stock price because stockholders will be alienated. Against: the bank has not generated sufficient cash to make the payment from normal operations. By paying the cash dividend, the bank is self-liquidating. The cash dividend will lower the bank’s capital. What normally decides the issue is whether the loss is truly temporary or more permanent. Management typically errs by assuming that losses are temporary, and thus continues to make dividend payments when it should be reducing or eliminating them.15.Liquidity risk:a.Securities classified as held-to-maturity cannot be sold unless there has been an unusual change in the underlyingcredit quality of the security issuer. A high fraction indicates low liquidity because few securities (just 5% of the total) can be sold.b. A low core deposit base indicates a bank that relies proportionately more on noncore, volatile liabilities that are lessstable and more likely to leave the bank if rates change. This makes a bank’s funding sources less reliable and the bank subject to greater liquidity risk.c. A bank that holds long-term securities (8 years is long term) has assumed significant price risk even if the securitiescan be readily sold because they are classified as available-for-sale. Such securities will fall in value if interest rates rise. This indicates high liquidity risk.d.Assuming that $10 million in securities is sufficient, the fact that none are pledged makes them more liquid and isindicative of lower liquidity risk than if any securities were pledged.Problems1. Community National Bank (CNB)1. Profitability analysis for 2004 using UBPR figures:RATIO Community National Bank Peer BanksROE 8.67% 11.72%ROA 0.63 1.09EM 13.97X 10.67XAU 5.91 6.23ER 4.94 4.73TAX 0.34 0.41a.Aggregate profitability for CNB is substantially lower measured both by both ROE and ROA. Because CNB has less equity relative to assets, it has greater financial leverage. Thus, the greater financial leverage increases CNB’s ROE relative to peer banks. The fact that its ROE is lower, despite the greater leverage, indicates that the higher risk does not produce higher overall profitability. CNB has assumed a riskier profile with its greater financial leverage in that fewer assets can default before the bank is insolvent. CNB’s ROA is lower because it earns a lower average yield on assets (AU), pays more in operating expense (ER), offset somewhat by the fact that it pays less in taxes (TAX).b.Risk ComparisonCredit risk: same net charge-offs, much lower nonperforming (more than 90 days past due) and nonaccrual loans, higher provisions for loan losses (.30% versus 0.18%); loan loss reserve is a greater fraction of total loans and leases and a much greater fraction of noncurrent loans. Overall, the ratios indicate below-average risk. Of course, these figures represent only one year of data.Liquidity risk: lower equity to assets suggests higher liquidity risk from a funding perspective, higher available for sale securities and lower pledged securities suggests lower liquidity risk from the asset sale perspective; very high core deposits, low noncore funding (liabilities), low loans and leases and high ST securities suggest lowerliquidity risk. Overall, liquidity risk appears lower because the bank has a strong core deposit base, fewer loans and more securities can be readily sold. Still, the bank might have difficulty borrowing if loans exhibit low qualityand deposit outflows arise. Conclusion: below-average liquidity risk.Capital Risk: low capital to asset ratios; low equity to assets indicate above average capital risk; bank pays less out in dividends and its growth rate in equity capital is lower. Overall, the bank exhibits greater capital risk. Thissituation is offset by the bank’s apparent higher quality assets.Operational risk: low assets to employees ratio, high personnel expense to employees and high efficiency ratio indicate high operational risk. Of course, these data do not capture the likelihood of fraud and other potentialoperational problems.c.Recommendations:1)Impro ve the bank’s capital position; slow asset growth and pursue greater profits.2)Evaluate credit risk carefully; ensure that loans are adequately diversified and that any default of a single loan ortype of loans cannot place the bank’s capital at risk to where regulators will restrict the bank’s activities. Slow loan growth until capital base is at target. Implement a formal credit risk review process.3)Improve operating efficiency. Review noninterest expense sources and cut costs where possible.4)The first t wo suggestions will have the impact of lowering the bank’s earnings, ceteris paribus. Therefore,management should focus on growing sources of noninterest income that currently are not being pursued.2.Citibank UBPRa.In 2004, Citibank’s ROE equaled 15.26% while its ROA equaled 1.49% versus peers’ figures of 14.58% and 1.31%,respectively. Citibank’s equity multiplier (EM = ROE/ROA) equaled approximately 10.24X versus 11.13X for peers. Citibank’s AU is higher at 8.83% (5.25% + 3.58%) versus 7.69% (4.46% + 3.23%) at peers. Citibank clearly generated higher gross revenues from both interest and noninterest sources. Citibank’s expense ratio (ER), in turn, equaled 6.27% while ER for peers was much lower for each type of expense and in total at 4.23%. Based on the profit figures alone, Citibank appears to be a high performance bank and achieves that by generating greater relative revenues.b.Citibank’s credit risk (as evidenced only by the ratios provided) appears high as net losses to loans is higher thanPeers (1.58% versus 0.25%), as is noncurrent loans and leases as a fraction of loans (1.78% versus 0.59%). The loss allowance (reserve) is a higher fraction of loans, but a much smaller fraction of net losses (charge-offs) andnoncurrent loans indicating that more reserves might be appropriate.c.Citibank’s liquidity risk appears high as the bank has a lower equity to asset (tier 1 leverage capital) ratio and reliesmuch more on noncore liabilities (noncore fund dependence). With its greater credit risk, you might expect it to operate with greater equity capital. Similarly, the bank is growing at a fast pace which generally increases overall risk because management cannot easily control risk from growth.d.Recommendations:Carefully assess credit risk; realign portfolio where appropriate.Increase the loan loss reserve.Slow loan growth and/or shift loans to less risky classes.Line up additional sources of liquidity.Review pricing of loans and deposits; identify sources of fees/noninterest income to see if they are sustainable.。
商业银行课后习题答案
商业银行课后习题参考答案第一章1．商业银行从传统业务发展到“金融百货公司”说明了什么问题？随着金融竞争的加剧，金融创新成为商业银行发展的关键和动力源。
这不仅表现在银行传统业务市场已被瓜分完毕，需要通过创新来挖掘新的市场和发展机会，而且对传统业务市场的竞争和重新分配也必须借助新的手段和方式。
各家商业银行纷纷利用新的科学技术、借鉴国外商业银行的先进经验，进行技术、制度和经营管理方式创新，全面拓展银行发展空间。
商业银行进行业务扩展可以分散经营风险，减少风险总量；多渠道获取利润；为社会提供全方位的金融服务；符合金融市场的运作要求内在统一性。
2．如何认识现代商业银行的作用？信用中介：是商业银行做基本，也是最能反映其经营活动特征的职能。
实质是通过商业银行的负债业务，把社会上的闲散资金集中到银行，在通过资产业务把它投向社会经济各部门。
把货币资本从低效益的部门引向高效益部门，提供扩大社会生产手段的机会，加速经济增长。
支付中介：通过存款在账户上的转移代理客户支付，在存款的基础上为客户兑付现款等。
减少了现金的使用，节约了社会流通费用，加速资金周转，促进经济发展。
信用创造：商业银行利用吸收的存款发放贷款，在支票流通和转账结算的基础上，贷款又转化为派生存款，在这种存款不提现活不完全提现的情况下，就增加了商业银行的资金来源。
最后在整个商业银行体系，形成数倍于原始存款的派生存款。
金融服务：随着经济发展，人们对财富的管理要求相应提高，商业银行根据客户要求不断拓展金融服务领域，如信托、租赁、咨询、经纪人业务及国际业务等。
3．分析我国的金融控股公司发展现状及存在的问题尽管我国目前金融业实行的仍是分业经营和分业监管，也没有明确金融控股集团的法律地位，但在现实生活中已经存在像中信控股、平安保险集团等直接控股金融企业的公司，中国建设银行控股的中国国际金融有限公司、中国银行控股的中银控股公司等。
以各种形式控股证券、保险、城市信用社等金融企业的工商企业、民营企业也逐渐发展。
(完整版)《商业银行管理学》课后习题答案
《商业银行管理学》课后习题及题解第一章商业银行管理学导论习题一、判断题1. 《金融服务现代化法案》的核心内容之一就是废除《格拉斯－斯蒂格尔法》。
2. 政府放松金融管制与加强金融监管是相互矛盾的。
3. 商业银行管理的最终目标是追求利润最大化。
4. 在金融市场上，商业银行等金融中介起着类似于中介经纪人的角色。
5. 商业银行具有明显的企业性质，所以常用于企业管理的最优化原理如边际分享原理、投入要素最优组合原理、规模经济原理也适用于商业银行。
6. 金融市场的交易成本和信息不对称决定了商业银行在金融市场中的主体地位。
7. 企业价值最大化是商业银行管理的基本目标。
8. 商业银行管理学研究的主要对象是围绕稀缺资源信用资金的优化配置所展开的各种业务及相关的组织管理问题。
9. 商业银行资金的安全性指的是银行投入的信用资金在不受损失的情况下能如期收回。
二、简答题1. 试述商业银行的性质与功能。
2. 如何理解商业银行管理的目标？3. 现代商业银行经营的特点有哪些？4. 商业银行管理学的研究对象和内容是什么？5. 如何看待“三性”平衡之间的关系？三、论述题1. 论述商业银行的三性目标是什么，如何处理三者之间的关系。
2. 试结合我国实际论述商业银行在金融体系中的作用。
第一章习题参考答案一、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.√5.×6.√7.×8.√9.√二、略；三、略。
第二章商业银行资本金管理习题一、判断题1. 新巴塞尔资本协议规定，商业银行的核心资本充足率仍为4％。
2. 巴塞尔协议规定，银行附属资本的合计金额不得超过其核心资本的50%。
3. 新巴塞尔资本协议对银行信用风险提供了两种方法：标准法和内部模型法。
4. 资本充足率反映了商业银行抵御风险的能力。
5. 我国国有商业银行目前只能通过财政增资的方式增加资本金。
6. 商业银行计算信用风险加权资产的标准法中的风险权重由监管机关规定。
二、单选题1. 我国《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》规定，计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的。
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap4
