英语写作基础自考题 22

英语写作基础自考题-22

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、{{B}}Ⅰ.{{/B}}(总题数：6，分数：12.00)

1.Confidence that was built after each win.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Confidence was built after each win.)

解析：[解析] 这是一个由从属连词引起的破句。从属连词是用来引导从句的，一个句子中仅有从句是不完整的，语法不合乎要求，语义也不完整，修正这类破句的办法是为其增补主句，也可以通过删除从属连词，使句子的前后两部分通过其他方式来连接。在此句中，只需把从属连词that去掉即可。

2.Where to go, when to start and what other things we should pay special attention to. We have

to discuss now.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(We have to discuss now where to go, when to start and what other things we should pay attention to.)

解析：[解析] 此题也是由从属连词引起的破句。改正方式是和后一句话连接起来，组成一个句子，前一句话作宾语从句。

3.She got A's in her math exam by using her pocket calculator. Which she was not allowed to use

at school.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(She got A's in her math exam by using her pocket calculator which she was not allowed

to use at school.)

解析：[解析] 破句指把句子的一部分当成一个句子导致的病句。本题属于由关系代词引起的破句。从句必须依附于一个有意义的单独存在的主句。根据句意，这里which引导定语从句，先行词为her pocket

calculator。修改时只需将后半部分依附于前半部分，即which小写，两句之间的句号去掉即可。

4.Charlotte loved the movie Gone with the Wind, but Lyde hated it. His chief objection being that

it lasted four hours.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Charlotte loved the movie Gone with the Wind, but Lyde hated it. His chief objection

was that it lasted four hours.)

解析：[解析] 本题是由于错用-ing分词导致缺少谓语动词的破句类型。第二句中的主语为his chief

objection，that及其后面的部分为表语，可见本句缺少谓语动词，根据全句的时态应将being改为is的过去时态was。

5.He failed a number of courses before he earned his degree. Among them, English, Economics and General Biology.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Among the courses he failed before he earned his degree were English, Economics and General Biology.)

解析：[解析] 这是一个因增加细节引起的破句，这种破句通常缺少主语或者谓语。改正这类破句的一般方法是把破句与其前具有完整意义的话语连接起来，为破句增加主语和谓语动词，必要时可改变字词。此题改正时应该把后面的破句同前一句连起来，让前一句作为定语从句修饰courses。

6.He took courses in the humanities. Such as French Literature and the Russian Novel.

）2.00（分数：

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正确答案：(He took courses in the humanities, such as French Literature and the Russian Novel.)

解析：[解析] 这是一个因增加细节引起的破句，这种破句通常缺少主语或者谓语，它们常以for example，also，except，such as，including，especially等开头。改正这类破句的一般方法是把破句与其前具有完整意义的话语连接起来，为破句增加主语和谓语动词，必要时可改变字词。此题只需把后一句加到前一句上，用逗号隔开即可。

二、{{B}}Ⅱ.{{/B}}(总题数：20，分数：40.00)

7.Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, offers convenience, and it is not

very expensive.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Many people choose air transportation because it is fast, convenient, and inexpensive.)

解析：[解析] 这道题错误出在错误的平行结构。平行结构是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来。如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式来表达，就破坏了平行结构。这是一个含有多项平行的句子，在多项平行句中，把一组词组连续地排列起来，使意义与结构均保持平行，这样才能结构对称美观。在这句话中，在描述乘飞机的好处时用到了系表结构、动宾结构，破坏了平行结构，所以只要把动宾结构的词组改为系表结构即可。

8.Because he said nothing does not mean that he agreed to your proposals.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(He said nothing does not mean that he agreed to your proposals.)

解析：[解析] 这道题的错误出在作主语的从句用连词引导了。表示因果关系的连词不能用作主语从句的引导词。所以在改正时只需删除连词because即可。

9.James Joyce's Ulysses, a long and complicated novel and which is on our reading list, has been banned by the school board.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(James Joyce's Ulysses, which is a long and complicated novel, and which is on our reading list, has been banned by the school board.)

