专项训练定语从句知识点总结

专项训练定语从句知识点总结
专项训练定语从句知识点总结

专项训练定语从句知识点总结

一、定语从句

1.(江苏省淮安市2015年中考英语试)--- What are you doing? ---I’m reading the book

______you lent me last week.

A.what B.who C.when D.that

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】

考点:考查关系代词。

【详解】

试题分析:句意:-你在做什么?-我正在读你上周借给我的书。what 什么,不引导定语从句;who谁,先行词是人;when什么时候,先行词是时间;that那个,先行词是人或物。根据句意可知,这里是一个定语从句,修饰前面的名词the book,指物,故应选D。

2.-Have you got ready for the soccer game?

-Yes,I've done everything ___________ I can to win the game.

A.who B.that C.which

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你准备好参加足球比赛了吗?——是的,我已经尽我所能来赢得比赛。本题考查定语从句的连接词,who的先行词是人,that的先行词是人或物,which的先行词是物。当先行词是不定代词时,只能用that,不能用which,故答案为B。

【点睛】

引导定语从句的关系代词有:that(指人或物),which(指物),who(指人)。指人时可用that或who,指物时可用that或which,但有时只能用that不能用which。常见的情况有下列五种:

当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。例如:

Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么可以为你做的吗?

All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。

当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:

That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

当先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。例如:

My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。

当王句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who。以避免重

复。例如:

Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?

)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that不用which。例如:

The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。

3.—Do you know the boy over there?

—The one is holding a ball? Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil.

A.what B.which C.who D.不填

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你认识那边那个男孩吗?——那个拿着球的人?哦,他是我的邻居菲尔。本题考查定语从句。A. what什么;B. which哪一个;C. who谁。what引导的是主语,表语和宾语从句。what不能引导定语从句。因为定语从句是形容词性质的。而what所引导的是名词性从句。两者结构不同。所以排除A;分析句子The one is holding a ball? 的结构可知,本题缺少的是主语,且关系词在定语从句中做主语,不能省略。故选项D不对;我们知道:who 的先行词是人,which的先行词是物。本题的The one是指上文的the boy over there,指人的先行词,因此应该用who来引导。故选C。

4.Sweet wormwood(青蒿)is a common plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman

_________used the special power of the plant to save __________lives.

A.which, millions of B.who, millions of

C.whose, million of D.who, million of

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:青蒿是中国常见的一种植物,而屠呦呦是利用这种植物的特殊力量拯救数百万人生命的女人。考查定语从句的关系代词和数词短语。本句先行词the woman是人,关系词在定语从句中做主语,可知使用关系代词who;短语millions of:数以百万的;故选B。

5.—Tomorrow is Father’s Day. What’s your surprise for your father?

—The first thing____ I will do is to make a card for him.

A.who B.where C.whose D.that

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——明天就是父亲节了。你想给你的父亲什么样的惊喜?——我要做的第一件事就是为他做一张卡片。

A. who谁;

B. where哪里;

C. whose谁的;

D. that用来引出从句。当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时,引导词用that来引导。空前面的先行词是The first thing,是序数词,因此本题的引导词应该用that。故选D。

6.All the classmates enjoyed the cake _________I made at the party. It was really delicious. A.that B.who C.what

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:所有的同学都喜欢我在聚会上做的蛋糕。真的很好吃。A. that 关系代词;先行词是人或物;B. who关系代词,先行词是人;C. what什么,通常不能引导定语从句。I made at the party.是定语从句修饰先行词the cake,在这里是物,用关系词that。根据题意,故选A。

7.This is the book tells many English stories.

A.what B.which C.who

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:这是那本讲诉很多英语故事的书。此处定语从句修饰先行词book, 故排除what和who,此处关系代词which在定语从句中作主语。故选B。

【考点定位】考查定语从句的用法。

8.Music is the only thing ______ can help me to relax after a long day of hard work. A.which B.that C.who

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:音乐是可以在努力工作的一天后,帮助我放松的唯一一件事。which修饰事物,引导定语从句;that修饰事物,引导定语从句;who修饰人,引导定语从句。此处修饰先行词thing,有the only修饰,故用that引导定语从句。故选B。

9. -- In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.

-- And another example is F2F______ stands for face to face.

A.that B.who C.whom D.it

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:在短信中,88的意思是再见。——在另一个例子是F2F表示面对面.结合语境可知下文先行词F2F做下文定语从句的逻辑主语,指物,故引导词用that,选A。

考点:考查定语从句

10.They want to develop a kind of dog-friendly food _________ will help dog owners cool down their pets.

A.who B.what C.which D.whether

【答案】C

【解析】

考查定语从句的引导词。句意“他们想研制一种对狗有好处的狗粮,这种狗粮会帮助狗的主人安定他们的宠物。”先行词food指物,排除who;what不能引导定语从句;which指物。故选C。

11.—Have you seen my watch anywhere, Lucy?

—Is it the one your uncle bought for you in Hong Kong?

