专业英语课后习题

专业英语课后习题
专业英语课后习题

Unit1

2. Translate the following into Chinese

materials science 材料科学Stone Age 石器时代naked eye 肉眼optical property 光学性能mechanical strength 机械强度Bronze age 青铜时代integrated circuit 集成电路thermal conductivity 导热系数

? “Materials science" involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast, “Materials engineering” is, on the basis of these structure-property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.

“材料科学”涉及到材料的结构和性能之间的关系研究。相比之下,“材料工程”是在这些结构性能的相关的基础上,设计材料的结构以生产预定的一组属性。? “ Virtually” all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into s ix different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical. and deteriorative.

“事实上”固体材料的所有重要特性可分为六个不同的类别:机械,电,热,磁,光和变质。

? In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials. namely "processing" and "performance" .

除结构与特征外,材料科学和工程还包括另外两项重要的研究内容,即(材料的)加工与性能。

? The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationships, as well as processing techniques of materials, the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria.

工程师与科学家越熟悉材料的结构-性质之间的各种相互关系以及材料的加工技术,根据这些原则,他或她对材料的明智选择将越来越熟练和精确。

? On only rare occasion does a material possess the maximum or ideal c ombination of properties. Thus, it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another.

只有在极少数情况下材料在具有最优或理想的综合性质。因此,有必要对材料的性质进行权衡。

3. Translate the following into English

交又学科interdisciplinary study 介电常数dielectric constant

固体材料solid materials 热容heat capacity

力学性质mechanical property 电磁辐射electromagnetism radiation

材料加工materials processing 弹性系数(模数) elastic modulus

?直到最近,科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。

It was no until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties.

?材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。

Materials engineering is to solve the problem during the manufacturing and application of materials.

?材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构,同时决定了材料的特征和性能. Materials processing process determines not only their structure but also their characteristic and performance.

?材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的变形有关。

Material mechanical properties is relative with its deformation coming from outside force or load.

Unit2

2. Translate the following into Chinese

composite materials 复合材料nonlocalized electrons 游离电子

advanced materials 先进材料stiffnesses 刚性

semiconductor 半导体biomaterials 生物材料

smart materials 智能材料nanoengineered materials 纳米工程材料

? Metals are extremely good conductors of electricity and heat,and are not transparent visible light; a polished metal surface has a lustrous appearance.

金属导电、导热能力特别强,对可见光不透明;一个抛光的金属表面具有光泽。? Ceramics, are typically insulative to the passage of heat and electricity, and are more resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments than metals and polymers.

陶瓷是典型的绝热、绝缘体,在对高温和苛刻环境的抵抗力方面优于金属和高聚物。

? Materials that are utilized in high-technology (or high-tech) applications are sometimes termed advanced materials.

应用于高技术领域的材料有时候被称为先进材料。

? Piezoelectric ceramics expand and contract in response to an applied electric field (or voltage); conversely, they also generate an electric field when their dimensions are altered.

响应外加电场(或电压),压电陶瓷会膨胀和收缩;相反的,当尺寸改变时,压电陶瓷也会产生一个电场。

? With the advent of scanning probe microscopes, which permit observation of individual atoms and molecules, it has become possible to manipulate and move atoms and molecules form new structures and,thus,design new materials that are built from simple atomic-level constituents (i. c., “materials by design”).

随着扫描探针显微镜的问世,这种显微镜允许观察单个原子或者分子,使得操作和移动原子和分子形成新的结构、基于简单原子水平上设计新材料成为可能。

3. Translate the following into English

先进材料advaneced materials 陶瓷材料ceramic materials

高性能材料high-perfomiance materials 黏土矿物clay minerals

合金alloys 移植implant

玻璃纤维glass fiber 碳纳米管carbon nanotube ?金属元素有许多游离电子,金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。

Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons, many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons.

?许多聚合物材料是有机化合物,并具有大的分子结构。

Many of polymers are organic compounds , and they have very large molecular structures.

?半导体材料的电性特征介于导电材料(如金属、金属合金)与绝缘体(陶瓷材料和聚合体材料)之间。

Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors (viz. metals and metal alloys) and insulators (viz. ceramics and polymers).