CHAPTER 4THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF A BANKGoal of This Chapter: To help readers become more comfortable and knowledgeable about the financial statements prepared by banks, including bank balance sheets (Reports of Condition), income statements (Reports of Income), sources and uses statements, and the statement of stockholders' equity capital.Key Terms Presented in This ChapterReport of Condition Sources and Uses of Funds StatementReport of Income Statement of Stockholders’ EquityFunds-Flow StatementChapter OutlineI. Introduction: The Statements We Will Review in This ChapterII. An Overview of Bank Balance Sheets and Income StatementsA. Financial Inputs and Outputs on Bank Balance Sheets and Income StatementsB. The Bank's Balance Sheet (Report of Condition)1. The Principal Types of Accounts on a Bank's Report of Condition2. Bank Assetsa. The Cash Accountb. Investment Securities: The Liquid Portionc. Investment Securities: The Income-Generating Portiond. Loanse. Federal Funds Sold and Securities Purchased under ResaleAgreementsf. Customer's Liability on Acceptancesg. Miscellaneous Assets3. Bank Liabilitiesa. Depositsb. Borrowings from Nondeposit Sourcesc. Capital Accounts1. Subordinated Notes and Debentures2. Preferred Stock3. Common Equity4. Comparative Balance-Sheet Ratios for Different Size Banks5. The Expansion of Off-Balance-Sheet Items in Banking6. The Problem of Book-Value Accounting in BankingC. Components of the Income Statement (Report of Income)1. The Determinants of a Bank's Net Income2. Financial Flows and Stocksa. Interest Incomeb. Interest Expensesc. Net Interest Incomed. Loan-Loss Expensee. Noninterest Incomef. Noninterest Expensesg. Net Income3. Comparative Income-Statement Ratios for Different-Size BanksD. Other Useful Bank Financial Statements1. The Funds-Flow or Sources-and-Uses-of-Funds Statement2. The Capital-Account Statement or Statement of Stockholders' EquityCapitalIll. Summary of the ChapterConcept Checks4-1. What are the principal accounts that appear on a bank's balance sheet (or Report of Condition)?The principal asset items on a bank's Report of Condition are loans, investments in marketable securities, cash, and miscellaneous assets. The principal liability items are deposits and nondeposit borrowings in the money market. Equity capital supplied by the stockholders rounds out the total sources of funds for a bank.4-2. Which accounts are most important and least important on the asset side of a bank's balance sheet?The rank order of assets by dollar volume appearing on U.S. bank balance sheets are as follows: Rank Order Assets1 Loans2 Investment Securities3 Cash4 Miscellaneous Assets4-3. What accounts are most important on the liability side of a bank's balance sheet?The principal bank liability items from most important to least important are:Rank Order Liabilities and Equity Capital1 Deposits2 Nondeposit Borrowings3 Equity Capital4 Miscellaneous Liabilities4-4. What are the essential differences between demand deposits, savings deposits, and time deposits?Demand deposits are regular checking accounts against which a customer can write checks or make any number of personal withdrawals. Regular checking accounts do not bear interest under current U.S. law and regulation. Savings deposits bear interest (normally, they carry the lowest rate paid on bank deposits) but may be withdrawn at will (though a bank usually will reserve the right to require advance notice of a planned withdrawal). Time deposits carry a fixed maturity and the bank may impose a penalty if the customer withdraws funds before the maturity date is reached. The interest rate posted on time deposits is negotiated between the bank and its deposit customer and may be either fixed or floating. A NOW account combines features of a savings account and a checking account, while a money market deposit account encompasses transactional powers similar to a regular checking account (though usually with limitations on the number of checks or drafts that may be written against the account) but also resembles a time deposit with an interest rate fixed for a brief period (such as weekly) but then becomes changeable over longer periods to reflect current market conditions.4-5. What are primary and secondary reserves and what are they supposed to do?Primary reserves consist of cash, including a bank's vault cash and checkable deposits held with other banks or any other funds that are accessible immediately to meet demands for liquidity made against the bank. Secondary reserves consist of assets that pay some interest (though usually pay returns that are much lower than earned on other assets, such as loans) but their principal feature is ready marketability. Both primary and secondary reserves are held to keep the bank in readiness to meet demands for cash (liquidity) from whatever source those demands may arise.4-6. Suppose that a bank holds cash in its vault of $1.4 million, short-term government securities of $12.4 million, privately issued money market instruments of $5.2 million, deposits at the Federal Reserve banks of $20.1 million, cash items in the process of collection of $0.6 million, and deposits placed with other banks of $16.4 million. How much in primary reserves does this bank hold? in secondary reserves?The bank holds primary reserves of:Vault Cash + Deposits at the Fed + Cash Items in Collection + Deposits With OtherBanks= $1.4 mill. + $20.1 mill. + $0.6 mill. + $16.4 mill.= $38.5 millionThe bank has secondary reserves of:Short-term Government Securities + Private Money-Market Instruments= $12.4 mill. + $5.2 mill.= $17.6 million4-7. What are off-balance-sheet items and why are they important to some banks?Off-balance-sheet items are usually transactions that generate fee income for a bank (such as standby credit guarantees) or help hedge against risk (such as financial futures contracts). They are important as a supplement to income from loans and to help a bank reduce its exposure to interest-rate risk.4-8. Why are bank accounting practices under attack right now? In what ways could banks improve their accounting methods?The traditional practice of banks has been to record the value of assets and liabilities at their value on the day the accounts were originally created and not changing those values over the life of the acc ount. The SEC and FASB started questioning this practice in the 1980’s because they were concerned that investors on bank securities would be misled about the true value of the bank. Using this historical value accounting method may in fact conceal a bank that insolvent in a current market value sense. The biggest controversy centered on the banks’ investment portfolio which would appear to be easy to value at its current market price. At a minimum, banks could help themselves by marking their investment portfolio to market. This would give investors an indication of the true value of the bank’s investment portfolio. Banks could also consider using the lower of historical or market value for other accounts on the balance sheet.4-9. What accounts make up the Report of Income (income statement) of a bank?The Report of Income includes all sources of bank revenue (loan income, investment security income, revenue from deposit service fees, trust fees, and miscellaneous service income) and all bank expenses (including interest on all borrowed funds, salaries, wages, and employee benefits, overhead costs, loan-loss expense, taxes, and miscellaneous operating costs.) The difference between operating revenues and expenses (including tax obligations) is referred to as net income. 4-10. In rank order what are the most important revenue and expense items on a bank's Report of Income?By dollar volume in most recent years the rank order of the revenue and expense items on a bank's Report of Income is:Rank Order Revenue Items Expense Items1 Loan Income Deposit Interest2 Security Income Interest on Nondeposit Borrowings3 Service Charges on Deposits Salaries, Wages, andand Other Deposit Fees Employee Benefits4 Other Operating Revenues Miscellaneous Expenses4-11. Can you explain the relationship between the Provision for Loan Losses on a bank's Report of Income and the Allowance for Loan Losses on its Report of Condition?Gross loans equal the total of all loans currently outstanding that are recorded on the bank's books. Net loans are equal to gross loans less any interest income on loans already collected by the bank but not yet earned and also less the allowance for loan-loss account (or bad-debt reserve). The allowance for loan losses is built up gradually over time by an annual noncash expense item that is charged against the bank's current income, known as the Provision for Loan Losses. The dollar amount of the annual loan-loss provision plus the amount of recovered funds from any loans previously declared worthless (charged off) less any loans charged off as worthless in the current period is added to the allowance-for-loan-losses account. If current charge-offs of worthless loans exceed the annual loan-loss provision plus any recoveries on previously charged-off loans the annual net figure becomes negative and is subtracted from the allowance-for-loan-losses account. 