【艺术类院校大学英语第一册】前八单元课后翻译
英语第一册前八单元课后翻译
Unit 1
1.The Taj Mahal is made of fine white marble.
2.Few buildings on earth can compete with the beauty of the Taj Mahal.
3.The green trees in the garden make the white wall look even whiter.
4.By the pool, you can see your own reflection in the water.
5.The house is perfect for our family.
Unit 2
1.Ieoh Ming Pei has made great contributions to the architecture of the world.
2.He is someone who has truly influenced the modern architecture world.
3.We have attempted to stop his action, but failed completely.
4.Ieoh Ming Pei is one of the most prolific architects of our times.
5.He has incorporated both eastern and western ideas into his designs.
Unit 3
1.Whether you like it or not, you must read over the book.
2.In terms of art collections, the Louvre is the largest and most famous museum in the world.
3.An artist must make contact with the nature so as to be creative.
4.This landscape is similar in color to one of Claude Monet’s.
5.He looks more like a laborer than an artist.
Unit 4
1.Different from western paintings, a Chinese painting is not restricted by the focal point in his perspective, proportion or light.
2.According to the means of expression, we can divide Chinese painting into two categories: the xieyi school and the gongbi school.
3.It can be said that the adoption of shifting perspective is one of the characteristics of Chinese painting.
4.He has put forward a unique aesthetic theory.
5.A painting is to convey not only the appearance of an object, but also an artist’s feelings. Unit 5
1.The ancient Chinese artists used bronze to make sculptures, and horses were their favorite subjects.
2.Chinese have turned acrobatics into an art.
3.Colors stand for different characters in Beijing Opera. For example, red is for loyalty and courage and black for uprightness.
4.Painting is one of “The Three Perfections” of Chinese arts.
5.Beijing Opera, as a traditional artistic form, is extremely popular in China.
Unit 6
1.It is imaginable that computer can be used to compose and play music.
2.With appropriate software, computers can be used as teaching aid.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b57141560.html,puters are not likely to replace the pianos or pallets.
4.Although computers have been widely used, its application in art area still needs to be discovered further.
5.They have tired all the available means to solve the problem.
Unit 7
1.Mozart was one of the greatest composers in the Classical period, and his works (compositions) were typical classical music.
2.In China, the folk music in the east is greatly different from that in the west.
3.As time goes by, he is more and more popular with the young.
4.Listening to music makes them happy.
5.She played the violin, accompanied by her mother on the piano.
Unit 8
1.If you combine your talent with your diligence, you’ll succeed.
2.Formed under the influence of the Blues, Rhythm-and-Blues is a type of modern American music with a strong beat.
3.Parents play an important role in their children’s education.
4.With the development of computer technology, computer-generated music has been widely used.
