政治类英语词汇
政治类英语词汇
politics 政治
constitution 宪法
legislation 立法
Democrats 民主党
Republicans 共和党
Amendment 修正案
Congress 美国国会
Senate 参议院
House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制
anarchism 无政府主义
federal system 联邦制
presidential system 总统制
municipal 市的，市政的
metropolitan 大都市的
centralized 中央集权的
ideology 意识形态
tariff 关税
immigrant 移民
institutionalize 机构化
election 选举
vote 投票poll 投票，投票数，民意测验office holding 任职
veto 否决
American Revolution 美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战
radical 激进的,根本的
overturning 颠覆性的
independent 独立的
breathtaking 激动人心的
military 军事的
colonize 拓殖，殖民
per capita 人均
treason 叛国
conspiracy 阴谋
imprisonment 监禁
release 释放
pardon 特赦
accusation 谴责，指控
welfare 福利
patronage 资助，赞助
unionization 联合，结合
列举一些常见诸报端的外来语：
attache [法语] 随行人员glasnost [俄语] 公开性；开放
jujitsu [日语] 柔术karate [日语] 空手道
laissez-faire [法语] 自由主义Lebensraum [德语] 生存空间
per annum [拉丁语] 每年rapport [法语] 和睦；友好
rendezvous [法语] 约会(地点) sumo [日语相扑
karaoke; judo; per capita; tai chi chuan; tsunami
英语报刊中经常借用的人名、物名、建筑物名称乃至别名等专有名词多属习常见惯的。如：
Big Apple (大苹果)美国纽约市
Big Board (纽约证券交易所的大行情板)纽约证券所／纽约股市
Broadway (百老汇大街)美国或纽约市商业性戏剧(业)
City of Angels (天使城)洛杉矶City of Brotherly Love (博爱城)费城
City by the Golden Gate (金门城)旧金山市Crescent City (新月城)新奥尔良市
Dice City (赌城)(美国以夜总会和赌场著称的)拉斯韦加斯市
Empire State (帝国州)纽约州Fun City (逍遥城)纽约市
Golden State (黄金州)加利福尼亚州Hollywood (好莱坞)美国电影业；美国电影界Hub of the Universe (宇宙中心)波士顿市
Madison Avenue( 美国广告业中心)麦迪逊大街美国广告业／美国商业
Mother of Presidents (总统之母)美国弗吉尼亚州或俄亥俄州
Steel City (钢城)匹兹堡市Windy City (多风城)芝加哥市
White House(白宫)美国政府；美国总统
the City [(英国首都伦敦市中心)伦敦城] 英国商业界；英国金融界
Fleet Street (舰队街)英国新闻界Scotland Yard (苏格兰场；伦敦警察局)伦敦警方Elysee [(法国总统官邱)爱丽舍宫]法国政府；法国总统
Maginot Line [(第二次大战前法国所筑防御阵地体系)马其诺防线]盲目行动；迷恋于维持现状
Quai d'Orsay [(法国外交部附近地名)凯道赛码头]法国外交部；法国外交政策；
法国政府
Bermuda／Bermuda Triangle [百慕大(魔鬼)三角]危险的禁区
Horn of Africa (非洲之角)索马里和埃塞俄比亚
cancer-causing drug 致癌药物policy-making body 决策机构
Peace-keeping force 维和部队Oil-producing country 产油国
long-standing issue 由来己久的问题
wide-spreading AIDS 到处蔓延的艾滋病
高级官员high-ranking official
深远意义far-reaching significance blood-cemented friendship 鲜血凝成的友谊贫困地区poverty-stricken area
外向型经济export-oriented economy deep-rooted social problems 根深蒂固的社会问题
quick-frozen food 速冻食品
外资企业foreign-owned enterprise
愁眉苦脸的失业者long-faced job loser dimly-lit room 光线昏暗的房间
well-informed source 消息灵通人士
薪水丰厚的工作richly-paid job
尖端技术highly-sophisticated technology inflation-proof deposit 保值储蓄
vehicle-free promenade/ street 步行街
无息贷款interest-free loan
labor-intensive enterprise 劳动力密集型企业arms-reduction talks 裁军谈判
year-end report 年终报告
labor-management conflict 劳资冲突
供求失调supply-demand imbalance long-term，low-interest loan 长期低息贷款top-level talk 最高级会谈
fair-trade agreement 互惠贸易协定
远程核导弹long-range nuclear missile ?100-metre dash 百米赛跑
one-man government 独裁政府
one-way street 单向道
21-gun salute 21响礼炮
?face-to-face talk 会晤；面晤
hand-to-mouth pay 温饱工资
?地对空导弹ground-to-air missile
?dusk-to-dawn curfew 彻夜宵禁
?touch-and-go affair 一触即发的局势middle-of-the-road policy 中立政策
be-kind-to-animal campaign 保护动
物运动
see-while-you-talk phone 可视电话?good-to-excellent care; 无微不至的关怀;
?on-the-spot interview现场采访
on-the-job training; 在职培训;
one-country-two-system policy一国两制的政策
China‘s actual conditions be honest in performing one’s official duties
build a clean and honest government; construction of a clean government
abuse of power for personal gain；misuse of power for private interest
corruption reporting centre be responsible for one's own profit and loss
jack up price single youth above the normal matrimonial age
high-tech business incubator; pioneer park创业园
中国国情廉洁奉公廉政建设以权谋私
举报中心自负盈亏哄抬物价大龄青年
“物质文明”（material progress ）、“精神文明”（intellectual and ideological development）、“宰客”（rip off）、“打白条”（issue IOUs）、“关系网”（network of personal connections ）、“下海”（risk one’s fortune in business）、“跳槽”（job-hop）euthanasia（安乐死），AIDS, elevated highways （高架道路），information superhighway，cell phone，value-added tax （增值税），hula hoop（呼拉圈），surfing （冲浪运动），talk show（访谈节目；谈话类节目) lucky draw vicious circle Yangtze River delta tax avoidance
Localization settling-in allowance interdisciplinary talent
jerry-built project worse off than some, better off than many
fight corruption and build a clean government real estate market
Comfortable Housing Project distribution according to one's performance to buy a house on mortgage; to mortgage a house
抽奖恶性循环长江三角洲避税
本土化；本地化安家费复合型人才
豆腐渣工程比上不足，比下有余
反腐倡廉房地产市场
安居工程按劳分配按揭购房
Service industry/ service trade Pet clinic Inter-city train Green hand