4-12. Suppose a bank has an allowance for loan losses of $1.25 million at the beginning of the year, charges current income for a $250,000 provision for loan losses, charges off worthless loans of $150,000, and recovers $50,000 on loans previously charged off. What will be the balance in the bank's allowance for loan losses at year-end?The balance in the allowance for loan loss (ALL) account at year end will be:Beginning ALL = $1.25 millionPlus: Annual Provisionfor Loan Losses = +0.25Recoveries onLoans Previously = +0.05Charged OffMinus: ChargeOffs of Worthless = -0.15LoansEnding ALL = $1.40 million4-13. What types of information are provided in a Funds-Flow or Sources-and-Uses-of-Funds Statement?A bank's sources-and-uses-of-funds statement captures changes in its assets and liability items as well as income from bank operations. It shows where the bank has raised its operating funds over a given period of time and how those funds were allocated over that same time period. Generally, increases in any liability item (such as deposits) represent a source of funds, while increases in any asset item are uses of funds.4-14. What does the Statement of Stockholders' Equity reveal about how well a bank is being managed and what stresses it is under?The Statement of Stockholders' Equity Capital reflects any changes that have occurred in a bank's equity capital account. The most common items causing changes in a bank's equity capital account include the proportion of current profits (net after-tax income) retained in the bank (which, if positive, increases equity capital or, if negative, decreases equity) and changes in the number of shares of stock outstanding. If more stock is sold, the equity capital account increases.4-15. Suppose a bank has an initial balance in its capital account of $26 million, receives net income during the year of $3 million, pays out stockholder dividends of $2 million, and issues $1 million in new stock during the year. What balance remained in the bank's capital account at the end of the year?The balance in the bank's capital account at year end will be:Beginning Capital Account Balance = $26 millionPlus: Net Income During Year = +3New Shares of Stock Issues = +1Less: Stockholders Dividends = -2Ending Capital Account Balance = $28 million.Problems4-1. The missing items from the Report of Condition and Report of Income of Evergreen National Bank are given below:Report of Condition Itemsfrom Banks $ 27 (550-43-18-10-348-11-6-87 = 27)Gross Loans 373 (348+6+19 = 373)36 (440-21-227-49-107 = 36)Savings Depositsand NOW AccountsStockholders'50 (550-440-41-19 = 50)Equity CapitalReport of Income ItemsInterest and Fees$168 (180-5-7 = 168)on LoansService Charges on11 (39-20-8 = 11)Customer DepositsWages, Salaries, and42 (54-5-7 = 42)Employee BenefitsNet Interest Income 21 (180-159 = 21)-15 (39-54 = -15)Net NoninterestIncome0 (180+39-159-54-4-2=-120)Net Income AfterTaxesAlternative Scenario 1:Given: Total revenues increase to $225, total interest expense increases to $185, total noninterest income increases to $51, and total noninterest expenses increase to $72.Solution: Net Income after taxes = $225-185-72-4-2 = -$38Alternative Scenario 2:Given: All revenue items increase by 100% and all expense items increase by 92%.Solution: Net Income after taxes = [($180+39) X 2]-[($159+54+4+2) X 1.921= [$219 X 2] -[$339 X 1.92] = $438- $421 = $174-2. The items requiring calculation and their dollar amounts are:Net Interest Income = Total Interest Income - Total Interest Expense= $271 -$205 = $66Net Noninterest Income = Total Noninterest Income - Total Noninterest Expense= $23- $40 = -$17Total Operating Revenues = Total Interest Income + Total Noninterest Income= $271 + $23 = $294Total Operating Expense = Total Interest Expenses + Total Noninterest Expenses +Provision for Loan Loss= $205 + $40 + $13 = $258Net Income Before Taxes = Total Operating Revenues - Total Operating Expenses= $294 - $258 = $36Net Income After Taxes = Net Income Before Taxes - Income Taxes= $36 - $5 = $31Increase in Bank's Undivided Profits = Net Income After Taxes - Common Dividends= $31 -$11 = $20Alternative Scenario 1:Given: Gap between Total Interest Income and Total Interest Expenses decreases by 10 percent. Solution: Net Income After Taxes = [($271 - $205) X 0.9] + $23 - $40 - $13 - $5= $59.4 + $23- $40- $13- $5 = $24.4This is a decrease of $6.6 ($31 - $24.4) or a 21.3% decrease as a result of a percent decrease in the interest revenue-expense gap.Alternative Scenario 2:Given: Provision for Loan Loss triples (from $13 to $39).Solution: Net Income After Taxes = $271 - $205 + $23 - $40 - $39 - $5 = $5This is a decrease of $26 ($31 - $5) or an 83.9% decrease.4-3. The items requiring calculation and the dollar figures required are:Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity = $380 + $49 = $429.Net Loans = Gross Loans - Allowance for Loan Losses - Unearned Discount on Loans = $294 -$13- $5 = $276Undivided Profits = Total Equity Capital - Capital Reserves - Surplus - Common Stock –Preferred Stock= $49 -$8- $11 -$12- $3 = $15Investment Securities = Total Assets - Miscellaneous Assets - Net Bank Premises-Customers' Liability on Acceptances - Net Loans - Trading Account Securities - Federal Funds Sold -Cash and Due from Banks= $429 - $38 - $29 - $7 - $276 - $2 - $26 - $9 = $42Depreciation = Gross Bank Premises - Net Bank Premises = $34 - $29 = $5Total Deposits = Total Liabilities - Nondeposit Borrowings - Acceptances Outstanding = $380 - $10.- 7 = $363.The reader should note that the asset item, Customer Liability on Acceptances, should have an equal liability item, Acceptances Outstanding.Alternative Scenario 1:Given: All Assets and all Liabilities double.Solution: Total Equity Capital = Total Assets - Total Liabilities= ($429 X 2) ($380 X 2) = $858 - $760 = $98Therefore, Total Equity, as expected, would also double.Undivided Profits = Total Equity Capital - Capital Reserves - Surplus - Common Stock –Preferred Stock= $98- $8- $11 - $12 -$3 = $64This represents an increase of $49 ($64 - $15), or over a 300% increase, and results from the doubling of total equity without concurrent increases in Common or Preferred Stock Issues, which would also cause changes in Capital Reserves and Surplus.Alternative Scenario 2:Given: Total deposits increase by 10 percent and gross loans increase by only 5 percent.Solution: There are two asset items that could increase to fill in the difference. Federal Fund: Sold is the most likely candidate for temporary use of these extra deposits. Cash and due from banks could also increase some, depending on the need for reserve requirement coverage.4-4. The reconstructed bank balance sheet is as follows:Balance Sheet (Report of Condition)Assets LiabilitiesCash and Due from Depository $ 3,992 Noninterest-bearing deposits $ 6,569 Institutions Interest-bearing deposits 27,486 Federal Funds Sold and 1,359 Total Deposits $34,055 Repurchase AgreementsSecurities 9,837 Federal Funds Purchased and 2,757 Loans to Financial Institutions 406 Reverse Repurchase Agreements Agricultural Production Loans 246 Demand Notes Issued to the 439 Credit Cards and Related Plans 790 Treasury and Other BorrowingsOther Loans to Individuals 5,032 Mortgage Indebtedness 45 Real Estate Loans, Total 9,544 Subordinated Notes andCommercial and Industrial Loans 6,372 Debentures 116 All Other Loans 2,258Lease Financing Receivables 147 All Other Liabilities 756 Loans and Leases, Gross 24,795 Total Liabilities 38,168 Less: Allowance for Loan 361 Common Stock 414 Losses Perpetual Preferred Stock 12 Less: Unearned Income 368 Surplus 758 Loans and Leases, Net 24,066 Undivided Profits 1,812 Premises and Fixed Assets 648 Total Equity Capital 2,996 Other Real Estate Owned 89 Total Liabilities andIntangible Assets 86 Equity CapitalAll Other Assets 1,087Total Assets $41,164 $41,164 The reconstructed bank income statement appears as follows:Interest Income:Domestic Office Loan Revenues $ 2,368,736Foreign Office Loan Revenues 5,290Income from Interest Earned on 70,073Balances Due from Depository InstitutionsIncome from Lease Financing Receivables 15,269Interest and Dividend Income on Securities 755,7158,696Interest Income from Trading AccountSecuritiesInterest Income from Federal Funds Sold and 91,362Repurchase AgreementsTotal Interest Income $ 3,315,141Interest Expense:Interest on Domestic Office Deposits $ 1,585,024Interest on Foreign Office Deposits 15,710175,624Expense of Federal Funds Purchased andReverse Repurchase AgreementsInterest on Demand Notes issued to the U.S. 23,163Treasury and Other BorrowingsInterest on Mortgage Indebtedness 3,811Interest on Subordinated Notes and Debentures 6,694Total Interest Expense $1,810,476Net Interest Income $ 1,504,665Provision for Loan and Lease Losses and221,967Allocated Transfer RiskNet Interest Income After Provision for1,282,698Possible Loan LossesNoninterest Income:Service Charges on Deposit Accounts 179,680Other Noninterest Income 326,847Total Noninterest Income $ 506,527Noninterest Expense:Salaries and Employee Benefits $ 619,207Expense of Premises and Fixed Assets, 187,676Net of Rental IncomeOther Noninterest Expenses 538,125Total Noninterest Expenses $1,345,008(838,481)Net Noninterest Income (or NoninterestMargin)Income (or Loss) Before Income Taxes 444,217Applicable Income Taxes 399,806Income Before Extraordinary Items 44,411Securities Gains (or Losses), Net of Taxes 4,845Net Income (Loss) After Taxes and Securities $ 49,256Gains or Losses4-5. First National Bank of Irwin reported loan losses for the current year of $ 1.34 million, $1.19 million one year ago, $1.08 million two years ago, $0.85 million three years ago, $ 0.71 million four years ago, and $ 0.59 million five years ago. With total assets of $465 million and eligible loans of $ 279 million First National in Irwin can use either the experience method (an average of actual losses for the current year plus the past five years) or the specific charge-off method (in which only loans declared