2020年秋人教版八年级上册英语 unit 4单元语法小专题

单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)

语法精讲

形容词、副词的最高级

1．定义：形容词、副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较，意为“最……”。

2．形容词、副词最高级的标志词：

(1)形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the；副词最高级前面的the可以省略。如：

Kate is the most hard－working student in our school.凯特是我们学校最勤奋的学生。

【注意】形容词最高级前面若有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等修饰时，不用定冠词the。如：

Bob is Mr.Green's youngest son.鲍勃是格林先生最小的儿子。

形容词最高级前若有序数词限定时，the应放在序数词之前。如：

She is the third shortest students in Class Two.她是二班个子第三矮的学生。

(2)形容词、副词最高级常与介词in或of引导的短语连用，与in连用意为“在……内”，表示“在某范围内”，不一定是同类；与of连用表示“属性”，介词后的名词或代词与句中的主语是同一类人或物，意为“在某同类中”。如：

He is the oldest dentist in the hospital.他是这所医院中年龄最大的牙医。

He is the oldest of all the dentists.他是所有牙医中年龄最大的。

3．含形容词、副词最高级的句式：

形容词、副词最高级的基本结构：主语＋谓语＋the＋形容词或副词最高级＋比较范围。形容词和副词最高级常出现在以下句型中：

(1)Who/Which…，A，B or C？在选择疑问句中，如果有三者或三者以上供选择，且有or连接时，要用形容词或副词最高级。如：

Which is the biggest，the earth，the sun or the moon？地球、太阳和月亮，哪个最大？

(2)one of the＋形容词/副词最高级＋复数名词，表示在众多当中“最……之一的……”。如：

Xi'an is one of the oldest cities in China.西安是中国最古老的城市之一。

4．形容词和副词最高级的意义也可以用比较级形式表达。常见的有：

(1)形容词/副词比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词。如：

Jack gets up earlier than any other student in our class.杰克在我们班起得最早。

(2)形容词/副词比较级＋than＋the other＋复数名词。如：

Linda is quieter than the other girls in her class.琳达是她班上最安静的女孩。

语法精练

Ⅰ.用括号内所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空。

1．I have many foreign friends.Vera is ________ (outgoing) one of them.

2．Who does homework________(carefully) in your class?

3．Who do you think is ________(funny)，Mr.Smith，Mr.Black or Mr.White?

4．The school has ________ (little) students in Kunming.There are only 43 students in the school.

5．Anna plays the piano ________(well) than Susan.And Sally plays it the ________(well)．6．Yang Hao and his twin brother look the same，but Yang Hao is ________ (heavy)．

7．Last Sunday Linda sang ________ (beautifully) and won the singing competition.

8．He is one of the ________(friendly) people in shopping center.

9．The watch is very nice.And it is ________(expensive) one of all.

10．We know China has ________ (many) people in the world.

Ⅱ.把下列句子改为同义句，每空一词。

11．My ruler is shorter than Jim's.

Jim's ruler is ________ ________ mine.

12．Mike doesn't do as well as Tom.

Mike ________ ________ than Tom.

13．Bill is the tallest boy in his class.

Bill is ________ than ________ ________ boy in his class.

14．Eliza was born in 1990.Li Fei was born in 1990，too.

Eliza is ________ ________ ________ Li Fei.

15．This question is easier than that one.

This question isn't ________ ________ ________ that one.

单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)答案

Ⅰ.1.the most outgoing 2.(the) most carefully 3.the funniest 4.the least 5．better；best 6.heavier7.(the) most beautifully8.friendliest 9．the most expensive10.the most

Ⅱ.11.longer than12.does worse13.taller；any other14.as old as 15．as/so difficult as

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1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于…… 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事三、重点句子 1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的？ 1）这是一个由疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句。Where用来询问地点或场所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑问句。如：Where are you from？ Where does he live？ 2）go on vacation“去度假” He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。【解析】 vacation [v?'ke??n] n 假期 = holiday on vacation 在度假 take a vacation 去度假 winter vacation 寒假 summer vacation 暑假 ①I have a lot of _______________every year . (vacation) ( ) ②— Where did Sarah go on vacation? — She went to America. A.on vacation B. take a vacation C. is on vacation D. is for vacation

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【新人教版】2019年秋八年级英语上册单元教学案 Unit 4What's the best movie theater? Section A (1a－1c) 学习目标 1．重点单词：theater，comfortable，seat，screen，close，ticket 2．重点短语：comfortable seats，big screen，close to home，buy tickets quickly，short waiting time 3．重点句式：What's the best movie theater? It has the most comfortable seats. It has the best sound. It's the closest to home. 重点 1．形容词最高级的构成及用法 2．能用最高级的基本句型来描述人物难点能用最高级的基本句型来描述人物自主学习一、预习课本P25新单词并背诵，完成下面的汉译英。 1．戏院____________ 2.舒适的____________ 3．座位____________ 4.银幕____________ 5．接近____________ 6.入场券____________ 二、认真预习1a－1c，找出下列短语和句型。 1．舒适的座位____________________ 2．大的银幕____________________ 3．紧挨着家____________________ 4．买票快____________________ 5．等候的时间短____________________