?生物材料不能产生毒性,并且必须与人体组织互相兼容。

Biomaterials must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.

Unit3

2. Translate the following into Chinese

naked eye 肉眼transition elements 过渡元素

mechanical property 力学性能atomic number 原子序数

elementary chemistry 基础化学positively charged protons 带正电的质子

? Metals behave differently than ceramics,and ceramics behave differently than

polymers.

金属行为不同于陶瓷,陶瓷行为不同于高聚物。

? The atomic structure primarily affects the chemical, physical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. The microstructure and macrostructure can also affect these properties but they generally have a larger effect on mechanical properties and on the rate of chemical reaction.

原子结构主要影响材料的化学性能、物理性能、热性能、电学性能、磁学性能、光学性能,微观结构和宏观结构也影响这些性能但更主要影响材料的力学性能和化学反应速率。

? The strength of metals suggests that these atoms are held together by strong bonds.金属的强度表明这些原子靠强键结合。

? An element's atomic number indicates the number of positively charged proto ns in the nucleus. The atomic weight of an atom indicates how many protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

元素原子序数表明原子核中带正电的质子数目。原子量表明原子核中有多少个质子和中子。

3. Translate the following into English

微观结构microstructure 宏观结构macrostructure

化学反应chemical reaction 原子量atomic weight

电荷平衡balanced electric charge 带正电子的原子核

positively charge nucleus

?从我们呼吸的空气到各种各样性质迥异的金属,成千上万种物质均是由100多种原子组成的。

These same 100 atoms form thousands of different substances ranging from the air we breathe to the metals of various properties.

?事实证明金属原子是通过很强的键结合在一起的。

The facts suggests that metal atoms are held together by strong bonds.

?微现结构是指能够通过显微镜观察到的而不是用肉眼直接观察到的结构;宏观结构是指可以直接用肉眼观察到的结构。

Microstructure indicates features that cannot be seen with the naked eye, but macrostructure indicates features that can be seen with the naked eye.

?原子核中质子和中子的量的总和就是原子量。

The combination(total) of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is the atomic weight of an atom.

Unit4

2. Translate the following into Chinese

phase transformation temperatures 相转变温度specific gravity 比重

thermal conductivity 热导率the melting point 熔点

the acceleration of gravity 重力加速度magnetic permeability 磁导率

? An object will float in water if its density is less than the density of water and sink if its density is greater that that of water. Similarly, an object with specific gravity less than one will float and those with a specific gravity greater than one will sink.

物体密度比水轻时将漂浮在水面,密度比水大时将下沉。类似的,比重小于1的物体将漂浮,比重大于1的物体将下沉。

? Materials that cause the lines of flux to move farther apart, resulting in a decrease in magnetic ?ux density compared with a vacuum, are called diamagnetic. Materials that centrate magnetic flux by a factor of more than one but less than or equal to ten are called paramagnetic; materials that concentrate the flux by a factor of more than ten are called ferromagnetic.

使磁力线相互分开,导致磁通量比真空小的材料被称为反磁性材料。使磁通集中、相对磁导率大于1小于或等于10的材料被称为顺磁性材料;使磁通集中、相对磁导率大于10的材料被称为铁磁性材料。

? Certain ferromagnetic materials , especially powdered or laminated iron, steel, or nickel alloys, have μr that can range up to about 1000000. Diamagnetic materials have μr less than one, but no known substance has relative permeability much less than one.

某些铁电材料,特别是粉末状态或者叠层状态的铁、钢、镍合金,他们的相对磁导率可以大到1000000。反磁性材料的磁导率小于1但是相对磁导率远远小于1的物质还没有被发现。

? When a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic: core is inserted into a coil, the inductance is multiplied by μr compared with the inductance of the same coil with an air core.

当顺磁性或铁磁性芯被插入到线圈中时,磁感应强度是空气芯时的μr倍。

3. Translate the following into English

相对密度Relative density 沸点boling point

磁感应magnetic induction 热导率Thermal conduction

玻璃转变温度glass transition temperature 有色金属nonferrous metal

线性热膨胀系数linear coefficient of thermal expansion 单位体积质量mass per any unit of volume

? 化学性质是用来描述一种物质变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质. Chemical properties are those that describe how a substance changes into a completely different one.