uncollectible can be written off). After the 1986 Tax Reform Act, however, banks or bank holding companies with assets of $500 million or more must use the specific charge-off method. Therefore, when First National reached $507 million in total assets the following year it then had to use the specific-charge-off method in accounting for loan losses.4-6. The correct accounts into which the transactions described would be entered are:A. Office expenses F. Interest on loansB. Employee benefits G. Service charges onnoninterest income H. Interest earned on securitiesC. Interest on deposits I. Overhead expenseD. Provision for loan losses J. Securities gains, net of taxesE. Noninterest income4-7. The balance-sheet transactions described in this problem would affect the followingaccounts:A. Time Deposits $6,000; Automobile Loans $6,000B. Demand Deposits $1 ,000; Investment Securities $1,000C. Common Stock $100,000; Plant and Equipment $100,000D. Home Equity Loans - $2,500; Demand Deposits - $2,500E. Lease Receivables or Gross Loans $750,000; Cash Assets - $750,000F. Federal Funds Sold + $5 million; Reserves (cash assets) - $5 million; the next daywe have Federal Funds Sold - $5 million; and Reserves + $5 millionG. Allowance for Loan Losses, -$1 million4-8. The balance sheet for River's Edge National Bank should appear as follows:Balance Sheet (Report of Condition)Assets LiabilitiesCash $ 13 Demand deposits 55 Deposits due from Time deposits 40other banks 25 Money market deposits 31U.S. Treasury bills 10 Deposits due to other banks 5 Municipal bonds 12 Federal funds purchased 34 Federal funds sold and Securities sold under repurchasesecurity RPs 5 agreements 4Loans to commercial Mortgages against the bank'sand industrial firms 64 building 26 Automobile loans 21 Subordinated notes and 20Credit card loans 22 debenturesReal estate loans 42 EquityLeases of assets to Equity capital 9business customers 3 Total liabilities and equity capital $224Bank building andequipment 7Total assets $224Clearly, equity capital of $9 million must be added to bring the bank's balance sheet fully into balance.4-9. The income statement for Rosebush State Bank should be arranged as follows: Interest and Fees on Loans $62Interest and Dividends Earned on$9Government Bonds and NotesTotal Interest Income 71Interest paid to customers holding time andsavings deposits 32Interest paid on federal funds purchased 6Total Interest Expense 38Net interest income 33Service charges paid by depositors 4Trust department fees 1Total noninterest income 5Employee wages, salaries, and benefits 13Overhead expenses 3Provision for loan losses 28Depreciation on the bank's plant andequipmentTotal noninterest expenses 26Net income before taxes 12Taxes paid 3Dividends paid to common stockholders 2Retained earnings 74-10. The items which would normally appear on a bank's balance sheet are:Federal funds sold Savings depositsCredit card loans Common stockVault cash Mortgage owed on the bank'sbuildingAllowance for loan losses Undivided profitsDeposits due to banks Customer liability on acceptancesLeases of business Retained earningsequipment tocustomersThe items normally showing up on a bank's income statementare:Depreciation of bank Securities gains or lossesplant and equipment Employee benefitsInterest received on credit Service charges on depositscard loans Utility expensesInterest paid on moneymarket deposits4-11. The following items are calculated given the information in the problem.Net Interest Income = Total Interest Income –Total Interest Expenses750 = X - .5XTotal Interest Income = $1500Total Interest Expenses = $750Net Noninterest Income = Total Noninterest Income – Total Noninterest Expenses-$300 = .75X –XTotal Noninterest Expenses = $1200Total Noninterest Income -= $900PLL = .01 * Total Interest Income = .01*1500 = $15Taxes = .25 * Net Income Before Taxes = .25*45 = $11.25Dividends = .5*Net Income = .5*$20 = $10Web Site Problems1. Suppose you want to compare in size Wells Fargo Bank and J. P. Morgan. What web site could you use to do a size comparison of these two banks? What did you find when you got there? Have these two Banks changed in size relative to each other over the past decade? Why do you think this has happened?The best web site to find this information is the FDIC web site. It appears as if J.P. Morgan has continuously been larger. However, this information is deceiving. J.P. Morgan is no longer an independent bank. It has merged with Chase Manhattan. Wells Fargo before the merger was larger than J.P. Morgan because they were actively acquiring new banks. A decade ago, J.P. Morgan was larger.2. Which bank is larger as of the latest quarterly balance sheet (Report of Condition), Bank of America or Chase Manhattan Bank? Which web site could you use to answer this question? What did you find when you checked? Which bank holds the most loans? Deposits? Off Balance Sheet Derivatives?This information can be found from the FDIC web site very easily. Chase Manhattan is now J.P. Morgan Chase. These two banks are now very similar is size. Bank of America is slightly larger with TA of $609 billion while Chase has $602 billion in TA. However, they look very different in other respects. Bank of America has $398 billion in loans while Chase has $210 billion in loans. Bank of America has $386 billion in deposits and Chase has $294 billion in deposits. They also have very different amounts of off-balance sheet derivatives. Bank of America has $7,405 billion in off-balance sheet items while Chase has $24,140 billion in off-balance sheet items.。
商业银行管理彼得S.罗斯第八版课后答案
商业银行管理彼得S.罗斯第八版课后答案第一章现代商业银行的概述1.解释现代商业银行的定义和特点。
商业银行是一种金融机构，主要从事存款、贷款、支付和其他与金融活动相关的业务。
其特点包括但不限于：收取利息和手续费、进行风险管理、提供信贷和储蓄服务、发行货币等。
2.列举现代商业银行的主要功能。
现代商业银行的主要功能包括但不限于：存款业务、贷款业务、国际业务、支付结算、外汇交易、信用和担保、投资银行业务、资金运作等。
3.商业银行与其他金融机构的区别是什么？和其他金融机构相比，商业银行的最大区别在于其可以发行货币，并具有相应的存储和支付功能。
此外，商业银行还可以从中央银行和其他金融机构获得流动性支持。
此外，商业银行还拥有广泛的客户群体和网络，可以提供多样化的金融产品和服务。
第二章商业银行的治理结构1.解释商业银行的治理结构。
商业银行的治理结构是指银行内各个决策层级和机构之间相互关系的安排和管理方式。
这包括董事会、监事会、高级管理层等。
2.详细描述商业银行治理结构中各种角色的职责和权力。
•董事会：负责制定银行的战略方向和政策，监督高级管理层的工作表现。
•监事会：负责审计和监督董事会和高级管理层的工作，确保其合法、合规。
•高级管理层：负责银行的日常经营管理，执行董事会决策，负责风险管理和业绩目标的实现。
•内部控制机构：负责制定和实施内部控制制度，保障银行运营的合规性和风险控制。
3.商业银行的治理结构有哪些挑战和改进措施？商业银行的治理结构面临的主要挑战包括：信息不对称、利益冲突、监管合规等。
为了改善这些问题，银行可以采取以下措施：加强内部控制机制、设立独立董事、加强风险管理和合规审查等。
第三章商业银行的资本管理1.商业银行为什么需要资本？商业银行需要资本来保证其业务的顺利运作。
资本可以用于覆盖银行风险、偿还债务、承担损失等。
同时，一定水平的资本也是银行移植的法定要求。
2.商业银行的资本可以来源于哪些渠道?商业银行资本的主要来源有：股东投资、利润留存、债务融资、政府注资等。
商业银行经营管理每章习题及答案
第一章商业银行概述单选：1．早期银行业产生于哪个国家？ AA．英国B．美国C．意大利D．德国2．1694年英国政府为了同高利贷作斗争，以维护新生的资产阶级发展工业和商业的需要，决定成立一家股份制银行是什么？ AA．英格兰银行B．曼彻斯特银行C．汇丰银行D．利物浦银行3．1897年在上海成立了什么银行，标志着中国现代银行的产生 CA．交通银行B．浙江兴业C．中国通商银行D．北洋银行4．英国式的商业银行传统提供资金融通方式主要有哪些? AA．短期为主B．长期为主C．债券D．股票5．现代商业银行的发展方向是什么？ AA．金融百货公司B．贷款为主C．吸收存款为主D．表外业务为主6．商业银行是以什么为经营对象的信用中介机构？ BA．实物商品B．货币C．股票D．利率7．商业银行的哪项资产被称为第一级准备? DA．贷款资产B．证券资产C．股票资产D．速动资产8．商业银行的性质主要归纳为以追求什么为目标? BA．追求最大贷款额B．追求最大利润C．追求最大资产D．追求最大存款9．政府对银行业的监管要以谨慎监管为原则，即著名的“（原则）”，其中“C"是指什么？ A A．资本B．资产C．管理D．收益10．政府对银行业的监管要以谨慎监管为原则，即著名的“（原则）”，其中“L"是指什么？BA．资本B．清偿能力C．管理D．收益11．政府对银行业的监管要以谨慎监管为原则，即著名的“（原则）”，其中“M"是指什么？CA．资本B．清偿能力C．管理D．收益12．政府对银行业的监管要以谨慎监管为原则，即著名的“（原则）”，其中“S"是指什么？BA．资本B．银行对市场风险的敏感程度C．管理D．收益13．我国的中央银行是哪家银行？ BA．工商银行B．中国人民银行C．建设银行D．招商银行14．银行对挤兑具有天然的敏感性，挤兑会造成银行的困难主要为哪种？ AA．流动性B．盈利性C．准备金率D．贷款总额15．以下什么不是商业银行股东大会的权限？ DA．选举和更换董事、监事并决定有关的报酬事项B．审议批准银行各项经营管理方针和对重大议案进行表决C．修改公司章程D．审核银行业的监管制度16．最常见的导致银行破产的直接原因是什么？ BA．丧失营利性B．丧失流动性C．贷款总额下降D．准备金比率提高17．存款保险制度保护的存款者类型为什么？ AA．小额存款人B．大额存款人C．中额存款人D．公司存款人18．从存款保险制度问世以来，理论界和实务界不断努力试图采取恰当的监管措施来消除其逆向激励，其适当的措施是什么？ BA．准备金制度B．资本充足性管制C．利率管制D．分业经营管制19．下列说法不正确的是（）： BA．银行的普通股股东拥有表决权。
商业银行管理学习题15
Chapter 15The Management of CapitalFill in the Blank Questions1. __________________ is the amount in excess of par value paid by the bank's shareholders.Answer: Surplus 盈余2. _________________________ are the net earnings of the bank which have been kept by the bankrather than distributed as dividends to stockholders.Answer: Undivided Profits (or retained earnings) 未分配利润3. When items on a bank's balance sheet are multiplied by the appropriate risk-weighting factor theyare often called _________________________.Answer: risk-weighted assets 风险加权资产4. The fact that a bank may suffer deficiencies in quality control, inefficiencies in producing anddelivering of services, weather damage, aging or faulty computer systems, errors in judgment by management and fluctuations in economy that could adversely affect the bank's performance isknown as _________________________ risk.Answer: operational5. ____________ models attempt to measure price or market risk of a portfolio of assets and attemptto determine the maximum loss they might sustain over a designated period of time.Answer: Value at risk (VaR) 风险值6. The latest revision to the Basel accord is known as __________ and will affect only about 20 of thelargest U.S. banks and a handful of leading foreign banks.Answer: Basel II 巴塞尔协议II7. ____________ models measure lender exposure to defaults or credit downgrades.Answer: Credit Risk8. Credit risk models will be ________ widely used when Basel II takes effect.Answer: more9. is long-term debt capital whose claims legally follow claims ofdepositors.Answer: Subordinated notes and debentures 次级票据和债券10. for banks include mortgage servicing rights and purchasedcredit card relationships and can be counted as part of bank capital.Answer: Identifiable intangible assets 可辨认无形资产True/False QuestionsT F 1. Core capital includes the surplus account for stock.Answer: TrueT F 2. Under the international capital (Basel) agreement Tier 2 capital二级资本 must be raised toa minimum of 4 percent of risk-weighted assets. 