解析：[解析] 这道题错误出在错误的平行结构。平行结构是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来。如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式来表达，就破坏了平行结构。这是一个含有多项平行的句子，在多项平行句中，把一组词组连续地排列起来，使意义与结构均保持平行，这样才能结构对称美观。在这句话中，作主语同位语的是一个名词短语，又有一个定语从句修饰主语，结构不对称，所以要把名词短语也改为定语从句。

10.You should strive to cooperate with your colleagues to bring about change, for improving communication and professional development.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(You should strive to cooperate with your colleagues to bring about change, to improve communication, and to further professional development.)

解析：[解析] 这道题错误出在错误的平行结构。平行结构是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来。如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式来表达，就破坏了平行结构。这是一个含有多项平行的句子，在多项

平行句中，把一组词组连续地排列起来，使意义与结构均保持平行，这样才能结构对称美观。在此题中，“to bring about change”，“for improving communication and professional

development”都是目的状语，应构成平行结构，因此把短语for改成不定式短语以达到平行效果。

11.I want either to study English or study world history.

（分数：2.00）

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(I want to study either English or world history.)

正确答案：

解析：[解析] 此句错误出在并列连词的使用上。并列连词(如either...or；neither...nor；not only...but also；both...and)连接的前后两个部分必须具有相同对称的语法结构，在此题中，连词either...or前后连接的两个成分“to study English”和“study world history”语法结构不同，因此要把后面词组改为不定式词组，以达到平行对称效果。

12.When we arrived home we unpacked our suitcases, took showers, and then we went to sleep after

eating our lunch.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(When we arrived home we unpacked our suitcases, took showers, ate our lunch, and went

to sleep.)

解析：[解析] 这道题错误出在错误的平行结构。平行结构是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来。如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式表达，就破坏了平行结构。这是一个含有多项平行的句子，在多项平行句中，把一组词组连续地排列起来，使意义与结构均保持平行，这样才能结构对称美观。在这道题中，前面的句子是两个动宾词组描述动作，后面又出现一个并列分句描述动作，所以结构不对称，应该把后面一句话也改为动宾词组。13.Daisy was an adult, married, and had a young daughter.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Daisy was a married adult, and had a young daughter.)

解析：[解析] 本题为与多项平行结构有关的病句。本题介绍了主语的三种情况，即成人、已婚、有个小女儿；这三种情况意思上并列，在语法结构上却没有并列，修改时可把这三项都改为相应名词形式。

14.In the evening we would swim in the lake and dancing afterward.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(In the evening we would swim in the lake and dance afterward.)

解析：[解析] 本题的错误为错用平行结构。平行结构要求平行结构部分语法功能相同。本句中，and连接两个并列的谓语，它前面用动词原形swim，后面就不能用动名词dancing，应把它改为原形dance。

15.Our school's computers are more advanced than your school.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Our school's computers are more advanced than your school's.)

解析：[解析] 本题属于错用平行结构导致的病句。more...than...结构在比较两个事物时，两个事物的性质要求相同。根据句意，该题显然是对两个学校的计算机进行比较，而后面的句子被比较对象成了your

school显然不妥，应改为所有格形式your school's用以代替your school's computers。

16.You should strive to cooperate with your co—workers to improve communication, for furthering professional development and to bring about change.

（分数：2.00）

正确答案：(You should strive to cooperate with your co—workers to improve communication, to

further professional development, and to bring about change.)

解析：[解析] 本题属于错用平行结构导致的病句。原句子to improve...用了不定式，后面又用了for furthering...，两者之间显然结构上不平行，可都改为不定式的形式。

17.He has always and will always exert himself for the highest honors.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(He has always exerted himself and will always exert for the highest honors.)

解析：[解析] 本题属于错误平行结构中的错误的省略导致的病句。本题完整的句子应为He has always

exerted himself for the highest honors, and will always exert himself for the highest honors.

前面的句子谓语结构不全，只有助动词，这在英语中是不要的。修改时应将主要谓语部分补全。and

18.Our new car not only is more economical but also it is more comfortable than our old one.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Our new car not only is more economical but also more comfortable than our old one.)

解析：[解析] 本题属于错误平行结构导致的病句。not only...but also...要接语法上功能相同的词组或句子，前面not only修饰的是more economical，故后面but also也应修饰同样结构的词，即more

comfortable。

19.Preston has never and cannot be wholly honest with himself.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Preston has never been and cannot be wholly honest with himself.)