A.who B.what C.that D.when

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:-露西,你在哪儿看到我的表了吗?-是你叔叔在香港给你买的那一块吗?后句是一个带有定语从句的复合句,先行词the one指事物“表”,关系词用that。故选C。

考点:考查连词辨析。

12.I will never forget the people and the things_______ I saw on the Great Wall.

A.who B.which C.whom D.that

【答案】D

【解析】

句意:我永远不会忘记我在长城看到的人和事。本句考察定语从句的关系词。A. who关系词,先行词为人;B. which关系词,先行词为物;C. whom关系词,先行词为人,在句中作宾语; D. that关系词,先行词为人或物。在定语从句中,当先行词既指人也指物时,如:the people and the things,关系词采用that。故选D。

13.The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.

A.who is singing B.is singing C.sang D.was singing

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:正在隔壁房间唱英文歌曲的女孩是汤姆的姐姐。

这里使用了定语从句,先行词是the girl,定语从句中缺少主语,用who或that引导定语

从句,故选A。

14.Do you have books about famous scientists ________ are suitable for children to read?

A.what B.which C.who D.whom

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意“你有关于科学家方面的适合小孩子读的书吗?”。本题考查定语从句。A.定语从句中没有what;B.which指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;C.who指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;

D.whom指人,在从句中作宾语。根据句意可知,先行词为books指物,在从句中作主语,故选B。

15.The leaders from eight countries attended the Shanghai cooperation organization summit in Qingdao got the welcome of the Chinese people.

A.whom B.what C.who D.which

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:出席上海合作组织青岛峰会的8国领导人受到中国人民的欢迎。考查关系代词辨析。what不是关系词,可排除。whom和who都用于先行词是人时,但whom用作宾语,who用作主语或宾语;which用于先行词是物时。本句先行词The leaders是人,可排除which;关系词在从句中做主语,可排除whom。根据句意结构和语境,可知选C。

16.---How do you like the Sun Island?Is it worth visiting?

---Sure. It’s one of the best places I have ever been to.

A.which B.that C.who

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:----你觉得太阳岛怎么样?值得一游吗?----当然。这是我去过的最好的地方之一。考查定语从句引导词。本句先行词places是物,引导词在定语从句中作宾语,可知用that或which引导此定语从句,但先行词有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导此定语从句。故选B。

【点睛】

定语从句是用作定语的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。引导定语从句的词叫引导词,引导词分为关系代词

(that/who/whom/which/whose)和关系副词(when/where/why)。引导词连接先行词和定语从句,在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。先行词是物时,用that或which引导定语从句;当先行词是人时,用who或that

引导定语从句。(一)、当先行词是物时,只用that的情况:1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。3.当先行词本身是all的,用that.(all that=what).(that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略)4.先行词为

something, anything, nothing, everything, thing等不定代词时,用that。5.当先行词前有all, much, little, many,(a) few, every, some, any, no, only, the very,one of, the only, the last, the next等修饰语时。(二)、先行词既有人又有物时,或当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时,用that引导以避免混淆。7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时,用that。

17.Kids,I hope you’ll remember the good old days____we spent together in junior high though it’s time to say goodbye.

A.who B.what C.which

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:孩子们,虽然到了说再见的时候了,我希望你们将记住那些我们一起在初中度过的美好的旧时光。who关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;what什么,不能引导定语从句;which关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知,这里考查定语从句,先行词是the good old days,从句中spent后缺少宾语,应用关系代词which引导,故应选C。

18.The number of people_____were killed in the accident_____been announced yet. A.that; haven′t B.who; hasn′t C.which; hasn′t D.who; haven′t

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:在事故中死亡的人的数量还没有被公布。第一空后_____were killed in the accident是定语从句,先行词是people,指人的所以可以用that或who,第二空缺少的是谓语动词,句子的主语是The number 单数,所以谓语动词也用单数形式,故选B。

考点:考查定语从句及主谓一致的用法。

19.-Do you know the boy father is from Japan?

-Yes, his name is Mike.

A.whom B.who C.which D.whose

【答案】D

【解析】

句意:——你认识那个其父亲来自日本的男孩吗?——是的,他的名字叫迈克。考查定语从句。先行词the boy是人,不可用指物的which,可排除C。who和whom虽指人,但用于人称,空格后有名词father,所以空格需填表物主的whose。根据句意结构,可知选D。

20.My favorite actor is Jackie Chan _____is from China.

A.who B.whom C.whose

【答案】A

【解析】

句意:我最喜欢的演员是成龙,他来自中国。who关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom也可以引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中作宾语;whose…的。根据句意可知,这个引导词指代的是Jackie Cheney,并在从句中作主语,故应选A。

21.The young man __________ is a friend of mine.

A.who I had a talk B.whom I had a talk with

C.whom I had a talk D.which I had a talk with

【答案】B

【解析】句意:和我交谈的那个年轻人是我的一个朋友。短语have a talk with sb和某人交谈;空格处是定语从句,先行词 man是指人的,关系词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,故选B。

22.—Can I help you, sir?

—I want a new book was written by Cao Wenxuan.