加权风险资产Answer: FalseT F 3. The Basel Agreement on capital as drafted in the 1980s failed to deal with market risk.Answer: TrueT F 4. Equity notes are considered to be part of Tier 1 capital.Answer: FalseT F 5. Credit risk models will probably not be needed when Basel II takes effect.Answer: FalseT F 6. Basel II will require each bank to determine its own capital requirements based on its own calculated risk exposure.Answer: TrueT F 7. Regulatory capital focus on the market value of equity. 监管资本注重于股本的市场价值Answer: FalseMultiple Choice Questions1.Measured by dollar volume the largest category of capital at U.S. banks is: 美国银行数量最多的资本是A) Par value of common stockB) Subordinated notes and debenturesC) SurplusD) Undivided profits and capital reservesE) None of the above.Answer: C2.The fundamental purposes of regulating bank capital cited in the textbook include which of thefollowing?A) To limit the risk of bank failures.B) To preserve public confidence in banks.C) To limit losses to the federal government arising from insurance claims. 限制联邦政府存款保险的损失D) All of the above.E) A and B only.Answer: D3.The risk that a customer the bank has entered into a contract with will fail to pay or to perform,forcing the bank to find a replacement contract that may be less satisfactory is what form of risk listed below?A) Counterparty riskB) Interest-rate riskC) Operating riskD) Credit riskE) Liquidity riskAnswer: A4. A "well capitalized" bank in the United States must have a leverage ratio of at least:A) 5 percentB) 4 percentC) 6 percentD) 8 percentE) None of the aboveAnswer: B5.Which of the following would be an example of Tier 1 capital?A) Subordinated debt capital instruments with an original maturity of at least 5 yearsB) Allowance for loan and lease lossesC) Minority interest in the equity accounts of consolidated subsidiariesD) Intermediate term preferred stock 中期优先股E) All of the aboveAnswer: C6.Which of the following would be an example of Tier 2 capital?A) Subordinated debt capital instruments with an original maturity of at least 5 yearsB) Undivided profitsC) Minority interest in the equity accounts of consolidated subsidiariesD) Qualifying noncumulative preferred stockE) All of the aboveAnswer: A7.Which of the following assets fits into the 0 percent risk weight category?A) CashB) Deposits at the Federal ReserveC) Treasury BillsD) GNMA mortgage-backed securitiesE) All of the above fit into the 0 percent risk weight categoryAnswer: E8.Which of the following is in the 100 percent risk-weight category?A) CashB) General obligation municipal bondsC) Residential mortgage loansD) Credit card loansE) None of the aboveAnswer: D9.Which of the following is in the 50 percent risk-weight (moderate) category?A) CashB) General Obligation Municipal BondsC) Residential Mortgage LoansD) Credit Card LoansE) None of the aboveAnswer: C10.Which of the following is in the 20 percent risk-weight (low) category?A) CashB) General obligation municipal bondsC) Residential mortgage loansD) Credit card loansE) None of the aboveAnswer: B11.For a bank with deficient capital ratios, which of the following actions could be required byregulators to increase the capital ratios, all else constant?A)Cut the bank's dividend paymentB)Increase the bank's leverageC)Reduce the bank’s holdings of cashD)Increase the bank's growth rate by making additional commercial loans.E)Reduce the bank's holdings of Treasury securities.Answer: A12.Which of the following would be an example of operational risk?A) A bank teller manages to steal $250,000 over a period of several monthsB) An out of date computer system causes the bank to lose $750,000C) A bank is forced to sell $1,000,000 in loans at a loss in order to meet the needs of depositorsD) A $500,000 loan the bank has made has been deemed uncollectableE) None of the above are examples of operational riskAnswer: B13.Which of the following would be an example of liquidity risk?A) A bank teller manages to steal $250,000 over a period of several monthsB) An out of date computer system causes the bank to lose $750,000C) A bank is forced to sell $1,000,000 in loans at a loss in order to meet the needs of depositorsD) A $500,000 loan the bank has made has been deemed uncollectableE) None of the above are examples of liquidity riskAnswer: C14.The First National Bank of Tucson has determined that the value of their property in Tucson hastripled in the last three years. They decide that they would like to use this property to raise funds and will rent space from the new owners of the building. What way of meeting their capital needs is the bank taking?A) Issuing common stockB) Issuing preferred stockC) Issuing subordinated notes and debenturesD) Selling assets and leasing facilitiesE) Swapping stock for debt instrumentsAnswer: D15.The Second National Bank of Lincoln has decided that to raise funds it is going to issue newcommon equity through a pre-emptive rights offering so that current owners will not have that ownership diluted. What way of meeting their capital needs is the bank taking?A) Issuing common stockB) Issuing preferred stockC) Issuing subordinated notes and debenturesD) Selling assets and leasing facilitiesE) Swapping stock for debt instrumentsAnswer: A16.The Third State Bank of Denton has decided to issue stock through a trust company and borrowthe funds from the trust company. This stock pays a fixed dividend and because of the way the stock has been issued it is tax deductible. What way of meeting their capital needs in the bank taking?A) Issuing common stockB) Issuing preferred stockC) Issuing subordinated notes and debenturesD) Selling assets and leasing facilitiesE) Swapping stock for debt instrumentsAnswer: B。
《商业银行经营管理》习题与答案
《商业银行经营管理》习题与答案（解答仅供参考）一、名词解释1. 商业银行：商业银行是指依照《商业银行法》设立的，以吸收公众存款、发放贷款、办理结算为主要业务，以追求利润最大化为目标，并接受国家金融监管的金融机构。
2. 资产负债管理：资产负债管理是商业银行在经营活动中，通过对资产、负债和表外业务的规模、结构、风险等方面的统筹规划和动态调整，以实现安全性、流动性和盈利性的最佳组合的管理活动。
3. 流动性风险：流动性风险是指商业银行无法及时获得充足资金或无法以合理成本及时变现资产，以应对到期债务支付或新的合理信贷要求的风险。
4. 贷款五级分类制度：贷款五级分类制度是我国商业银行按照贷款风险程度将贷款划分为正常、关注、次级、可疑、损失五类的一种风险管理方法。
5. 风险资本：风险资本是商业银行为了抵补其非预期损失而需要持有的最低资本量，它是基于银行资产的风险程度计算得出，用于满足监管机构对银行稳健运营的要求。
二、填空题1. 商业银行的核心业务包括______、______和______。
答案：吸收公众存款、发放贷款、办理结算。
2. 商业银行进行信用风险管理时，通常会采用______、______和限额管理等手段。
答案：风险分散、风险转移（或风险对冲）、信用评级。
3. 商业银行的资本充足率等于______除以______。
答案：核心一级资本+其他一级资本+二级资本；风险加权资产。
4. 根据巴塞尔协议III，商业银行需设置______和______，以增强抵御经济周期波动的能力。
答案：留存超额资本、逆周期资本缓冲。
5. 商业银行在开展个人住房贷款业务时，主要考虑的风险因素包括______风险、______风险和操作风险。
答案：信用风险、市场风险。
三、单项选择题1. 下列哪一项不属于商业银行的“三性原则”？A. 安全性B. 流动性C. 盈利性D. 公益性答案：D2. 在商业银行的资产中，通常被认为风险相对较低的是：A. 企业贷款B. 个人消费贷款C. 存放中央银行款项D. 股票投资答案：C3. 下列哪种情况可能导致商业银行的流动性风险增加？A. 大量短期存款客户突然集中提取存款B. 商业银行增加长期优质贷款投放C. 商业银行提高资本充足率D. 商业银行扩大同业拆借规模答案：A4. 下列关于商业银行资本的说法错误的是：A. 商业银行的资本可以分为核心一级资本、其他一级资本和二级资本B. 商业银行资本的主要功能是吸收可能发生的损失C. 商业银行的资本充足率不得低于8%D. 商业银行资本越多越好，无需考虑资本成本问题答案：D5. 关于商业银行的表外业务，下列说法正确的是：A. 表外业务不计入资产负债表，因此不存在任何风险B. 票据发行便利属于典型的表外业务C. 表外业务不会影响银行的当期损益D. 承诺类业务由于不涉及实际资金的运用，故无信用风险答案：B四、多项选择题1. 下列哪些属于商业银行的负债业务？A. 吸收公众存款B. 发行金融债券C. 贷款D. 代理买卖外汇E. 同业拆借答案：ABE2. 商业银行在进行信用风险控制时，可以采取的策略包括：A. 风险转移B. 风险分散C. 风险对冲D. 风险补偿E. 风险规避答案：ABCDE3. 关于商业银行的资本管理，以下说法正确的是：A. 资本充足率是衡量银行资本充足状况的关键指标B. 根据巴塞尔协议III，商业银行需设立储备资本和反周期资本缓冲C. 资本不仅用于吸收非预期损失，还可以提高银行信誉度和市场竞争力D. 经济资本是指银行为了应对极端不利情况下的潜在损失而需要持有的资本E. 商业银行应通过优化资本结构和提高资本使用效率来实现其资本管理目标答案：ABCDE4. 下列哪些业务属于商业银行的中间业务？A. 代客理财B. 信用卡业务C. 承兑汇票D. 结算业务E. 咨询服务答案：ABCDE5. 在商业银行经营管理中，流动性风险管理的重要措施有：A. 建立科学合理的流动性风险管理体系B. 保持充足的备付金水平C. 建立健全流动性风险监测与预警系统D. 制定有效的流动性应急计划E. 实施严格的贷款审批程序答案：ABCD五、判断题1. 商业银行主要通过存贷款利差获取利润，因此，扩大贷款规模是提升盈利能力的主要途径。
商业银行经营与管理作业一答案
商业银行经营与管理作业一答案第一篇：商业银行经营与管理作业一答案作业一答案一．1.√2.×3.√4.×5.√二．1.流动性、安全性、盈利性2.核心资本（一级资本）和附属资本（二级资本）3.品德、资本、能力、担保、环境条件4.多5.银行主导阶段、弱市场主导阶段、强市场主导阶段和证券化阶段三．1.①金融机构之间的资金借贷活动；②金融机构向同业借入的一种短期负债。
2.是指针对高端个人客户的特殊提供量身定做的商业银行服务、财富管理(信托)服务、国际资产传承规划服务、综合授信服务、金融咨询服务，以帮助客户达到个人财富保值增值及事业成长发展的双重目标。
3.是指将同一份资产卖出去再买进来的合约，资产持有人在将一笔资产卖出的同时,与买方约定在未来某一日期,再由卖方以约定价格从买方购回该笔资产的交易行为，实际是一种以资产为质押的短期借贷。
四．1.（1）借款人对贷款资金的使用情况（2）投资项目建设进度、质量以及竣工验收（3）生产经营情况的预测分析（4）财务状况及清偿能力（5）担保情况的变化：保证人、担保品（6）还本付息：落实还款来源(利润、折旧基金及其他)、贷款的回收、贷款展期2.（1）分子策略：增加资本总量、调整资本结构。
①内源资本策略：盈余公积金；②外源资本策略：发行股票、优先股或次级资本债务。
（2）分母策略：资产及业务结构调整，风险控制。
①压缩风险资产规模、优化资产结构以减少表内资产的信用风险暴露；②加强表外业务管理，选择转换系数及对应信用风险度较小的表外业务；③约束高风险的市场交易活动，缩小市场风险敞口；④强化内部控制，减少因系统失灵、操作失误或人员违规导致的操作风险。
第二篇：商业银行经营与管理课程作业1及答案（本站推荐）商业银行经营与管理课程作业1及答案最终成绩：96.0 一单选题1.储蓄现金业务风险管理中的一般业务是指A、不同账户当日累计金额在5万元(含)以下的储蓄存取款现金业务B、同一账户当日累计金额在5万元(含)以下的储蓄存取款现金业务C、同一账户当日累计金额在5万元至50万元(含)之间的储蓄存取款现金业务及错账冲正业务D、同一账户当日累计金额在50万元以上的储蓄存取款现金业务、特种大额定期储蓄存款和特种大额通知存款本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 4.0 用户解答： B、同一账户当日累计金额在5万元(含)以下的储蓄存取款现金业务标准答案： B、同一账户当日累计金额在5万元(含)以下的储蓄存取款现金业务2.商业银行在办理代理业务过程中：___ A可以为客户垫款B可以收取手续费 C要承担经济损失 D可以参与利益分配本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 4.0 用户解答： B可以收取手续费标准答案： B可以收取手续费3.与贷款五级分类相对应的贷款损失准备金制度应是（）。
商业银行管理答案