Multinational company Passive smoking; second-hand smoking
Copyright reserved Money worship Start from scratch
century-old shop Host country countdown Crack down on fake products Protective umbrella
find a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a moneybag
窗口行业宠物医院城际列车菜鸟，新手
跨国公司被动吸烟版权所有拜金主义
白手起家百年老店东道国倒计时
打假保护伞傍大款
英语词汇学及答案
英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
管理英语专业词汇
管理学英语专业词汇 A access discrimination 进入歧视 action research 动作研究 adjourning 解散 adhocracy 特别结构 administrative principle 管理原则 artifacts 人工环境 artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠 avoiding learning 规避性学习 ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略 B balance sheet 资产负债表 bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵 bona fide occupation qualification?善意职业资格审查 bounded rationality 有限理性 bureaucracy 官僚机构 benchmarking 标杆瞄准 bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用 C computer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam) 计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产 confrontation 对话 consortia 企业联合 change agent 变革促进者
chaos theory 混沌理论 chari?matic leaders 魅力型领导者 charity principle 博爱原则 coercive power 强制权 cohesiveness 凝聚力 collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值 competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会 constancy of purpose 永久性目标 contingency approach 权变理论 corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件 current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 流动负债 culture strength 文化强度 creative department 创造性部门 craft technology 技艺性技术 contextual dimension 关联性维度 continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段 clan control 小团体控制 clan culture 小团体文化 coalition 联合团体 collaborative 协作网络 centrality 集中性 centraliazation 集权化
英语词汇学教程参考题答案(杨信彰)
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.
英语词汇学教程(练习答案)(1)解析
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
英语词汇学课后答案张维友编
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案 【Chapter 1】 7．tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid 【Chapter 2】 Ex.1 The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案
试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor
【西大2017版】[0057]《英语词汇学》网上作业题及答案
[0057]《英语词汇学》 第一次作业 [论述题] Exercise 1 Definitions Define the following terms with illustrative examples. 1. aliens 2. denizens 3. homophones 4. metonymy 5. dialect 6. backformation 7. acronym 8. semantic loan 9. bilingual dictionary 10. polysemy 参考答案： Exercise 1 Definitions 1. aliens Aliens are words borrowed from a foreign language without any change of the foreign sound and spelling. These words are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin. For examples, "coup d'état”, "résumé”, "régime”, etc. are all Aliens of French borrowings. 2. denizens Denizens are easily associated with already existing native words. They are successfully assimilated. They are foreign words which have been conformed to native English in accent, form (spelling) and even in adoption of an English affix. E.g. uncertain (the English prefix un- + certain, French by origin). 3. homophones Homophones are words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. sun, son; piece and peace; etc. 4. metonymy Metonymy is one way of meaning transference whereby the name of one thing is changed for that of another, to which it is related by association of ideas. For example, when I say "I am reading Shakespeare (meaning Shakespeare's works), I am using metonymy. 5. dialect Dialect refers to a variety of a language peculiar to some districts and having no normalized literary form. For example, Shanghai dialect is spoken peculiarly in Shanghai but there's no literary work peculiarly written in Shanghai dialect. 6. back formation
管理学英语词汇
管理学英语词汇 目标mission/ objective. 内部环境internal environment. 环境external environment . 集体目标group objective. 计划planning . 组织organizing. 人事staffing . 领导leading . 控制controlling . 步骤process. 原理principle. 方法technique . 经理manager. 总经理general manager. 行政人员administrator . 主管人员supervisor . 企业enterprise . 商业business . 产业industry . 公司company . 效果effectiveness . 效率efficiency. 企业家entrepreneur . 权利power . 职权authority. 职责responsibility . 科学管理scientific management . 现代经营管理modern operational management . 行为科学behavior science . 生产率productivity . 激励motivate . 动机motive. 法律law. 法规regulation. 经济体系economic system . 管理职能managerial function. 产品product . 服务service . 利润profit. 满意satisfaction . 归属affiliation.