5.Y ou should apply your knowledge to your work.
综合英语第8单元翻译
Unit 8 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1.到英特网上查一查就可以证明，全球变暖这个主题在公众意识中已经 和麦当娜和微波炉一样根深蒂固了。 2. 如果我们不限制温室气体的排放，低地国家就可能会遭到海水的冲刷，全世界雨水和干旱的规律就可能发 生变化，飓风可能会更加频繁，厄尔尼诺现象也可能更为严重。 3. 给我们还主张实施有关政策，与全球变暖现象进行长期斗争，如驾驶使用替代燃料的清洁汽车、采用有利于环境保护的可再生能源技术，以及阻止滥伐宝贵的森林。
4. 这个问题需要所有的人——包括各国政府、工商界、社团，以及个人的协同合作，才会有真正的改观。Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets. 1.After months of negotiation , the two companies finally came up with a solution , which was in essence our original proposal. 2.The people of that African tribe worship the moon in much the same way that our ancestors worshipped the sun . 3.It is still a puzzle as to how the ancient Egyptian pyramids were built over 4,000years ago .Some people speculate that they were built by supernatural being. 4.The illegal use of inferior building
2018年新目标新目标九年级一至八单元英语课文翻译
第一单元 2D分角色表演对话 杰克：安妮，我有点紧张。我必须读完一本书，下周一做报告安妮：那听上去不算太糟糕 杰克：可是我读书很慢 安妮：起先请快读阅读来理解大意。不要词阅读。要读词组 杰克：可是其中有许多单词我不理解。我不得不使用词典。 安妮：尽量通过阅读前后句来猜测单词的意思。很可能你理解的比你认为的多。 杰克：那听起来很难！ 安妮：哦，耐心点儿。这需要时间。你可以通过每天阅读你喜欢的东西而变得更好。你读书越来越多，你（读书的速度）就会越快。 3a我是怎模样学会学英语的 去年，我并不喜欢英语课。每节课就像一个噩梦。老师讲的太快了，以至于大部分时间我听不懂她。由于我糟糕的发音，我害怕问问题。我只是躲在课本后面，从不发言。 后来有一天我观看了一部名叫《玩具总动员》的英文电影。我爱上了这部既令人兴奋又有趣的电影！所以我可开始观看其他的英文电影了。尽管我不能明白（电影中的）人物所说的一切，但
他们的肢体语言和脸上的表情却能帮助我理解意思。我也意识到我可以通过只听关键词来理解意思。我的发音也通过听英文电影中的对白得到了改善。我发现挺有趣的事情是语言学习的秘诀。我也学会了一些有用的句子，如“小菜一碟”或“你活该”。我起初不明白这些句子。但因为我想了解这个故事，所以我在词典中查阅它们。 现在我非常喜欢英语课。我想学习新单词和更多的语法，以便我可以更好地理解英文电影。 第二单元 2d分角色表演对话 克拉拉：猜猜看？两周后我打算去清迈。 本：哇听起来像很有趣！但我认为在那里四月是一年中最热的月份。 克拉拉：是的。的确如此。但在那里，从4岳13日到15日是泼水节。 本：我想知道它是否和云南省傣族的泼水节相似。 克拉拉：是的，我认为是。这个时候是泰国新年。人们到街上去
八年级上册英语翻译 完整
第一单元话题1 A .迈克尔：你好，康康。 2.康康：你好，迈克尔。你要去干什么？ 3.我要去打篮球的。 4.你喜欢打篮球对吗？我暑假期间经 常看见你打篮球。 5.迈克尔：对啊。你知道的，我们这个星期天和三班将有一场篮球赛。 6.我希望我们队会赢。 7.我也是，你愿意来为我们加油吗？ 8.当然我很乐意去。（1） 第一单元话题1 2A P2 A：游泳和划船，你更喜欢哪一种运动呢？ B：我更喜欢划船。 A：你常常划船吗？ B：是的，我经常划船。/不，很少。A：你要参加学校的划船队吗？ B：是的，我会参加。/不，我不会参加。我打算去…… 运动溜冰滑雪划船 乒乓球排球骑脚踏车 网球 （2） 第一单元话题1 B B部分2 p3 迈克尔：玛利亚，你最喜欢什么运动？ 玛利亚：我当然最喜欢篮球啊。 迈克尔：我也是的。那你最喜欢的球员 是谁？ 玛利亚：勒布朗。詹姆斯。你呢？ 迈克尔：我最喜欢姚明。 玛利亚：你了解他吗？ 迈克尔：知道。他身高2.26米。他曾 效力于NBA休斯敦火箭队。我要成为像 他一样的一个篮球运动员。那是我的梦 想。你长大以后想做什么呢？ 玛利亚：我要成为一名科学家。 （3） 第一单元话题1 C 安非常喜欢运动，她每周骑两次自行车 并且在周日登山。她每天花半小时在体 育馆锻炼。她周六学习打棒球，现在她 已经打得很好了。她还擅长跳跃。下周 末将举行跳高和跳远比赛。她的同学将 会为她加油。他们确信她会赢。 C1d p6 1.你最喜欢哪项运动，为什么？ 2.你通常什么时候，在哪里做运动？ 3.你多长时间做一次？ 4.你每次做多久？ 5.它对你的健康有益吗？ （4） C2a p6 A：你今天下午要干什么？ B：他要踢足球。他非常喜欢足球。 A：为什么？ B:因为踢足球使他身体健壮。而且这项 运动在全世界都很流行。 第一单元话题1 D 在过去的二十年中。大卫贝克汉姆是一 位十分著名的足球运动员。他曾效力于 英格兰，西班牙，美国和意大利。他和 他的队友昨天抵达北京。他们将要同中 国国家队比赛。球迷们很兴奋。但遗憾 的是队员们不会久留。他们将与后天动 身前往日本。与日本国家队进行一场比 赛。（5） 第一单元话题2 A 1a 康康：迈克尔，请你帮个忙好吗？ 迈克尔：当然。什么事？ 康康：我们班这周六将和五班进行一场 足球比赛。但是我的一个队员病了。你 愿意加入我们吗？ 迈克尔：我很乐意。但是我不太擅长踢 足球。请你教我，好吗？ 康康：没问题。你可以的！我们去练习 吧。 （6） 第一单元话题2 B 康康：迈克尔，我们输了是因为你没有 传球。 迈克尔：你是什么意思？不要对我那样 大喊大叫。我也不想我们队输。 康康：但是我们输了。 玛利亚：康康，迈克尔，请不要吵了。 迈克尔踢得不好，但是他尽力了。 简：迈克尔，你应该学习一下团队精神。 多把球传给队友，你要知道，一名队员 不能组成一支队伍，我们应该学会团队 合作。(7) 第一单元话题2 B 玛利亚：康康，迈克尔不要再生对方的 气了，你们两个在比赛之前应该多谈论 下比赛，康康，你向迈克尔道个歉怎么 样呢？ 康康：迈克尔，我为我所说的话感到抱 歉。 迈克尔：没关系。 简：迈克尔，多加练习，下一次你会做 得更好！ 玛利亚：好！继续努力！你们一定会玩 的跟高兴。 （8） 第一单元话题2 C
大学英语第一册课后习题答案