商业银行管理重点习题答案P1275-11∵总利息收入=2*总利息支出净利息收入=总利息收入-总利息支出=净利息支出=800∴总利息收入= 2*($800) = $1600 总利息支出= $800∵非利息收入=0.75*非利息支出净非利息收入=非利息收入-非利息支出=-0.25*非利息支出=-500∴总非利息收入= 0.75*($2000) = $1500 总非利息支出= $2000∵贷款损失预提=0.01*总利息收入∴贷款损失预提= .01*($1600) = $16所得税=0.3*未缴所得税前净收入=0.3*372=111.6∵税后净收入=未缴所得税前净收入-所得税=372-111.6=260.4= -股利∴股利=税后净收入-未分配利润增加额=260.4-200=60.4P1396-12ROE = 0.80*12 = 9.60 %∵ROE=ROA*股本乘数∴股本乘数=9.6/0.6=166-13ROE=净收入/股本=12/50=24%赋税管理效率=净收入/税前净收入=12/15=80%成本控制效率=税前净收入/运营收入=15/100=15%资产管理效率=运营收入/资产=100/600=16.67%资金管理效率=资产/股本=600/50=12P1506-4（题目“资产负债表”内数据有误，书中已改）空格填写：1.总利息收入=贷款利息与服务费收入+证券利息与股利=50+6=562.利息总支出=存款利息支出+非存款借款的利息支出=40+6=463.利息净收入=总利息收入-利息总支出=56-46=104.非利息总支出=工资和雇员福利+营业费用+其他非利息开支=10+5+2=175.税前经营收入=利息净收入-贷款损失准备金+非利息收入和服务费收入-非利息总支出=10-5+20-17=86.税前净经营收入=税前经营收入+证券收益（损失）=8+2=107.净运营收入=税前净经营收入-税赋=10-2=88.净收入=净运营收入+特别项目净收入=8+（-1）=7指标计算：1.ROE=净收入/总资本=7/80=8.75%2.ROA=净收入/总资产=7/980=0.71%3.利息净收益=利息净收入/总资产=10/980=1.02%4.资产利用率=总运营收入/总资产=（总利息收入+非利息收入和服务费收入）/总资产=（56+20）/980=76/980=7.76%5.权益乘数=总资产/总资本=980/80=12.256.税收管理效率=净收入/税前净经营收入=7/10=70%7.非利息净收益=非利息净收入/总资产=（非利息收入和服务费收入-非利息总支出）/总资产=（20-17）/980=0.31%8.经营净收益=（总运营收入-总运营成本）/总资产=[76-（46+5+17）]/980=8/980=0.82%9.收益率=总利息收入/总盈利资产-总利息支出/（生息存款+余额+留存收益）=56/860-46/710=0.033%10.净利润率=净收入/总运营收入=7/76=9.21%11.支出控制效率=税前净经营收入/总运营收入=10/76=13.16%12.资产管理效率=总运营收入/总资产=76/980=7.76%13.基金管理效率=总资产/总资本=980/80=12.2514.运营效率比率=总运营支出（含税收）/总运营收入=（46+5+17+2）/76=92.11%P1526.13今年ROA=（利息总收入-利息支出+非利息收入-非利息支出-贷款损失准备-收入税+证券净收益）/总资产=（40-24+4-8-2-1+2）/885=11/885=1.24%一年以前ROA=（利息总收入-利息支出+非利息收入-非利息支出-贷款损失准备-收入税+证券净收益）/总资产=（41-25+4-7-1-1+2）/880=13/880=1.48%两年以前ROA=（利息总收入-利息支出+非利息收入-非利息支出-贷款损失准备-收入税+证券净收益）/总资产=（42-26+3-7-1-0+1）/875=12/875=1.37%三年以前ROA=（利息总收入-利息支出+非利息收入-非利息支出-贷款损失准备-收入税+证券净收益）/总资产=（43-27+2-6-0-1+0）/860=10/860=1.16%四年以前ROA=（利息总收入-利息支出+非利息收入-非利息支出-贷款损失准备-收入税+证券净收益）/总资产=（44-28+1-5-0-0+0）/850=12/850=1.41%表各年份ROA变化趋势可以看出，该银行从四年前至今利息总收入在不断增加，利息支出在不断减少，但是净利息收入保持不变；非利息收入和非利息支出均在不断增加，非利息净收入基本维持稳定；贷款损失准备、证券净收益不断上升；总体来看，净收入基本保持稳定，总资产逐年上升，使得银行ROA波动下降，这可能是由于银行正在逐年增加资产。
《商业银行管理》课后习题答案IMChap17
CHAPTER 17BANK LENDING: POLICIES AND PROCEDURESGoal of This Chapter: To discover the features and characteristics of a sound bank loan policy and to examine some of the characteristics of problem bank loans.Key Terms Presented in This ChapterReal Estate Loans Cash flowFinancial Institutions Loans NoteAgriculture Loans Loan Commitment AgreementCommercial and Industrial Loans CollateralLoans to individuals Restrictive CovenantsWholesale lenders WarrantiesRetail Credit Events of DefaultCAMELS Rating Loan reviewCash Loan WorkoutsChapter OutlineI. Introducing Lending - The Principal Reason for the Existence of Banks and the Center ofBank RiskII. Types of Loans Made by Banks (Classified by Purpose)A. Real Estate LoansB. Financial Institutions LoansC. Agricultural LoansD. Commercial and Industrial LoansE. Loans to IndividualsF. Miscellaneous LoansG. Lease Finance ReceivablesIll. Factors Determining the Growth and Mix of Bank LoansA. Profile Characteristics of a Bank's Market AreaB. Role of Loan ParticipationsC. Role of Bank Size (Wholesale vs. Retail Lenders)D. Experience and Expertise of ManagementE. Bank's Loan PolicyF. Expected Yield to the BankIV. The Regulation of LendingA. The Loan Limit RuleB. Limitation on Real Estate LendingC. The Community Reinvestment ActD. Truth-in-Lending LawsE. Equal Credit Opportunity Laws221F. International Lending RulesG. Condition Ratings of Banks (The CAMELS)H. Examiner Loan RatingsV. Establishing A Written Loan PolicyA. Benefits of a Written Bank Loan PolicyB. Contents of a Written Bank Loan PolicyVI. Steps in the Lending ProcessA. The Sources of Loan Requests and Customer Contact ReportsB. Interviewing the Credit Customer and the Character IssueC. Site VisitsD. Processing the Loan RequestE. Monitoring Compliance With the Terms of a LoanVII. Credit Analysis: What Makes a Good Loan?A. Is the Borrower Credit Worthy?1. Character2. Capacity3. Capital (and Cash Flow)4. Collateral5. Conditions6. ControlB. Can the Loan Agreement Be Properly Structured and Documented?C. Can the Bank Perfect Its Claim Against the Borrower's Collateral?1. Reasons for Taking Collateral2. Common Types of Loan Collateral3. Other Safety Devices to Protect a LoanVIII. Sources of Information About Loan CustomersA. Credit BureausB. Publications of Financial InformationC. Information on Economic ConditionsIX. Parts of A Typical Loan AgreementA. The NoteB. Loan Commitment AgreementC. CollateralD. Covenants (Affirmative and Negative)E. Borrower Guaranties or WarrantiesF. Events of DefaultX. Loan ReviewA. The Purpose of Loan ReviewB. Elements of a Good Loan ReviewXI. Handling Problem Loan SituationsA. Signs of a Developing Problem Loan SituationB. Steps in Maximizing the Recovery of Bank Funds from a Problem Loan (the LoanWorkout Problem)XII. Summary of the Chapter222Concept Checks17-1. In what ways does a bank's lending function affect the economy of a local area or region?Bank credit is one of the most important sources of capital that fuels local economic growth and development. When banks make loans to support the development of new businesses and to aid the growth of existing businesses, new jobs are created and there is a greater flow of income and spending throughout the local economy.17-2. What are the principal types of loans made by banks?Bank loans are usually classified by the purpose of the loans. The most common classifications are real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, loans to financial institutions, credit-card and other loans to individuals, and agricultural production loans Bank loans may also be classified by maturity - over one year and one year or less.17-3. What factors appear to influence the growth and mix of bank loans?The particular mix of any bank's loan portfolio is shaped by the characteristics of its market area, the expected yield and cost associated with each type of loan, bank size, the experience of management, the bank's written loan policy and regulations.17-4 A bank's cost accounting system reveals that its losses on real estate loans average 0.45 percent of loan volume and its operating expenses from making these loans average 1.85 percent of loan volume. If the gross yield on real estate loans is currently 8.80 percent, what is the bank's net yield on these loans? Suppose that the same bank reports operating expenses of 2.95 percent and losses of 0.70 percent on loan volume and a net yield of 6.30 percent on commercial loans. What is the bank's gross yield on commercial loans?The bank's net yield on real estate loans must be:Net Yield on Real Estate Loans = 8.80% - 0.45% - 1.85% = 6.50%The gross yield on commercial loans would be:Gross Yield on Commercial Loans = 2.95% + 0.70% + 6.30% = 9.95%17-5. Why is bank lending so closely regulated by state and federal authorities?Bank lending is closely regulated because it is the center of risk for most banks. National banks in the U.S. are limited in the loans they can make to a single borrower by the size of each bank's capital and surplus. They also must limit their real estate loans based on the size of the bank's total time and savings deposits or capital. Discrimination against borrowers on the basis of their age, sex, religion, or national origin is prohibited by U.S. law. U.S. banks also cannot discriminate against borrowers from certain neighborhoods in their service areas.22317-6. What is the CAMELS rating and for what is it used?The CAMELS is a system used by federal bank examiners for evaluating the overall condition of a bank based upon the adequacy of its capital, the quality of its asset portfolio, its management quality, the adequacy of its earnings, its liquidity and its sensitivity to market risk.17-7. What should a good written bank loan policy contain?A good written bank loan policy should specify the goals of the bank's loan portfolio and program, describe an ideal loan portfolio for the bank and indicate the types of loans the bank normally will refuse to make, specify who has the authority to approve loans of varying type and size, the documentation requirements of different types of loans, and supply guidelines on loan pricing and collateralization for loan officers.17-8. What are the typical steps in a loan request from a customer?A loan officer usually takes or receives such a request initially and passes it along to the credit analysis division for technical review. Usually the recommendations of both the credit analyst and the loan officer are directed to a loan supervisor or loan committee for approval.17-9. What three major questions or issues are considered in evaluating nearly all loan requests?The three key issues with every loan:1. is the borrower credit worthy?2. can the loan agreement be properly structured and documented?3. can the bank perfect its claim against the borrower's collateral?17-10. Explain the meaning of the following terms: character, capacity, cash, collateral, conditions, and control?a. Character -- is the borrower serious about the purpose of a loan and intends to repay?b. Capacity -- does the borrower have the legal authority to sign and commit to a binding loanagreement?c. Capital -- does the borrower generate sufficient income or cash flow to properly service aloan?d. Collateral -- does the borrower possess assets of sufficient quality and value to backstop aloan?e. Conditions -- does the outlook for the economy and industry where a borrower is situatedadd