解析：[解析] 本题属于错误平行结构中错误的省略导致的病句，修改方法是将动词与助动词分别搭配，若时态有误则该平行结构便不成立。

20.Tom Clark, wise and intelligent, and who is our union representative, has been promoted to foreman.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Tom Clark, who is wise and intelligent, and who is our union representative, has been promoted to foreman.)

解析：[解析] 这道题错误出在错误的平行结构。平行结构是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来。如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式来表达，就破坏了平行结构。这是一个含有多项平行的句子，在多项平行句中，把一组词组连续地排列起来，使意义与结构均保持平行，这样才能结构对称美观。在这句话中，修饰Tom Clark 的有短语也有句子，结构不对称，所以要把短语改成定语从句以达到平行美。

21.Preston has never and cannot be wholly honest with himself.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Preston will never and cannot be wholly honest with himself.)

解析：[解析] 此病句属于错误省略句。在平行结构中，省略掉关键的词，会使搭配不当，句意模糊。检查方法是：将动词与助动词分别搭配，若时态有误，该平行结构便不成立。在此句中，助动词“has”搭配的动词时态是现在完成时been，而cannot搭配的是动词原形be。因此，平行结构不成立。改正时，应在每个助动词后加上相应时态的动词形式。

22.His grades are not as satisfactory as Jim.

（分数：2.00）

正确答案：(His grades are not as satisfactory as Jim's (grades).)

解析：[解析] 首先来看译文，他的分数没有吉姆考的令人满意。此句话是错误的平行结构导致的病句。平行结构需要把意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来。该题中his grades不能与Jim做比较，应改为Jim's(grades)。

23.Mother could not persuade me that giving is as much a joy as to receive.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Mother could not persuade me that giving is as much a joy as receiving. /Mother could

not persuade me that to give is as much a joy as to receive.)

解析：[解析] 本题属于错误平行结构中的由关联词引起的并列错误导致的病句。as much as前后要接同等语法成分，前面为giving时后面应为receiving，前面为to give时后面应为to receive.

24.He always has and always will compete for the highest honours.

）2.00（分数：

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正确答案：(He always has competed and always will compete for the highest honours.)

解析：[解析] 此病句属于错误省略句。在平行结构中，省略掉关键的词，会使搭配不当，句意模糊。检查方法是：将动词与助动词分别搭配，若时态有误，该平行结构便不成立。在此句中，助动词“has”搭配的动词时态是现在完成时competed，而will搭配的是将来时compete。因此，平行结构不成立。改正时，应在每个助动词后加上相应时态的动词形式。

25.Our new car not only is more economical but also it is more comfortable than our old one.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Our new car is not only more economical but also more comfortable than our old one.)

解析：[解析] 此题需要注意的是修饰语not only要尽量放在离被修饰词最近的地方，通常放在被修饰词前，因此not only 要放在“more economical”之前，考虑到句子结构的对称，“but also”后的“it is”应去掉。

26.I cannot decide whether I should remain in school or to withdraw.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(I cannot decide whether to remain in school or to withdraw.)

解析：[解析] 这道题错误出在错误的平行结构。平行结构是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来。如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式来表达，就破坏了平行结构。在此句中，从句引导词whether后面的两个词组由于结构不同，所以造成不对称，在改正时应该把第一个词组“I should

remain in school”改为“to remain in school”，这样既和第二个词组结构相同对称，而且使句子显得更简练。

三、{{B}}Ⅲ.{{/B}}(总题数：7，分数：14.00)

27.He learned how to categorize and draw animals accurately. (parallel structrue)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(He learned how to categorize and how to draw animals accurately.)

解析：[解析] 原句是一个简单句，要求转换为平行结构。从句意和句子结构上看，能转化的只有how to categorize and draw这部分。由于平行结构要求同等语法功能的那些部分结构相同，所以可将其转换为how to categorize and how to draw这种形式。

28.At the international museum, you can find ancient Egyptian art. You can explore African

artifacts there. You can discover beautiful textiles from around the world there. (parallel

structure)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(At the international museum, you can find ancient Egyptian art, explore African

artifacts, and discover beautiful textiles from around the world.)