尊敬esteem . 自我实现self-actualization. 人力投入human input . 盈余surplus . 收入income. 成本cost . 资本货物capital goods . 机器machinery. 设备equipment . 建筑building. 存货inventory. 经验法the empirical approach. 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach . 集体行为法the group behavior approach . 社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach. 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach . 决策理论法the decision theory approach . 数学法the mathematical approach . 系统法the systems approach . 随机制宜法the contingency approach . 管理任务法the managerial roles approach . 经营法the operational approach . 人际关系human relation . 心理学psychology . 态度attitude. 压力pressure. 冲突conflict . 招聘recruit 鉴定appraisal 选拔select . 培训train . 报酬compensation. 授权delegation of authority. 协调coordinate. 业绩performance . 考绩制度merit system. 表现behavior. 下级subordinate. 偏差deviation . 检验记录inspection record . 误工记录record of labor-hours lost . 销售量sales volume . 产品质量quality of products . 先进技术advanced technology .
大学英语词汇学教程参考答案
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”.
英语词汇学作业答案
1、American women were________the right to vote until1920after many years of hard struggle. 1.A.ignored 2.B.neglected 3.C.denied 4.D.refused 2、The antonym of soft is in“a________voice”and in“a________cushion”. 1.A.rough,hard 2.B.rough,rough 3.C.hard,rough 4.D.hard,hard 3、The figure of speech employed in“My father is a sanitary engineer”is _________. 1.A.hyperbole 2.B.euphemism 3.C.litotes 4.D.metonymy 4、Mrs.Smith is afraid that she and her husband don’t see_________on New Year Resolutions. 1.A.face to face 2.B.eye to eye 3.C.back to back
4.D.heart to heart 5、Among the synonymous group,old man,daddy,dad,father and male parent,_______ would most probably used by a lawyer in the court. 1.A.dad 2.B.old man 3.C.father 4.D.male parent 6、Our teacher is now not with us.Aha!When the________is away,the________ will play. 1.A.tiger,monkeys 2.B.cat,mice 3.C.hawk,birds 4.D.old,young 7、I could give an opinion________,but I would rather think about it. 1.A.off the sleeve 2.B.off the cuffs 3.C.off the cuff 4.D.off the sleeves 8、Choked traffic has been a(n)________to urban transportation system. 1.A.archenemy 2.B.primary enemy
英语词汇学 英语词汇学习题2及答案
试题二 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example A. lewd → ignoran t B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated
2019年西南大学作业答案[0057]《英语词汇学》
西南大学网络与继续教育学院 课程代码： 0057 学年学季：20191 单项选择题 1、The earliest known native language of England is ________. .Celtic .Scottish .Saxon .Anglian 2、In the 19th century, gold was first ________ in California. .incovered .recovered .uncovered .discovered 3、Which of the following word is NOT a compound?（） .darkroom .wet day .small talk .hot dog 4、“ex-” in ex-husband reads ________ and means ________. ./Iks/, “former” ./eks/, “former” ./Iks/, “out”
./eks/, “out” 5、My sister lives 1000 miles away from us, so I only got to see her ________. .once in a blue moon .one time in a blue moon .one time in a moon .once in a moon 6、In the Early Modern English Period, ________ exerted the greatest influence(s) on English. .Chinese .Latin and Greek .German .French 7、— Does Tom smoke? — No. He is a _______. .unsmoker .nonsmoker .dissmoker .insmoker 8、Words such as priest, bishop, monk, nun, candle, etc. are of ________ origin. .Russian .Indian .Latin .Greek
管理学英语词汇
管理学英语词汇激励motivate 动机motive 法律）law （1法规目标mission/ objective regulation 经济体系group objective economic system 集体目标管理职能内部环境internal environment managerial function 产品external environment product 外部环境 管理学必备英语词汇计划planning 服务service 组织organizing 利润staffing profit 人事满意领导leading satisfaction 归属affiliation 控制controlling 尊敬process esteem 步骤自我实现原理principle self-actualization 人力投入方法technique human input 盈余经理manager surplus 收入总经理general manager income 成本cost administrator 行政人员 资本货物capital goods 主管人员supervisor 机器machinery enterprise 企业 设备equipment 商业business 建筑building industry 产业 存货inventory 公司company effectiveness 效果（2）效率efficiency 经验法entrepreneur 企业家the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior 权利power approach authority 职权集体行为法responsibility 职责the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social scientific management 科学管理systems approach 现代经营管理modern operational 社会技术系统法the social-technical management systems approach 行为科学behavior science 决策理论法生产率productivity the decision theory approach 1 11 /