人教版八年级英语上册8单元知识点

重点单词 1. amount 2. instruction 3. finally 4. boil 5. salt 6. sandwich 8. butter 9. check 10. duck 短语 1、one more thing另外一件事情 another ten minutes 再多十分钟 “数字+ more + 物品”指“另外的……”“another + 数字 + 物品”指“另外的……”

当数字为one时，常与more连用或只用another Eg：Give me two more hamburgers, please. 请再给我两个汉堡。Eg：The boys rode another two hours. 那些男孩子们又骑了两个小时。 Eg：Do you want one more cup of tea Do you want another cup of tea 你想再来杯茶吗 2、forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事（还没有发生） f orget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已经发生了） Eg：Don’t forget to close the windows. 不要忘记关上窗户。Eg：I forget closing the windows.我忘记关了窗了 3、Turn on the blender. 1）turn on 打开（电器等）反义词：turn off关上（电器等）。2）turn up（音量调大，调高）turn down （把音量调小，调低）turn in 上交（试卷等） turn into使成为，翻译成 turn to 转向 in turn 依次地 by turn 轮流地 3）辨析：turn on/open

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You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成： (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah e to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won't 否定句构成：will + not (won't)+do

Sarah won't e to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? (二) should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

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often(常常，经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如： We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there. 5) every day 与everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

新版人教版八年级上英语3-4单元的知识点

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初二英语语法知识点总结

1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事 2.try to do sth 尽力干某事 3. try not to do sth 尽力不干某事 4. try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 5. try on 试穿have a try 试一试 6. although /though 引导让步状语从句，“即使，虽然”，不能与but 连用，但可与yet, still 连用。 7.finish doing sth 结束干某事 8.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事 9.decide to do sth 决定干某事decide not to do sth 决定不干某事.decide on doing sth 决定干某事同义词组: make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 10.plan to do sth 计划干某事11.think about doing sth 考虑干某事12.go + v-ing 的用法: 13.:It’s + adj +for /of sb to do sth 同义句：1).I t’s +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be +adj 2).It’s +adj +of sb +to do sth = Sb +be +adj + to do sth 14. 1).take the train to …=go to …by train take the bus to …= go to …by bus 2).fly to …= go to …by plane /air walk to …. = go to …on foot ride a bike to …= go to …. by bike My uncle went to New York last week . 15. 1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth 2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ). 16. A +be +距离+from +sb = It’s +距离+from A+ to sb. 17.leave ,leave for , leave …for …1).leave +地点“离开某地”2).leave for +地点“前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地“离开某地前往某地” 18.all …not = not all “并非都”部分否定注：not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。19.the number of / a number of 1).a number of 许多= a lot of /many , number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large / small number of ….. 作主语时，谓语用复数。2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。20. 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。21.表示客气地请求某人干某事1). Would you like to do sth ? 2).Could you please do sth ? 3).Will /Would you please do sth ? 4).Can you do sth ? 22. 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事3).be busy 的反义词组be free / have time I am busy tomorrow 23. 1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后，all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。24.however / but however “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。25. 1).most of the +复数名词“…..中的大多数”2).most +复数名词“大多数的…….” 26. 1).beat:打败后面接打败的人或对象beat sb 2).win:赢后面接比赛的项目(race , game , match , prize …..) 3).lose:输lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物27.do you think 作为插入语1).位置：放在疑问词之后2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。 28.常见的不可数名词：weather work food news advice information fun music paper water 29. 1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。3).同义句：can’t afford to do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth . 30. 1).listen to …仔细倾听强调听的过程2).hear …听到、听见强调听的结果3).sound …. 系动词“听起来…….”后面接形容词而sound like +名词31. 1).not as…as 之间要用原级2).同义句：A + not as/so…as +B= A + 形容词的反义词的比较级+ than + B = B + 形容词的比较级+ than +A 32. finally = at last = in the end Finally he came up with an idea 33.turn on / open 的区别：1.turn on ：指打开水流，煤气，电灯，电视，收音机等电器的开关。 2.open：指关着的门，窗，箱子打开。 34.into/ in 的区别： 1.into表示“到……里面去”，进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。 2.in表示“在……里面”，在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。 35. too…to…= not…enough to …= so…that…. 36.：called = named = with the name (of) ?37. 1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事 2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事(注)：类似的动词有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时，需带上