解析：[解析] 平行结构是把两个或两个以上的意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来。也就是说，在同一个句子中，如果几部分做的是相同的句子成分，那么这几部分内容必须是词性相同的单词或结构相同的短语或句子。本题中三个短句子中主语相同，谓语部分词性相同，结构相同，所以重写句子时，将谓语部分中情态动词后面的部分并列即可。

29.My sister was a teacher, a school principal, and finally she became a successful business executive. (parallel structure)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(My sister was a teacher, a school principal, and finally a successful business

executive.)

解析：[解析] 阅读原句发现，如果要用并列结构修改原句，能修改的部分只能是将原句三个表语部分并列起来，因为整句话主语均一致，且均为系表结构。译文：我姐姐曾是一个教师，一个学校校长，最后她成了一个成功的商业执行官。

30.Jack applied for a job. He went for an interview. He was hired. (parallel structure)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Jack applied for a job, went for an interview, and was hired.)

解析：[解析] 原句含有三个简单句。要求合并成平行结构。原句主语均为同一人，而谓语动词不同，故合并时可以将谓语部分并列。译文：杰克申请了工作，参加了面试，最后被录用了。

31.Many people choose travel by air. It is fast. It offers convenience. It is not very expensive. (parallel structure)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Many people choose travel by air because it is fast, convenient, and inexpensive.)

解析：[解析] 原句由四个简单句组成，要求合并成平行结构。由句意可以看出，本题可以并列的部分只能是后三句中对乘飞机的描述性的词语，fast，convenience及not expensive。并列时三个词词性应为同一类，故将convenience

改为它的形容词convenient，not expensive改为与它同意义的单词inexpensive。后三句是对第一句原因的阐述，故选用because将它们连结起来。

32.I want neither your sympathy nor do I want your pity. (sentence with parallel structure)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(I want neither your sympathy nor your pity. /Neither do I want your sympathy nor do

I want your pity.)

解析：[解析] 译文：我既不需要你的同情，也不需要你的怜悯。该题要求改为包含平行结构的句子。平行结构是指把两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来，使句子对称流畅，富有节奏感。本题中neither your sympathy nor your pity是主语想要表达的意思。它们均作主语I的宾语，地位相同。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/b4513306.html,key is the most beautiful one of the group of girls. She is also the most intelligent and

the most resourceful one of them. (sentence with parallel structure)

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(Lakey is the most beautiful, the most intelligent, and the most resourceful one of

the group of girls.)

解析：[解析] 首先来看译文，lakey是这群女孩中最漂亮的，她也是最聪明和最机灵的。该题要求改为包含平行结构的句子。平行结构是指把两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表达出来，使句子对称流畅，富有节奏感。本题中，the most beautiful，intelligent和resourceful是lakey的三个特点，它们地位相同，均可作lakey的定语，所以，只要将它们并列作one(指lakey)的定语即可。

四、{{B}}Ⅳ.{{/B}}(总题数：6，分数：12.00)

34.She paid five dollars for a dress at the county fair that she wanted.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(At the county fair, she paid five dollars for a dress that she wanted.)

解析：[解析] 本题错误为修饰语错置引起的。that she wanted是用来修饰a dress的，在位置上应紧随其后。否则读者会误以为that she wanted的先行词是county fair。

35.That woman just bought her dog a milkshake in a red skirt.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(That woman in a red skirt just bought her dog a milkshake.)

解析：[解析] 本题是由修饰语错置引起的病句。in a red skirt是对主语that woman的修饰，它位于句的，所以，应将其放在其所修饰的主语之后。milkshake尾会让读者误认为是修饰．

36.A garish poster attracts the visitor's eye on the east wall.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(A garish poster on the east wall attracts the visitor's eye.)

解析：[解析] 本题属于修饰语错置引起的病句，原句中on the east wall是对poster的修饰，故应放在其后。

37.The teacher assigned the homework to the students that was too difficult.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(The teacher assigned the students the homework that was too difficult. /The teacher assigned the homework that was too difficult to the students.)

解析：[解析] 首先来看译文，这个老师给学生们布置的家庭作业太难了。该题为修饰语错置导致的病句。根据题意，从句that was too difficult的先行词应为the homework，而不是与它紧邻的the students，修改时将先行词与从句靠近即可。

38.Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and the plays which were based on historical events.

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and history/historical plays.)

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39.He was staring at the girl by the vending machine (投币式自动售货机)wearing dark glasses.

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(By the vending machine, he was staring at the girl wearing dark glasses.)

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