? 相变是一种物理性质,并且物质存在四种相: 固相,液相,气相和等离子体. Phase transition is a physical property and matter can exist in four phases : solid , liquid , gas and plasma.

? 当温度低于熔点时,聚合物的晶体结构破坏,但其分子仍然在分子链上,从而形成一种柔软性和柔顺性材料.

Instead , at some temperature below the melting point , polymers start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains , which results in a soft and pliable material.

? 在工程应用中,渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值来表示.

In engineering applications , permeability is often expressed in relative , rather than in absolute , terms .

Unit5

2. Translate the following into Chinese

the service life 服役期限the longitudinal direction 纵向方向

the transverse direction横向方向dynamic or cyclic loading 动态或循环载荷

the initial length of the material 材料的初始长度elastic deformation 弹性形变

plastic deformation 塑性形变localized deformation 局部形变

?The mechanical properties of metals determine the range of usefulness of a material establish the service life that can be expected.

金属的力学性质决定了材料使用范围,和服役期限。

?Therefore, multiple tests are commonly conducted to determine mechanical properties and values reported can be an average value or calculated statistical minimum value.

因此,为了确定力学性质,一般需要做大量实验,报道的值一般是平均值或者经过计算的统计学上的最小值。

?The way a material is loaded greatly affects its mechanical properties and largely determines how, or if, a component will fail; and whether it will show warning signs

before failure actually occurs.

材料受载方式很大程度上决定了其力学性质,同时也在很大程度上决定了零部件怎样失效或者是否失效,以及在失效发生以前,是否会给出预警信号。?However, a bar loaded in bending will have a stress distribution that changes with distance perpendicular to the normal axis.

但是,承受弯曲载荷的棒其应力分布状态与垂直法线轴的距离有关。?Elastic deformation only occurs in a material when stresses are l ower than a critical stress called the yield strength.

低于一个被称为屈服极限的临界应力时,材料仅仅发生弹性形变。

3. Translate the following into English

实验样品test specimen 静负荷static loading

作用力applied force 垂直轴normal axis

工程应变engineering strain 临界应力critical stress

屈服强度yield strength 应力面积stress area

应力-应变曲线stress-strain curve

?通常,温度低于室温时,金属合金的强度性质降低,而延展性,破碎韧度和拉伸性能增强.

Temperature above room temperature usually cause a decrease in the strength properties of metallic alloys,but a increase in ductility, fracture toughness and elongation.

?从材料的角度来说,应力是一种在材料内部所分布的力,它可以平衡所施加的负荷与其发生相互作用.

From the perspective of what is happening within a material , stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and react to the loads applied to it. ?工程应变可定义为: 所施加方向上的材料的改变量与材料原始长度的比值. Engineering strain is defined as the amount of deformation in the direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the material .

?高强度和高延展性的材料比低强度和低延展性的材料的韧性高.

A material with high stress and high ductility will have more toughness than a material with low strength and low ductility

Unit6

2. Translate the following into Chinese

Silicon single crystals 单晶硅computed tomography scan 电子断层扫描

magnetic resonance imaging 核磁共振显像the military industrial complex 军工复合物

Gross National Happiness 国民幸福指数

the average population growth rate of the world 世界人口平均增长率

? With impending and burgeoning societal issues affecting the human condition on our, the MSE community has a responsibility and an opportunity to truly make a differ by addressing the needs of the world of tomorrow-needs in energy, transportation, food, recycling. and health.

随着各种影响人类生存环境的社会问题的快速发展和逼近,材料科学与工程协会有责任,也有机会改变未来世界的需要一包括能源、交通、住房、食物、循

环利用及健康。

? Populatio n is growing at much higher rates in the less developed countries in comparison to the average population growth rate of the world, which is l.4%.

1.4%欠发达国家的人口增加速度高于世界平均水平1.4% 。

? Projections are that global energy use will grow by 1. 7% annually until 2025, Which a faster rate than the world population growth rate.

