高考英语名词性从句精析(语法重点、解题步骤、易犯错误)
2008届高考名词从句精析
一. 基本概念:
A. 什么是名词性从句
当一个正确的连词+完整的主语和谓语构成的句子放在一个名词可以充当的成分的位置,起到一个名词的作用时,这个从句就是名词性从句.
B. 哪些从句是名词性从句(如何判断名词性从句)
1.S + P (系动词) + 表语( + 其他 ):
当一个从句放在系动词后面时,这个从句就是表语从句.
1.)That is(系动词) a book / what he said/why he didn’t come.
S + P 表语表语从句
2.)The fact is that he has lied to us
S + P 表语从句
2.S + P (vt:及物动词) + 宾语( + 其他 ):
当一个从句放在vt后面时就是宾语从句
1.)He said(vt) nothing at the meeting.
S + P 宾语
2.)He said (that) he would help us without hesitation.
S+ P 宾语从句
3.)He asked (vt) what we would like to have for breakfast.
S+ P 宾语从句
3. S(主语) + P + 其他:
当一个从句放在主语位置时,这个从句就是主语从句
1.)His mistakes made his teacher angry.
主语 + P
2.)That he made so many mistakes made his teacher angry.
主语从句 P
3.) What he said made his teacher angry.
主语从句 P
*名词性从句是一个重要的考点,难点,因此必须记牢哪些连词可以引导名词性从句及其功能:
引导名词性从句的连词及功能:
从句
连词
备注
表语从句
that,what,who,which,whom
whose(+n),how,why,where
when,because,whether,
that在从句中不充当任何成分,但不可省略.其他wh-词在从句中一定要充当一个正确的成分(whether除外),所以不可省略.
(if不可用与该从句)
宾语从句
that,what,who,which,whom,
whose(+n),how,why,where,
when,whether,if(是否)
That在从句不充当成分,可省. 其他wh-词在从句中一定要充当一个正确的成分(whether,if除外),所以不可省略.
主语从句
that,what,who,which,whom,
whose(+n),how,why,where,
when,whether,
(if不可用于该从句
That在从句不充当成分,但不可省. 其他wh-词在从句中一定要充当一个正确的成分(whether除外)所以不可省略.
(if不可用于该从句
*特别注意:(1) what,which,who,whose(+n)在从句中可充当主语,宾语或表语
(2)whom 在从句中只可做宾语.
(3)how,when,where,why在从句中只可做相应的状语
(4)使用名词性从句时,从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开.
(5)一些含有内容/信息的名词(fact,news,hope,idea,thought,desire,suggestion,doubt,truth,question,problem, order等)后面可用that或wh-词引导一个同位语从句,对其前面的名词的内容做补充说明: The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby made us excited.
S1 同位语从句 P1
We heard the news that the war had broken out between America and Iraq. S1 P1 同位语从句
(6)同位语从句与定语从句的区别是:
1.) 定语从句前面的名词没有内容或信息含义.
2.) 引导定语从句的that在从句中一定要做成分,做宾语时可省略
引导同位语从句的that在从句中不做成分,但不可省略.
*名词性从句的重要解题步骤:
1.)认真读题,分清从句类别
2.)根据从句类别,判断适用连词
3.)特别注意连词在从句中的作用, 即:连词在从句中充当的成分
4.)特别注意哪些连词在哪些从句中不充当成分.
5.)特别注意哪些连词在哪些从句中的哪些情况下可以省略.
*如何判断名词性从句的类别之图表记忆法:
1.主语从句: That / Wh-词 + S1 + P2… + P1 + 其他
S1(主语从句)
2.表语从句: S1 + P1(系动词be / seem / appear) + that / wh-词 + S2 + P2 + 其
表语(从句)
3.宾语从句: S1 + P1(vt) + that / wh-词 / whether / if (是否) + S2 + P2 + 其他
宾语(从句)
另需注意:由动词+介词构成的动词词组后面的从句及一些介词,介词词组后面的从句,也是宾语从句: v+prep + wh-词+ S + P + 其他
宾语(从句)
prep + wh-词 + S + P + 其他
宾语(从句)
如:You must pay enough attention to what the teacher has told you.
(what在从句中作_____语)
The poll will give us information about who is likely to be elected president this time. (who在从句中作_____语)
The film is set in what was once called “the Long Beach”
(what在从句中作_____语)
4.同位语从句: 名词(有内容或信息含义) + that / wh-词 + S + P +其他
同位语从句(补充说明前面名词的内容)
*名词性从句解题时易犯的错误:
错误类型一： that 与what 的混用
1. That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world.(错误)
What they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world. (正确)
注：that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，也不在从句中充当任何成分；而what则表示“什么”“……的东西或事情”，在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语等。上句中的what 应充当discuss的宾语。
错误类型二：if 与whether的混用
2. If we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow has not been decided yet. (错误) Whether we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow has not been decided yet. （正确）注：if 与whether 引导宾语从句时往往可换，但在下面情况时常使用whether：作介词的宾语时，见例①；在从句中提出两种选择时，见例②；从句提前时，见例③；引导主语从句，表语从句及同位语从句时，见例④。
①I worry about whether I hurt his feelings.
