2018版高考英语大一轮复习语法专题讲析专题十二特殊句式(20201005104446)

1．强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分

，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提2．如果原句中含有“not...until”

3．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋th 4．do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过考点二　倒装

1．完全倒装

①Just in front of the bus lies an injured man，all covered with blood.

公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。

②Down jumped the robber from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at hi 当警察把枪对准他的时候，强盗从楼顶跳了下来。

③Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.

一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。

④There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom.

教室里有一位有经验的教师和很多可爱的学生。

考点总结

在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下

——你喜欢，我很高兴。

③—Shall we take some apples with us?

—No，at no time is food allowed in the library.

——我们可以随身带些苹果吗？

——不，图书馆绝不允许带食物。

④Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is impo

直到他经历真正的困难时，他才意识到我们对家人的爱是重要的。

考点总结

1．only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时句子使用部分倒装。

2．否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。

3．部分倒装的特殊句式

①If a healthy environment is gone，so is everything that our life depends on.

如果一个健康的环境消失了，我们赖以生存的一切也会消失。

②So tired was I after a whole day's heavy work that I could hardly stand on my feet.

在一天的繁重工作之后我是如此累，以至于几乎站不住了。

③Not only will help be given to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided f

不仅会给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也会给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。

＋主语＋其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)

5. hardly...when...；no sooner...than...；scarcely...when...“刚……就……”，hardly/scarcely/no 分倒装，从句不倒装，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

考点三　主谓一致

1．意义一致原则

①The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to S

既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。

②Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.

很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。

③Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.

昨天只干了60%的活。

④Every boy and every girl is asked to be at the school gate before 7：30 tomorrow morning.

所有男女生要求明天早上之前在学校门口集合。

考点总结

1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓2．“no/each/every＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。

3．非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

＝There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil－box.

文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。

考点总结

1．由or，nor，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。

2．there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

3．语法一致原则

①The majority of visitors were in favor of his conclusion that the number of books publish surprising.

大多数的访客都支持他的结论：在这个主题方面出版的书的数量真是令人惊讶。

②With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed aw

＝With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away 随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。

③No one in the depart but Tom and I knows that the director is going to resign.

除了我和汤姆外，这个部门没人知道主管要辞职。

④This kind of flowers sells well.

这种花卖得很好。

考点总结

这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大约 1 000个客户。

②If so，you don't have to buy anything，but it would be kind if you did.

如果这样的话，你没必要买任何东西。但是如果你买了，你就太好了。

③—Do you think the fine weather will keep up?

—I don't think so.

——你认为，这样的好天气会持续下去吗？

——我不这样认为。

考点总结

1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语2．so或not代替上文内容，此时可用“if＋so/not”省略句式；其他类似结构还有if ever，if 3．I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别表示肯定或2．不定式的省略

①I asked him to see the film，but he didn't want to.

我叫他去看电影，但是他不想去。

②—Are you a sailor?

—No，but I used to be.

——你是水手吗？

——不是，但我过去是。

在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内所给词的正确形式。

，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is，__ 1．[2016·全国Ⅱ]It could be anything—gardening

from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

2．[2015·全国Ⅰ]Yangshuo ________(be) really beautiful.

3．[2015·北京]If ________(accept) for the job，you'll be informed soon.

4．[2015·湖南]Video games can be a poor influence if ________(leave) in the wrong hands.

5．[2015·天津]Only when Lily walked into the office ________she realize that she had left the co 答案：1.make 2.is 3.accepted 4.left 5.did

[应对策略1]

注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式，再根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。

◆特殊句式与短文改错

短文改错中对于特殊句式的考查主要涉及主谓不一致以及含有助动词的谓语结构错误、替代

[典题试做2]

单句改错(每小题1处错误)

1．[2013·辽宁]Hard work have made him very ill.________

2．[2013·陕西]Finally，there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.________ 答案：1.have→has 2.were→was

[应对策略2]

遇到特殊句式，要注意主谓一致、强调句、倒装句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句

(误)Five years have passed since then.

(正)Five years has passed since then.

2．缺乏运用意识

语言输出时，多用正常语序的简单句、并列句等，而缺乏运用特殊句式的意识。

(简单句堆积)I am Li Hua.I am chairman of the Student Union.I am from Chenguang High Schoo (同位语)I am Li Hua，chairman_of_the_Student_Union，from_Chenguang_High_School.

(一般表达)I didn't realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior m (倒装句)Not_until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school did_I_realize_its_ (强调句)It_was_not_until_I_was_chosen_monitor_of_my_class_in_my_senior_middle_school th 3．运用中出现语法错误

(误)Only_work_hard can you achieve your goal.

(正)Only_by_working_hard can you achieve your goal.

(误)There have some problems exist in our school.

(正)There exist some problems in our school.

(误)Only after the war learned_he the sad news.

(正)Only after the war did_he_learn the sad news.

(误)It was at_midnight_when I got back home yesterday.

(正)It was at_midnight_that I got back home yesterday.

3．[2017·山东潍坊一模]My dear friends，don't afraid of problems，but take advantag ourselves.________

4．[2017·湖南长郡中学四校联考]There has a big library in our school.________

5．[2017·湖南雅礼中学二调]That's all.Thank you.Some questions？________

答案：1.when→that 2.does→is 3.don't后加be

4．has→is 5.Some→Any

Ⅲ.语法填空

[2017·云南玉溪高三期中]

Today，after finishing dinner in town，my husband and I were driving back home.As we pulled o painting their furniture.

I went inside our home,1.________(change) and then went back out again to ask our neighbors leaving my home，I was plagued (困扰) by thoughts of 2.________(embarrass)，denial，or being recei courage to go down and ask 4.________，anyway!

Initially，the woman denied.Then，the man said，“Sure，”and he handed me a spray paint conversations 5.________painting with great effort.When we finished，I briefly chatted with them befo In the end，not only 6.________I enjoy helping them，but also I learned about my neighbors.7._ admit.I couldn't help but wonder 8.________they might be thinking about me.9.________is tough to d expect that they will be thinking good about you.

[2017·山西师大附中高三期中]

陈词滥调As an old English saying goes，“Honesty is the best policy.” It is more than an old clich live your life.

First，honesty is the 2.________(easy) choice that we can make.When people get caught i something.Many relationships are destroyed by lies.

Second，honesty gives us much 3.________(free)．Many people believe that being honest limit true.Sooner or later those dishonest people 4.________(pay) a price for their acts；on the contrary，5.________(true) free.

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答案：1.a解析：way为可数名词且在句中表泛指意义，故用不定冠词a修饰。

2．easiest解析：空处前面的the暗示出用最高级对应其后的定语从句语境范围。

3．freedom解析：much修饰不可数名词，free的名词为freedom。

4．will pay解析：sooner or later暗示出该动作还没有发生，故用一般将来时。

5．truly解析：用副词truly修饰其后的形容词free。

6．standing解析：people与stand之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。

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