新视野大学英语（第二版）第一册Unit 1 III. 1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7.virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities IV. 1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with V. 1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C Sentence Structure VI. 1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor. 2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down. 3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family. 4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite. 5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry. VII. 1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours. 2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English. 3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. 4. Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours. 5. Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company. Translation VIII. 1. Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2. She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3. Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4. Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5. He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6. Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. IX. 1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。
英语第八单元-中文翻译
data-mining moves into the mainstream 第八单元的中文基本翻译。 谨以献给我们这些英语不太好的同志分享。 数据挖掘移动成为主流 RODNEY MONROE, the police chief in Richmond, Va., describes himself as a lifelong cop whose expertise is in fighting street crime, not in software. His own Web browsing, he says, mostly involves checking golf scores. 罗德尼梦露，在里士满，弗吉尼亚州警察局长，自己描述为终身制的警察，专门打击街头犯罪，而不是软件上。他自己的Web浏览，他说，主要是查看高尔夫成绩。 But shortly after he became chief in 2005, a crime analyst who had retired from the force convinced him to try some clever software. The programs cull through information that the department already collects, like “911” and police reports, but add new streams of data — about neighborhood demographics and payday schedules, for example, or about weather, traffic patterns and sports events —to try to predict where crimes might occur.
大学英语精读第一册课后翻译1-8单元
1) 史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。 Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter. 2) 我坚信，阅读简写的 (simplified) 英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。 I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary. 3) 我认为我们在保护环境不受污染 (pollution) 方面还做得不够。 I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution. 4) 除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。 In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation. 5) 我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。 We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester. 6) 经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。 Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. 7) 如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。 If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I’ll explain them in greater detail. 8) 那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因。 The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese. That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.