②She wasn’t sure whether she should laugh or cry.
③Whether he will come or not I don’t quite know.
④What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
错误类型三：that 与because 的混用
3. ⑴The reason why he was late for school was because he got up late. (错误)
The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late. (正确)
⑵Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years.(错误)
Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years. (正确)
注：reason作主语时引导的表语从句或why引导的名词性从句时常用that不用because. 错误类型四：忽略连词that
4. These old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain. (错误)
That these old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain. (正确)
注：that在引导宾语从句时常常可省，但在下面情况时不可省去：宾语从句不止一个时，见例①；宾语从句与主句之间有插入语时，见例②；宾语从句为一个主从复合句时，见例③；引导主语从句，表语从句或同位语从句时，见例④。
①They complain (that) they have to work from morning till night, that it is hard to earn money, that they are bullied (欺负) by the policemen, or that the corporation leaders are seated lazily and enjoy the fruits of others’work.
②The teacher said, pleasantly and firmly , that we must overcome the difficulties.
③We believe that if we work harder, I will pass the National College Entrance Examination.
④The trouble is that she has lost his address. (表语从句)
Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct.15,2003. （同位语从句）
错误类型五：no matter who\what\which\how\where…与whoever\whatever\whichever\however\wherever…
5. No matter who breaks the rules will be punished. (错误)
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. (正确)
注：whoever,whatever,whichever,however,wherever等连词可以引导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句，而no matter who\what\which\how\where…只能引导让步状语从句。例如，No matter how great the difficulty is, we ought to keep on.
Or: However great the difficulty is, we ought to keep on .
错误类型六：相似句型的混淆
6．As is known to all that science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture. (错误)
As is known to all, science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture. ( 正确)
It is known to all that science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture. (正确)
注：as作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之前时，从句与主句之间要用逗号隔开。It作为形式主语将that 引导的主语从句后置时，that常常不能省。
*名词性从句解题时应特别关注“what”的用法：
一、 what用作关系代词，也即连接代词，引导名词性从句, 可以作主语、宾语、定语
1.引导主语从句
例1 What made the school proud was that more than 90％ of the students had been
admitted to key universities. 使学校骄傲的是90％的学生被重点大学录取。
例2 What makes the matter worse is that it begins to rain. 更糟糕的是开始下起雨来了。
2.引导表语从句
例3 ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game
---Oh, that’s what makes me feel excited.
例4 The city is not what it used to be. 这个城市不再是先前的模样了。
3.引导宾语从句
例5 A man’s worth lays not so much in what he has as in what he is. 人的价值不在于他有什么，而在于他是怎样的人。
例6 After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 好像过了几个小时以后，他面带苦笑走了出来。
二、 what 用作关系形容词，作定语。意为“所……的全部,任何的”；与little、few 连用时，其含义多为“虽然少，但把所有的都……”
例7 The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time. 家庭环境的改善占去了我仅有的一点业余时间。
例8 Don’t worry. I will give you what help I can. 别担心，我一定尽我所能帮你。例9 I will lend you what few reference books I can spare. 我愿把我用不着的虽然为数不多的参考书全部借给你。
三、 what惯用句式：A is to B what C is to D （比喻结构）A对B之关系犹如C对D 之关系
例10 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。
例11 What salt is to the food, wit and humour are to conversation and literature. 隽语与幽默之于会话与文学，恰象盐之于食物一样。
四、 what引导插入语,意为“还有的是，加之”
例12 He is handsome, and what is more, very rich. 他长得很英俊，而且还很富有。例13 He is, what is called , a living dictionary. 他就是所谓的活词典。
五、 what的强调形式whatever(anything that)
例14 Whatever she does is ridiculous. 她的所作所为都是谎谬的。
例15 Take whatever magazines you want to read. 任何你想读的杂志都可以取阅。
六、有关what的某些习语
1. What about…？(表建议或征求对方意见) ……怎么样
例16 What about going to the movies
2. What for (=why) (口语) 为何,为什么？
例17 ---Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer
---What for
3. So what？ (表示不感兴趣或认为不重要) 那又怎么样 (口语)
4. what if… /what though (表示建议或疑虑等) 倘使……将会怎么样; 即使……又怎么样
例18 --- What if I move the picture over here
--- I suppose it will look better.