A.what B.where C.which D.who

【答案】C

【解析】

句意:-先生,需要帮忙吗?-我想要一本曹文萱写的新书。本题考察定语从句,先行词a new book表示物,引导词为that或which,所以答案为C。

23.Do you know the man_______ gave out food a few days ago?

A.who B.which C.whose D.whether

【答案】A

【解析】

句意:你认识那个几天前分发食物的男士吗?这里是定语从句。A. who引导定语从句,先行词是指人的;在定语从句中做宾语或主语; B. which 引导定语从句,先行词是指物的;在定语从句中做宾语或主语; C. whose引导定语从句,先行词是指人或指物的;在定语从句中做定语; D. whether是否。不能引导定语从句。The man先行词,是指人的,故选A。

24.--- What do you think of him?

--- I hate people ____ talk much but do little.

A.who B.whom C.which D.whose

【答案】A

【解析】

本题修饰名词people是一个定语从句,先行词是人,关系词在从句中作主语,故关系词可用who,故本题选A。

25.Wang Yangming is a great educationalist developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen. A.which B.what C.who

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:王阳明是教育界的一位伟大的教育家,他的大部分思想都是在修文中发展起来的。

A. which关系词,引导定语从句,先行词是物;

B. what不能引导定语从句;

C. who关系词,引导定语从句,先行词是人,根据 educationalis指人,所以用who,故选C。

26.— What do you think of lemon?

— Terrible. I like fruit ________ tastes sweet.

A.who B.what C.which D.when

【答案】C

【解析】

【分析】

试题分析:句意:你认为柠檬怎么样?——很糟糕,我喜欢甜的水果。A. who在定语从句中指人;B. what 不能用作定语从句的关联词;C. which指物;D. when指代时间。关系代词which指代fruit,在定语从句中做主语。

考点:考查关系代词的用法。

【详解】

请在此输入详解!

27.We have decided to sell five things ________ we no longer use.

A.that B.where C.who

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意“我们已经决定卖5个我们不再用的东西”。

本题考查定语从句。A.关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;B.关系副词,表示地点,在从句中作状语;C.关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语和宾语。本句话中,先行词为five things,指物,且在从句中作宾语,用that,故选A。

28. Chinese Spelling Hero is a popular TV show ________ focuses on Chinese character writing among teenagers.

A.that B.who C.whom D.what

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:《汉字英雄》是一个受欢迎的电视节目,侧重于青少年的汉字书写。此句是个复合句-定语从句,先行词TV show是物,先行词是物时用引导词that,在定语从中作主语,结合句意和语境可知选A。

考点:考查定语从句。

29.When Robinson got to the island,the first thing _________he did was to look for some food.

A.who B.which C.that D.What

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:当鲁滨逊?克鲁索到达岛上时,他做的第一件事就是寻找一些食物。本题考查定语从句。先行词指物且被序数词first修饰,故只能选用关系词that。因此C项正确。

考点:考查定语从句。

30.According to the survey, women ________drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than ________who don’t.

A. who; that B. /; these

C. who; those D. / ; /

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意为:据调查,每天喝超过两杯咖啡的女人比那些不喝咖啡的女人患心脏疾病的机会大得多。根据语境可知,本题考查的是定语从句的引导词和代词的用法。在定语从句中,引导词由先行词而定,who的先行词指人。此外,这里指的是“喝咖啡与不喝咖啡的那些女人”的比较,代词应用those,表示同名同物,故应选C。

考点:考查引导词和指示代词的用法。

31.-1 like to live in a room ___________ is big and bright.

A.that B.where C.how

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:我想住一个又大又明亮的房间。that那;where哪里;how怎么。先行词room在定语从句中作主语,可用关系代词that代替,所以选A。

考点:考查定语从句。

32.--Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua? --The man _______ T-shirt is red.

A.that B.who C.which D.whose

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】

考点:考查连词辨析。

【详解】

试题分析:句意:——李华,哪个是你的新邻居?——T恤是红色的那个男士。男士的T 恤,表示所有关系,用关系词whose,故选D。

33.Most students like the teachers understand them well.

A.which B.who C.where D.when

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:绝大多数的学生都喜欢能够很好理解他们的老师。分析:考查定语从句的用法,先行词是the teacher,先行词在从句中作主语,因此引导词用who.故选 B

考点:考查定语从句的用法。

34.Yu Guangzhong is a famous writer and poet______ wrote the well-known poem Nostalgia (《乡愁》) and passed away on December 14th, 2017.

A.who B.which C.what D.whose

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:余光中是一位著名的作家和诗人,曾写过著名的《乡愁》,于2017年12月14日去世。考查定语从句。A. who谁;B. which哪一个;C. what什么;D. whose谁的;由题干可知本题考查定语从句,先行词指的是人,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用who来引导;故答案选A。

35.—What did you do in today’s history class?

— We talked about the characters __________ achieve fame in our Chinese history.

A.when B.what C.where D.who

【答案】D

【解析】

D

试题分析:句意:你们在今天的历史课上做了什么?——我们谈论了在我们的中国历史上有名望的人物。此句考查定语从句,先行词characters指人,故关联词用who,在从句中作主语,答案为D。

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