strength to a loan?224f. Control -- does the proposed loan meet the bank's own quality standards and the standardsof bank examiners?17-11. A business borrower reports net profits of $2.1 million in the current year compared to $2.7 million the preceding year. Depreciation and other noncash expenses amounted to $0.7 million versus $0.6 million the previous year. Accounts payable for the current year amount to $20.9 million compared to $24.2 million the year before, while inventories total $8.4 million during the most recent year versus $7.8 million the previous year. In contrast, accounts receivable rise from $16.8 million the previous year to $20.1 million at the conclusion of the current year. The firm's projected cash flow can be estimated by either of two methods discussed in the text: Cash Flow Estimate A = $2.1 million + $0.7 million +($20.9 million - $24.2 million)for the Current Year - ($8.4 million - $7.8 million) –($20.1 million – $16.8 million)= - $4.4 million.Cash Flow Estimate B = $2.1 million + $0.7 million = $2.8 millionfor the Current YearThe previous year the cash flows amounted to:Cash Flow Estimate A = Not enough information to estimate thisfor the Previous YearCash Flow Estimate B = $2.7 million + $0.6 million = $3.3 millionFor the Previous YearClearly the firm's cash flow is falling, which suggests that the bank needs to find out the reasons for this decline before committing any of the bank's funds.17-12. What sources of information are available today for bank loan officers and credit analys ts to use in evaluating a customer loan application?Among the most widely used sources of information used in evaluating loans are financial statements supplied by the borrower and industry-wide performance ratios for comparison purposes supplied by such organizations as Dun and Bradstreet and Risk Management Associates (RMA).17-13. What are the principal parts of a loan agreement? What is each part designed to do?The most important parts of loan agreements include a signed note, a listing of covenants, documents specifying loan collateral, and a section describing what events or happenings will trigger default.17-14. What is loan review? How should a loan review be conducted?225Loan review is a process of periodic investigation of outstanding loans on a bank's books to make sure each loan is paying out as planned, all necessary documentation is present, and the bank's loan officers are following the institution's loan policy. While banks today use a variety of different loan review procedures, a few general procedures are followed by nearly all banks. These include:1. Carrying out reviews of all types of loans on a periodic basis.2. Structuring the loan review process carefully to make sure the most importantfeatures of each loan are checked.3. Reviewing the largest loans most frequently.4. Conducting more frequent reviews of troubled loans.5. Accelerating the loan review schedule if the economy slows down or if industries inwhich the bank has made a substantial portion of its loans develop significantproblems.Loan review is not a luxury but a necessity for a sound bank lending program. It not only helps management spot problem loans more quickly but also acts as a continuing check on whether loan officers are adhering to a bank's loan policy. For this reason, as well as to promote objectivity in the loan review process, many of the largest banks separate their loan review personnel from the loan department itself. Loan reviews also aid senior management and the bank's board of directors in assessing the bank's overall exposure to risk and its possible need for more capital in the future.17-15. What are some warning signs to bank management that a problem loan may be developing?Problem loans are often characterized by reduced communication between borrower and lender, delays in receiving financial reports, evidence of reevaluations of assets (such as inventory or pension-plan assets), declining stock prices, changes in management, or the restructuring of other loans the borrower has taken out.17-16. What steps should a banker go through in trying to resolve a problem loan situation?The most important first step is to move quickly to contact the borrower, to ascertain if the borrower understands the nature of the loan problem, to explore for creative solutions to the problem, and to get the borrower to reach a decision on the best solution possible.Problems17-1. Karakee V. Corporation, seeking renewal of its $12 million credit line, has the following cash flow estimates (in millions of dollars) based upon the data recently reported by the company to Whelington National Bank:Proj. for19X1 19X2 19X3 19X4 Next Year226Cash Flow Estimate 1(Net Profit + Noncash Expenses) $15.6 $15.8 $16.0 $15.1 $14.5Cash Flow Estimate 2(Net Profits + Noncash Expenses+ Added Accounts Payable –Added Accounts Receivableand Added Inventories) - $15.7 $16.1 $15.2 $14.2Clearly, under both measures of cash flow Karakee is experiencing a significant decline in its actual and estimated cash flow, which suggests a careful look at the firm's financial statements and operations before renewing its credit line for the full amount requested. Of special concern is the steady buildup in accounts receivable and inventory as well as the firm's growing reliance on its suppliers for credit (accounts payable).17-2. Silsbee Manufacturing and Service Company has an appliance inventory currently valued at $16,357,422 and accounts receivable of $8,452,867. The text says that inventory loans commonly amount to 30 percent to 80 percent of the inventory's estimated market value and account-receivable based loans commonly amount to 40 to 90 percent of estimated market value.These figures suggest that the minimum size credit line available would be:Minimum-Size Credit Line Available = 0.30 x $16,357,422 + 0. 40 x $8,452,876= $4,907,227 + $3,381,147= $8,288,374.The maximum sized credit line available would be:Maximum-Size Credit Line Available = 0.80 x $16,357,422 + 0.90 x $8,452,876= $13,085,938 + $7,607,588= $20,693,526.17-3. The particular C of credit represented by each piece of information presented in this problem was as follows:a. Collateralb. Controlc. Characterd. Cashe. Capacityf. Conditionsg. Character h. Cash i. Conditionsj. Control k. Capacity l. Collateral17-4. ButelI Manufacturing has an outstanding $11 million loan with Citicenter Bank. Selected items reported to the bank by the company do indicate the possible development of a problem loan situation. For one thing, Butell's cash account has fallen sharply in the latest month after several months of a substantial uptrend and the firm's liquidity ratio of current assets to current liabilities has declined significantly in the last 3 months. Decreases in the firm's liquidity position may be signaling declining sales and/or difficulty in maintaining enough cash to meet near-term liabilities.227Another possible cause for concern centers around Butell's capital structure as its ratio of equity capital relative to debt financing is falling, indicating that creditors (including Citicenter Bank) are providing a larger share of the firm's capitalization. Thus, each creditor is becoming less well secured. However, these changes in liquidity and capital structure may only reflect normal seasonal pressures and may not be real problems for the bank, especially because other aspects of Butell's recent performance--its stock price, earnings before interest and taxes, and ROA seem to be improving.Perhaps of greater moment is the decline of sales revenue below Butell's projections. As of the latest month sales revenue reached $290 million versus a projection of $298 million. Citicenter Bank must determine the causes of this sales shortfall to see if the firm is encountering increasing resistance to sales of its product lines. However, even this trend may not be cause for alarm because sales may be so volatile in Butell's industry that few analysts put any faith in sales projections. The bank's loan officer needs to review the customer's earlier sales projections and sales revenue to determine if there is a real cause for concern.Butell has indicated a recent switch in inventory and depreciation accounting methods. Citicenter's loan officer would do well to inquire into the reasons for these changes because they may reflect an attempt by the firm to offset actual or potential future losses in some aspect of its operations.17-5. Which of the following restrictive loan covenants are affirmative or negative covenants?a. Restrictions on payment of dividends represent negative loan covenants.b. A requirement to insure selected assets is an affirmative loan covenant.c. Restrictions against taking on new debt represent negative loan covenants.d. The requirement 6f filing periodic financial statements with the bank is anaffirmative loan covenant.e. A requirement of securing bank approval before adding to a borrower's stock offixed assets is considered a negative loan covenant.f. Requiring a borrowing customer to maintain a current ratio -- a liquidity measure--no lower than 1 .5x is an affirmative loan covenant.g. The stipulation that prior bank approval of a proposed merger must be obtained is anegative loan