新目标人教版初二英语八年级英语上册课文翻译
新目标人教版初二英语八年级英语上册课文翻译 Unit1 p3 格林中学的学生做什么？ 这是格林中学学生活动调查结果：大多数学生每周进行三至四次体育锻炼，有些学生每周进行一至两次体育锻炼。有些(some)学生很有活力，天天进行体育锻炼。至于家庭作业，大多数（most）学生每天都做家庭作业，有些(Some)学生每周做三至四次的家庭作业，没有）（No）学生一周做一至两次的家庭作业。“看电视”的调查结果很有意思。有些（Some）学生一周看一至两次电视，有些学生一周看三至四次（three or four times），而大部分学生每天看电视。 p5．．．．．．但我相当健康。我每天都锻炼，锻炼的时间通常是在我放学回家的时候。我的饮食习惯相当好。我努力吃大量的蔬菜，并且每天我都吃水果、喝牛奶。我从不喝咖啡。当然，我也喜欢吃垃圾食品，我每周吃二至三次。噢，而且每晚我睡9个小时。所以你看，我是在关注我的健康。我健康的生活方式帮助我取得好成绩。好的食品和锻炼帮助我学习得更好。 Unit2 P11一些健康的生活方式，中国的方式 传统中医认为我们要保持身体的阴阳平衡，这样才能健康。比如，你经常感到虚弱和疲倦吗？可能你阴气太盛。你应吃补阳的食物，如牛肉。吃党参和黄芪对此也很有益处。但是，压力大、易怒的人可能阳气太盛。中医认为他们应吃滋阴食品，如豆腐。现在，中药在很多西方国家流行。拥有一种健康的生活方式很容易，重要的是保持饮食平衡。 Unit3 P15托尼：假期你要干什么，林辉？林辉：我要去西藏待一个星期。 听起来很有趣！你要在那儿做什么？／我要在大山里徒步旅行。你呢，托尼？假期里你要干什么？／我要去看望在香港的朋友。／噢，真的？你要在那儿呆多久？／只呆四天。我不想离开太久。／好啦，祝你玩得愉快。从香港给我寄张明信片！／当然。我们回到学校时把你的照片给我看看。 P17本?兰伯特的假期计划！ 法国著名的歌手本?兰伯特今年夏天要度一个长假！他原想去希腊或西班牙，但最终还是决定去加拿大。“我总在欧洲度假。”他说道，“这一次我想做些不同的事情。我听说加拿大很美，并且我知道哪儿有许多人讲法语。”／本打算去加拿大的五大湖区。他要在六月的第一周动身并且一直呆到九月。他计划度过一个非常休闲的假期。“我要散步、去钓鱼、骑自行车旅行。我计划在美丽的
翻译大学英语第一册全部内容
第一册Book1Unit1~Unit10 翻译答案 Unit1 翻译 1) 史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。 Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter. 2) 我坚信，阅读简写的(simplified) 英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。 I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary. 3) 我认为我们在保护环境不受污染(pollution) 方面还做得不够。 I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution. 4) 除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。 In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation. 5) 我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。 We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to te ach us spoken English next term/semester. 6) 经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。 Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. 7) 如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。 If you have any q uestions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I’ll explain them in greater detail. 8) 那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因。 The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese. That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years. Unit2 翻译 1) 幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。 Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once. 2) 胜利登上乔治岛(George Island) 后，船长向指挥部(the headquarters) 发了一份无线电报。 After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to the headquarters. 3) 他决心继续他的实验，不过这一次他将用另一种方法来做。 He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he'll do it another way. 4) 她在读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。 When she read the novel, she couldn't help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside. 5) 玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。 Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself. 6) 我们认为他不能在一刻钟内走完那段距离，但他却成功地做到了这一点。 We didn't think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it. 7) 甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。
21世纪研究生英语综合教程 1到8单元课后翻译及答案