5. What with… and (what with ). ……部分因为……, 部分因为……(后面通常接不好的事情)。
例19 What with overwork and what with hunger, he became sick at last. 一半由于
工作过度，一半由于饥饿，他终于病倒了。
典题直击：
1. The other day , my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was
a dangerous speed.（2004上海春季）
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
2. It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. （2003上海）
A． that B. when C. what D. how
3. ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game
---Oh, that’s_____.（NMET2003北京春季）
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
4. _____ made the school proud was______ more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities. （2003上海春季）
A. What; because
B. What ; that
C. That ; what
D. That ; because
5. Perseverance is a kind of quality --- and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well. （2002上海）
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. why
6. ---I think it’s going to be a big problem.
---Yes, it could be.
---I wonder _____ we can do about it. （2002北京春季）
A. If
B. how
C. what
D. that
7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _____ he wants. (2002上海春季)
A. what
B. which
C. when
D. that
8. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do. （NMET2001）
A. how
B. after
C. what
D. when
9. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ______ he had done the day before. （2001上海春季）
A. that
B. how
C. where
D. what
10. ____ she couldn’t understand was_____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. （2000 上海）
A. What; why
B. That; what
C. What; because
D. Why; that
自我检测：
1． The hurricane destroyed ___ was in the village.
A. all
B. what
C. that
D. all what
2． These pictures will show you _______.
A. what our hometown looks like
B. what does our hometown looks like
C. how our hometown looks like
D. how does our hometown looks like
3. A man’s worth lays not so much in _______ he has as in ______ he is.
A. that; what
B. what; what
C. that; that
D. what; that
4. Our city is no longer ___ it used to be.
A. which
B. that
C. as
D. what
5.___we can’t get seems better than___we have.
A. What; what
B. What; that
C. That; that
D. That; what
6. Please let me know _____you want me _____.
A. whether; to do
B. what; doing
C. that; done
D. what; to do
7．It is commonly believed unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
8. ---Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer
---__________
A. What for
B. What is it
C. How is it
D. How come
9. ---Let’s hurry,or we will be late.
---______ Do you really want to listen to that boring lecture
A. What for
B. So what
C. Why not
D. Why
10. ---______ you did
---No, as a matter of fact, I didn’t need to.
A. Is that what
B. Is what that
C. What is that
D. Is that which
典题直击：
1. C at后接宾语从句。当宾语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，要用what 引导，此句中what作宾语从句的主语。
2. C what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分；when和 how 分别表示时间和方式，在主语从句中作状语。3． A what 引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
4． B 解释同第2题。
5． A what 在表语从句中作takes 的宾语，构成“It takes sth. to do sth.”的句型。6． C what 在此作连接代词，引导宾语从句，并作从句中do的宾语。
7. A 这是宾语从句。what 作 want的宾语。Always give the monkey exactly what he wants. 是一句谚语，意思是“永远给予某人他确实想要的东西。”
8． C 解释同第6题。
9． D 解释同第6题。
10． A 主语从句she couldn’t understand 缺少宾语，要用what引导表语从句。 fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.是一个完整的句子，根据句意要用why来引导。
自我检测：
1. B what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语;what 在此处亦可换为all that。
2. A what 在此作连接代词，引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。宾语从句须用陈述句语序。
3. B 此处的两个 what 都是连接代词，第一个what 在从句中作宾语，第二个what 在从句中作表语。
4. D what 在此作连接代词，引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语。
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解_专项练习及答案
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案注意！宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、基本讲解 1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. (2)以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei . 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you? 特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态
最新高中英语语法定语从句总复习
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英语名词性从句语法100题练习
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英语语法英语从句完全汇总
英语语法: 英语从句完全汇总 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…, It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不
英语语法讲解之定语从句
英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
初中英语语法从句讲解
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以下是一些基本的从句知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例：The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 格先行词主格宾格所有格 人who whom whose 物which which whose 、of which 人、物that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和whose的用法 1）who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。2）whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式 英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） 3）whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad.
英语《名词性从句》语法知识及英语学习方法
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之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。 （2）That从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in 的宾语。 3、表语从句（that不可省略） 4、同位语从句 连词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。 二、whether/if从句 1、在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时，只能用whether不用if;当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时用whether或if 均可；discuss后引导宾语从句时，必须用whether。 2、在宾语从句中： （1）及物动词后：whether从句中不能有否定式，宾语从句为否定句时用if；if 不能与or not连用，但可以用whether or not；whether后可以加不定式。 （2）介词后：只能用whether,不用if。 三、特殊疑问词引导的从句 1、主语从句：特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。 2、宾语从句 （1）常见的能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。 （2）作介词宾语。 3、同位语从句、表语从句
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解-专项练习及答案
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九年级英语语法 定语从句专题复习
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从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
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