covenant.16-6. The particular C of lending which applies to each loan factor is listed below:Character Capacity Cash Collateral Conditions ControlCredit rating Corporateresolution LiquidreservesInsurancecoverageCompetitiveclimate forcustomersproductAdequatedocumentationExperience of other lenders Driver’slicenseExpensecontrolAssetspecializationExpectedmarket shareWritten loanpolicyPurpose of Social Inventory Guarantees Business Changes in228loan security card turnover andwarrantees cycle accountingstandardsPayment record History offirmProjectedcash flowsAssetliquidationPerformanceof comparablefirmsBanking lawsand regulationsCustomeridentityPrice earningsratioChanges intechnologyIndustryoutlookPartnershipagreementCoverageratiosObsolescence InflationoutlookManagementqualityLiens Wages in thelabor marketLeverage FuturefinancingneedsEconomists’ForecastsAccountsReceivablesTurnoverAccountsPayableTurnoverWeb Site Problems1. If you wanted to find out about regulations applying to bank lending where would you look on the web? Why do you think this area has become so important lately?Most of the banking regulatory agencies have information about lending regulations. One place that I found that listed the latest regulations on the web was the Kansas City Federal Reserve at /bs&s/finalreg/regsmain.htm. I think bank lending has become important recently for several reasons. One reason is that the economy has been doing so well and many individuals and businesses have increased their borrowing. However, since the economy is starting to cool this area will continue to be important as bankruptcies and loan losses rise.2. Are you interested in becoming a loan officer? A credit analyst? Where on the world wide web could you find information on new job listings in banking?There are many places that list banking jobs. One place that I found after doing a search was /. On this web site you could search by state or look at all states. People can post resumes on this site as well as look for a job or look for a potential employee.3. Suppose you were hired as a consultant by a bank’s loan department to look at their controls to minimize loan risk. You know the bank is concerned that their principal government supervisory agency is going to take a hard look shortly at how their loan department is managed and the risks in its loan portfolio. Where on the Internet could you look to find some guideline on how to control and manage bank credit risk? List two or three suggestions for credit risk control that you found at the web site or sites you investigated.229The Basel Committee has a list of publications which include several documents related to improving a bank’s credit risk management at /bcbs/publ.htm. Many of these publications provide detailed advice as to how to deal with credit risk. For example in the Basel Committee’s publication of Principles for the Management of Credit Risk, they mention the areas that this publicat ion can help with. This publication of the Basel Committee states “The sound practices set out in this document specifically address the following areas: (i) establishing an appropriate credit risk environment; (ii) operating under a sound credit-granting process; (iii) maintaining an appropriate credit administration, measurement and monitoring process; and (iv) ensuring adequate controls over credit risk. This publication can be read for more specific information about each of these areas. This should help the consultant address these issues for their bank.230。
商业银行管理学_湖南大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
商业银行管理学_湖南大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.计算净利差率时，利息支出包括的因素有参考答案:存款利息支出_同业存入利息支出_发行债券利息支出_拆入款项利息支出2.商业银行用于弥补尚未识别的可能性损失的准备金是参考答案:一般准备金3.《巴塞尔资本协议》规定商业银行的核心资本与风险加权资产的比例关系为参考答案:≥4%4.利率浮动的资产中有一部分来自固定利率负债的情形属于参考答案:正缺口5.持续期缺口为商业银行资产与负债（）的长期决策提供了一个综合性的测算指标。
参考答案:利率风险管理6.商业银行中长期借款包括（）。
参考答案:发行长期金融债券7.商业银行的被动负债是（）。
参考答案:吸收存款8.使商业银行负债成本最低的存款为（）。
参考答案:同业存款9.一笔或一组金融资产或负债以现值方式收回其价值的时间是指参考答案:持续期_投资回收期10.存款按存款资金性质及计息范围划分为财政性存款和（）。
参考答案:一般性存款11.商业银行存款管理的目标不包括（）。
参考答案:降低存款的流动性12.聚合信用风险模型频带的划分方法包括参考答案:基于泊松分布_加权平均13.商业银行人员的素质包括参考答案:智力素质_知识素质_品德素质_心理素质14.下列哪些项目属于商业银行的资产？参考答案:存放同业款项_贷款15.将不同时期贷款的最高点连成线, 这就形成了商业银行的 ( )。
参考答案:长期贷款趋势线16.经营活动产生的现金流量包括参考答案:向中央银行借款净增加额_客户贷款及垫款净增加额_向其他金融机构拆入资金净增加额_客户存款和同业存放款项净增加额17.商业银行报表附注中要披露的内容包括参考答案:资产负债表日后非调整项目的说明_或有和承诺事项的说明_重要会计政策_报表的编制基础18.下列措施中, 属于风险补偿机制范畴的有 ()。
参考答案:抵押 (或质押)_提取呆账准备金19.在比较分析中通常采用的指标评价标准有参考答案:历史标准_同业标准_计划标准_法定标准20.持有者有权在某一时刻以敲定的价格购买某一持有者有权在某一时刻以敲定的价格购买某一基础金融工具，但也有权不购买属于基础金融工具，但也有权不购买属于参考答案:看涨期权21.股权收益率分解成三因素进行分析，包括的因素有参考答案:资产利用率_股东权益乘数_收入净利率22.体现在劳动者身上的资本属于参考答案:人力资本23.担保业务包括参考答案:备用信用证_银行承兑汇票_各类保函24.下列属于负债管理策略的有参考答案:金融产品销售管理_资金购买管理25.商业银行资产管理战略的管理方式包括参考答案:商业性贷款管理_资产转换管理_预期收入分析26.流动性管理的必要环节包括（）。
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《商业银行管理学》课后习题及题解第一章商业银行管理学导论习题一、判断题1. 《金融服务现代化法案》的核心内容之一就是废除《格拉斯－斯蒂格尔法》。
2. 政府放松金融管制与加强金融监管是相互矛盾的。
3. 商业银行管理的最终目标是追求利润最大化。
4. 在金融市场上，商业银行等金融中介起着类似于中介经纪人的角色。
5. 商业银行具有明显的企业性质，所以常用于企业管理的最优化原理如边际分享原理、投入要素最优组合原理、规模经济原理也适用于商业银行。
6. 金融市场的交易成本和信息不对称决定了商业银行在金融市场中的主体地位。
7. 企业价值最大化是商业银行管理的基本目标。
8. 商业银行管理学研究的主要对象是围绕稀缺资源信用资金的优化配置所展开的各种业务及相关的组织管理问题。
9. 商业银行资金的安全性指的是银行投入的信用资金在不受损失的情况下能如期收回。
二、简答题1. 试述商业银行的性质与功能。
2. 如何理解商业银行管理的目标？3. 现代商业银行经营的特点有哪些？4. 商业银行管理学的研究对象和内容是什么？5. 如何看待“三性”平衡之间的关系？三、论述题1. 论述商业银行的三性目标是什么，如何处理三者之间的关系。
2. 试结合我国实际论述商业银行在金融体系中的作用。
第一章习题参考答案一、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.√5.×6.√7.×8.√9.√二、略；三、略。
第二章商业银行资本金管理习题一、判断题1. 新巴塞尔资本协议规定，商业银行的核心资本充足率仍为4％。
2. 巴塞尔协议规定，银行附属资本的合计金额不得超过其核心资本的50%。
3. 新巴塞尔资本协议对银行信用风险提供了两种方法：标准法和内部模型法。
4. 资本充足率反映了商业银行抵御风险的能力。
5. 我国国有商业银行目前只能通过财政增资的方式增加资本金。
6. 商业银行计算信用风险加权资产的标准法中的风险权重由监管机关规定。
二、单选题1. 我国《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》规定，计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的。
A. 20%B. 50%C. 70%D. 100%2. 商业银行用于弥补尚未识别的可能性损失的准备金是。
A. 一般准备金B. 专项准备金C. 特殊准备金D. 风险准备金3. 《巴塞尔协议》规定商业银行的核心资本与风险加权资产的比例关系。
A. ≧8%B. ≦8%C. ≧4%D. ≦4%三、简答题1．试述商业银行资本金的功能。
2. 试述商业银行资本金的构成。
3. 试述1988年巴塞尔协议的基本内容。
5. 试述商业银行提高资本充足率的途径。
四、论述题试论述现阶段我国商业银行提高资本金的策略。
第二章习题参考答案一、判断题1.× [题解]新巴塞尔协议商业银行核心资本充足率为8%。
2.× [题解]巴塞尔协议规定，银行附属资本的合计金额不得超过其核心资本的100%。
3.√ [题解]银行信用风险计量包括标准法和内部评级法两种。
4.√ [题解]资金越充足，缓冲损失的能力越强。
5.× [题解]也可通过发行普通股，优先股，次级长期债券来增加资本金。
6.× [题解]新巴塞尔协议规定，监管机关规定只能对其监督检查。
二、单选题1. B [题解]附属资本的合计金额不得超出其核心资本的100%，长期次级债券最多只能为核心资本的50%，普通准备金和普通呆账准备金占风险资产的比例最多不超过%，在特别的情况下可达2%。
2. A [题解]依据一般准备金的定义。
3. A [题解]核心资本与风险加权资产是核心资本充足率。
三、简答题1. 试述商业银行资本金的功能。
1. [题解]商业银行资本金包括营业功能、保护功能、管理功能。
试述商业银行资本金的构成。
2. [题解]商业银行资本金的构成包括普通资本和优先资本。
普通资本包括普通股、资本盈余、未分配利润等，优先资本包括优先股、资本票据和资本债券、可转换债券等。
试述1988年巴塞尔协议的基本内容。
3. [题解]1988年巴塞尔协议的基本内容包括划分资本、规划资产的风险权重、规定商业银行资本充足率的最低标准、过渡期安排。
试述商业银行提高资本充足率的途径。
4. [题解]商业银行提高资本充足率有2种途径：1、分子对策，即提高资本总量，如采用内源资本策略（留存盈余、股息政策）和外源资本策略发行普通股、发行优先股、发行次级中长期债券）来提高资本总量；2、分母对策，即压缩银行资产规模调整资产结构。
四、论述题1. 试论述现阶段我国商业银行提高资本金的策略。
1. [题解]商业银行提高资本金有两种策略，即内源资本策略和外源资本策略。
内源资本策略是指增加内源资本，即增加以留存收益方式形成的资本；外源资本策略是指通过发行普通股、发行优先股、发行长期次级债券等形式来增加资本。
第三章商业银行负债业务管理习题一、判断题1. 商业银行向中央银行借款可以用于投资。
2. 欧洲货币市场借款利率一般以LIBOR为基准。
3. 市场渗透定价法不强调利润对成本的弥补。
4. 高负债是商业银行区别于其他企业的重要标志之一。
5. 对商业银行来说存款并不是越多越好。
6. CDs存单是一种面额较大、不记名发行但不能在二级市场流通转让的定期存款凭证。
7. 我国目前资本市场利率仍然是市场利率与计划利率并存。
8. 负债是商业银行资金的全部来源。
二、单项题1. 商业银行存款管理的目标不包括。
A. 保持存款的稳定性B. 降低存款的成本率C. 降低存款的流动性D. 提高存款的增长率2. 存款按存款资金性质及计息范围划分为财政性存款和。
A. 个人存款B. 定期存款C. 一般性存款D. 单位存款3. 使商业银行负债成本最低的存款为。
A. 同业存款B. 有奖存款C. 定期存款D. 活期存款4. 商业银行的被动负债是。
A. 发行债券B. 吸收存款C. 同业拆借D. 再贷款5. 下列借入负债中被采用“隔日放款”或今日货币形式的为。
A. 同业拆借B. 回购协议C. 间接借款D. 再贴现6. 商业银行可长期利用的存款，称为。
A. 流动性存款B. 原始存款C. 定期存款D. 发行长期金融债券7. 商业银行中长期借款包括。
A．同业拆借 B. 回购协议C. 中央银行借款D. 发行长期金融债券8. 同业借款不包括。
A. 同业拆借B. 再贴现C. 抵押借款D. 转贴现9. 目标利润定价法的核心在于。
A. 严格测算各种存款的营业成本B. 计算存款的历史加权成本C. 确定存款的边际成本D. 确定存款的风险成本10. 商业银行吸收的存款中稳定性最好的是。
A. NOW账户B. 定活两便存款C. 储蓄存款D. 自动转账服务账户11. 商业银行的存款成本除了利息支出，还包括。
A. 办公费B. 员工工资C. 差旅费D. 非利息支出12. 关于同业拆借说法不正确的是。
A. 同业拆借是一种比较纯粹的金融机构之间的资金融通行为。
B. 为规避风险，同业拆借一般要求担保。
C. 同业拆借一般不需向中央银行缴纳法定存款准备金，降低了银行的筹资成本。
D. 同业拆借资金只能作短期的用途。
三、多选题1. 商业银行负债按负债的流动性可分为。
A. 流动负债B. 应付债券C. 其他长期负债D. 应付账款2. 下列属于存款的创新种类的是。
A. 可转让支付命令账户B. 大额可转让定期存单C. 货币市场账户D. 个人退休金账户3. 影响存款成本定价的因素包括。
A. 市场利率的水平B. 存款的期限结构C. 银行的盈利性D. 客户与银行的关系4. 商业银行借入资金应考虑的因素包括。
A. 借入资金的规模B. 借入资金的期限C. 借入资金的相对成本D. 借入资金的分险E. 借入资金的法规限制5. 商业银行国内市场借款的主要方式有。
A. 转贴现B. 向央行借款C. 同业拆借D. 发行金融债券E. 证券回购协议6. 价格定价法中价格表按收费条件包括。
A. 免费定价B. 有条件免费定价C. 浮动费率D. 固定费率7. 以下属于商业银行“主动型负债”的是。
A. 存款B. 同业拆借C. 再贴现D. 金融债券E. 转贴现四、计算题1. 假定一家银行筹集了500万的资金，包括200万的活期存款，300万定期存款与储蓄存款。
活期存款的利息和非利息成本为存款的8%，定期存款和储蓄存款总成本为10%。
假如储备要求减少银行可使用资金的数额为活期存款的15%，储蓄存款的5%。
求该银行负债的加权平均成本率。
2. 某银行可通过7%的存款利率吸引50万元新存款。
银行估计，若提供利率为%，可筹集资金100万元；提供8%利率可筹集存款150万元；提供%的利率可筹集存款200万元；提供9%的利率可筹集存款250万元。
如果银行投资资产的收益率为10%，由于贷款利率不随贷款量的增加而增加，贷款利率就是贷款的边际收益率。
存款为多少时银行可获得最大的利润呢？五、简答题1. 简述商业银行负债的性质。
2. 简述商业银行负债业务的作用。
3. 简述商业银行负债业务经营管理的目标。
4. 简述商业银行借入资金时应考虑的因素。
5. 负债对商业银行管理有何意义。
6. 商业银行借入资金时一般有哪些渠道。
7. 商业银行存款定价通常有哪些方法。
六、论述题论述你对存款立行观点的看法。
第三章习题参考答案一、判断题1.×2.√3.√4.√5.√6.×7.√8.×二、单选题10. C三、多选题四、计算题1. 加权平均成本率=全部负债利息总额/全部负债平均余额×100%=[（200×8%+300×10%）/（200×85%+300×95%）] ×100%=%2. 利润=贷款收益-存款成本（1）（10%%）×100+50×%-50×7%=（2）（10%-8%）×150+50×8%-50×7%=（3）（10%%）×200+50×%-50×7%=（4）（10%-9%）×250+50×9%-50×7%=所以采取第三种方案可以获得最大利润。
五、略；六、略；七、略。
第四章商业银行贷款业务管理（一）习题一、判断题1. 五级分类法中，不良贷款包括可疑贷款和损失贷款两类。
2. 质押贷款的质物指借款人或第三人的不动产。
3. 补偿性余额实际上是银行变相提高贷款利率的一种表现形式。
4. 资金边际成本是指商业银行每增加一单位可用于投资或贷款的资金所需支付的利息、费用成本。
5. 一般担保条件下，借款人贷款到期没有归还银行贷款，担保人即应承担第一还款人责任。
二、单选题1. 按担保合同规定，借款人贷款到期不能偿还银行付款时、按约定由担保人承担偿还贷款的责任，此类贷款称之为。