综合教程（一） （第一单元到第八单元） 一、 A. English to Chinese 由于殖民地与许多海外地区的大量贸易，所有欧洲的重要商业国及其在西半球的附属国的金银铸币在北美东海岸都可以自由交易。由于法律不允许英国货币从英国流向殖民地，相比之下，西班牙货币显得更加重要。这些货币在墨西哥城几利马铸造，再流入西班牙殖民地。西班牙币在殖民地被普遍使用，以至这种货币最终成为美国的货币单位。虽然早在1652 年马萨诸塞首先铸造低含金量的硬币，但殖民地最后转而用纸币来提高短缺且不可靠的货币供给。著名人士的期票与签发给英国商人的汇票在几个月内就能顺利转手。此外，各殖民地的财政部门开始在税收前签发期票，同时向城镇官员下达书面命令，要求当地店铺履行付款义务，如其他可转让的单据一样，这些票据经签注后可作为货币进行交换。 B. Chinese to English 1、随着我国加入世贸组织，国有银行面临的压力越来越大，为了尽快解决资本充足率以及扩大规模，这家大银行打算与其它两家小银行合并。 With China’s successful entry into the WTO, state-owned banks are faced with more and more pressure. The big bank intends to merge with two small banks so as to quickly solve the problem of capital sufficiency and enlarge its scale. 2、受全球经济衰退和通货膨胀的影响，这个城市的许多小企业已经破产或者本大公司兼并，导致大量工人面临失业的困境。 Because of the recessionary effect on global economy and inflation, many small businesses in this city have gone bankrupt or have been swallowed up by giant corporations. It leads to a large number of workers facing unemployment. 3、他没有娶她。他认为尽管怜悯近似于爱，但是是不同的。他希望为爱情而结婚，而不是为了怜悯。 He didn’t marry her, because he thought that although sympathy was closely akin to love, they were still different. What he hoped was marry foe love, not foe sympathy. 4、网络教育似乎是一种极好的教育方式，它能够触及到一大批潜在的学生，而且可以减少传统学校教育所需要的高额的基础设施及人力费用。 Web-based training and learning seems to be a perfect way to reach a huge pool of potential students, as well as curtail the high infrastructure and personnel costs of traditional schooling. 5、随着这个城镇经济的发展，当地政府打算为老年人建立一所一流的养老院。 With the development of this town’s economy, local government intends to tailor a first-class nursing home for the needs of the elderly. 6、政府撤销对金融市场的管制有利于经济全球化的发展，但同时也给国内经济造成了一些负面影响。 The deregulation of financial markets taken by government is very helpful to economical globalization, but, at the same time, it brings some unpleasant influences on domestic economy. 7、但愿我的弟弟别再整天玩网络游戏了，否则，他将无法完成学业。 I wish my younger brother would desist from playing network games all day, otherwise he would have to discontinue his study. 8、一家店铺开始延长营业时间，同一条街上的其他商店也都跟着做。 One shop began to prolong the business hours, and all other shop along the same street followed suit.
八年级上册英语作文带翻译
八年级上册英语作文范文（12个话题） 话题一：谈论以前的假期 假设你的名字叫小明。你很喜欢旅游，你和家人去年夏天去了长城。请以“The visit to the Great Wall”为题，写一篇不少于80词的英语短文。 The visit to the Great Wall My name is Xiaoming and I like traveling very much. Last summer, I went to the Great Wall with my family. It was fine that day. We went there by bus early in the morning. When we got there, there were many other visitors there. When my family and I went onto the Great Wall, we saw beautiful scenery(风景). And we took quite a few photos there. The time flew by, and soon we had to go back. I was tired after traveling, but I really enjoyed visiting the Great Wall! 我的名字是小明，我很喜欢旅行。去年夏天，我和家人去了长城。 那天天气很好。我们早上很早就坐车去那里了。当我们到达那里时，那里还有许多其他的游客.。我和我的家人去到长城的时候，我们看到了美丽的风景（风景）。我们在那里拍了不少照片。 时间飞逝，很快我们不得不回去了。旅行后我很累，但我真的很喜欢游览长城.！ 话题二：谈论生活方式 My Lifestyle I am a 14-year-old middle school student. I have a healthy lifestyle. I often eat fruit and vegetables. Apples and carrots are my favorite. I love junk food, too, but I only eat it two or three times a week. I sleep less than seven hours every day. I feel sleepy sometimes. I run in the morning and play ping-pong after school. In my free time, I enjoy reading books.
大学英语精读第一册答案
大学英语精读第一册答案 大学英语精读第三版第一册答案 Unit1 1) e 2) g 3) j 4) a 5) b 6) i 7) c 8) d 9) h 10) f 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed to memory
11) Nevertheless 12) rely on 13) Apart from 14) command 1) over and over again 2) ata time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for
5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1) action 2) employ 3) announce 4) examination 5) communication 6) express 7) compose 8) improvement 9) concentration 10) management 11) consider 12) motivate 13) development 14) movement 15) discuss 16) operate 17) division 18) production 19) educate 20) repeat 1) additional 2) add
英语翻译第八单元
Chapter Eight Translation of English for Science and Technology《科技英语翻译》 1)纯专业技术词汇(Pure ST Terms) The lacuna between the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age once supposed to be a real hiatus, is being filled by a Middle Stone Age. 旧石器时代和新石器时代之间的空隙曾经被认为是个一个真正的间隔，现在被中石器时代所填补。 3) 半科技词汇(Semi- ST Terms) The operation is carried out under a general anaesthetic. 该手术是在全身麻醉情况下实施的。 Each element defines the configuration of an operation in the service. 每个元素定义服务中一个操作的配置。 Concentration There's been too much concentration of power in the hands of central authorities. 权力一直过多地集中在中央机构手中。 Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the ions. 电极电位决定于离子浓度。 The determination of trace concentrations of mercury in minerals is described. 文章论述矿物中痕量汞的测定。 6）创新词语 Researchers found the heart emoji appeared billions of times a day across the world. 研究者们发现全世界每天会出现几十亿个心形表情符号。 We start with base money and then we'll have what's called M-1, which includes cheque accounts, demand deposits of banks ... and then M-2 which will include some savings deposits,
unit8课文翻译
第八单元 Grinding is a manufacturing process that involves the removal of metal by employing a rotating abrasive wheel. The latter simulates a milling cutter with an extremely large number of miniature cutting edges. 磨削是通过采用旋转磨轮去除金属的制造工艺。磨轮用非常大量的微型切削刃模仿铣刀进行切削。Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish. Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools, which are referred to as grinding machines. 一般而言，磨削被认为是一种通常用于获得高尺寸精度和较好表面光洁度的精加工作业。磨削通过采用被称为磨床的特殊机床能在平面、圆柱面甚至内表面上进行。 Obviously, grinding machines differ in construction as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground, e.g., cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines. 显然，磨床根据结构和功能的不同有所区别，使用何种形式的磨床主要取决于被磨削表面的几何形状和物理性质。例如，圆柱面在外圆磨床上磨削。 ?Type of Grinding Operations 磨削作业的类型 1. Surface grinding. As the name surface grinding suggests, this operation involves grinding of flat or plane surfaces. Fig.8.1 indicates the two possible variations, either a horizontal or vertical machine spindle. 1.表面磨削：就像其名称暗示的那样，表面磨削和平面磨削直接有关。图8.1表示了两种可能的变化：卧式磨床主轴或立式磨床主轴。 In the first case (horizontal spindle), the machine usually has a planer-type reciprocating table on which the workpiece is held. However, grinding machines with vertical spindles can have either a planer type table like that of the horizontal-spindle machine or a rotating worktable. 在第一种情况(卧式主轴)，卧式磨床通常具有安装工件的刨床式往复工作台。而立式主轴磨床既可以像卧式主轴磨床那样具有刨床式工作台也可以具有旋转工作台。 Also, the grinding action in this case is achieved by the end face of the grinding wheel (Fig.8.1b), contrary to the case of horizontal-spindle machines, where the workpieces ground by the periphery of the grinding wheel. 而且在这种情况下，磨削动作是通过砂轮端面完成的(图8.1b)，这与通过砂轮周边磨削工件的卧式主轴磨床正好相反。 Fig.8.1a and b also indicate the equations to be used for estimating the different parameters of the grinding operation, such as the machining time and the rate of metal removal. 图8.1a和b同时简述了用于估计诸如加工时间和金属去除率之类的磨削作业不同参数的方程式。 During the surface-grinding operations, heavy workpieces are either held in fixtures or clamped on the machine table by strap clamps and the like, whereas smaller workpieces are usually held by magnetic chucks. 在平面磨削时，重的工件用夹具固定或用压板等夹紧在磨床工作台上，而小的工件则通常是用电磁卡盘固定的。2. Cylindrical grinding. In cylindrical grinding, the workpiece is held between centers during the grinding operation, and the wheel rotation is the source and cause for the rotary cutting motion, as shown in Fig.8.2. In fact, cylindrical grinding can be carried out by employing any of the following methods: 2. 圆柱面磨削：在圆柱面磨削中，作业时工件支撑在两顶尖之间，砂轮转动是导致回转切削运动的动力源，如图8.2所示。实际上，圆柱面磨削能通过采用下列任意方法来实现： (1) The transverse method, in which both the grinding wheel and the workpiece rotate and longitudinal linear feed is applied to enable grinding of the whole length. The depth of cut is adjusted by the cross feed of the grinding wheel into the workpiece. (1) 横向方法：这种方法中砂轮与工件均旋转且采用线性纵向进给以保证能磨削整个长度。切削深度通过改变砂轮