据预测,直到2025年,全球能源消耗年增长率为1.7%,该数值超过世界人口增长率。

? Moreover, average energy use per person is still more than nine times greater in developed regions than in less developed regions.

而且,发达地区的人均能源消耗是欠发达地区的九倍多。

3. Translate the following into English

国内生产总值grass domestic product 材料科学与工程material science and engineering

市场经济market economy 社会问题social issue

经济指数economic index 卫生保健market economy

国民生产总值gross national product 人口增长率population growth rate

? 然而,随着时间的变化,人类的革新与创造力,工程师满足社会需求的能力和建立工程企业的精神是永恒不变的.

However, some things that have been constant over time are human innovation and

creativity, the engineer’s ability to address societal n eeds, and the entrepreneurial spirit of engineering

? 我们可以看到医学,通信学和运输工业的革命给我们生活带来的变化.

We have witnessed the re-shaping of our lives through revolutions that have taken place in medicine , telecommunications, and transportation industries.

? 18%的世界人口缺少安饮用水,几乎40%缺少环境卫生设施.

Eighteen percent of the word' s population lacks access to safe drinking water and nearly 40% has no access to sanitation.

? 材料与社会是互相联系的,并且我们应当认为材料科学工程的发展与影响人类生存条件的全球社会问题存在紧密的联系,这是唯一理性的看法.

Materials and society are interlinked, and it is only rational that we should see a close relation between the MSE - research agenda and societal issues that affect the human condition on the globe.

Unit7

2.Translate the following into Chinese

conduction bands 导带alkali metals 碱金属

atomic radius 原子半径overlap of orbital energies 轨道能量重叠

the ion lattice 离子晶格solid solution 固溶体

? In chemistry, a metal is defined as an element that readily loses electrons to form

dive ions and forms metallic bonds between other metal atoms.

化学上,金属被定义为这样一种元素:容易失去电子行程正离子、容易和其他金属原子形成金属键。

? The nondirectional nature of metallic bonding is thought to he the primary reason for malleability of metal.

金属键的无方向性被认为是金属延展性的主要原因。

? Crystals with covalent bond can on ly be deformed by breaking the bonds between at-thereby resulting in fragmentation of the crystal.

共价键晶体只有打破原子间价键才能发生形变,因此导致了晶体破碎。

? Alloys specially designed for highly demanding applications, such as jet engines, contain more than ten elements.

为了一些高性能场合应用,如喷气式发动机,特殊设计的合金可以包含10种以上元素。

3.Translate the following into English

离域电子delocalized electrons 电子结构electrical structure 碱土金属alkali-earth metals 化学电池electrochemical cell

核电荷nuclear charge 导电性electrical conductivity

?金属有时被描述为由游离电子团包围的正离子晶格。

Metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons.

?通常地,金属其有良好的导电性和导热性,其有金属光泽,密度较大,并且其有在压力下变形而不会断裂的能力。

Metals in general have superior electric and thermal conductivity, high luster and density and the ability to be deformed under stress without cleaving.

?合金是指两种或两种以上的元素形成的固溶体混合物,其中主要组分为全属. An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements in solid solution in which the major component is a metal.

?不同比率的金属结合成为合金可以改变纯金属的性质,从而产生所需要的性能.

Combining different ratios of metals as alloys modifies the properties of pure metals to produce desirable characteristics.

Unit8

2. Translate the following into Chinese

high-performance alloy 高性能合金mechanical strength

机械强度

single crystal alloys 单晶合金oxidation and corrosion resistance

抗氧化腐蚀性

precipitation strengthening 沉淀强化crystalline lattice

晶格

?Superalloy development has relied heavily on both chemical and process innovations and has been driven primarily by the aerospace and power industries.

超耐热合金的发展高度依赖于化学和工艺的革新、主要由航空和能源工业推动。

?Creep resistance is dependent on slowing the speed of dislocations within the crystal structure

抗蠕变依赖于在晶体结构中降低位错移动速度。

?The historical development s in superalloy processing have brought about considerable increases in superalloy operating temperatures.

超耐热合金加工技术的历史发展导致了超耐热合金使用温度的巨大提高。?Single-crystal superalloys (SC superalloys) are formed as a single crystal using a modified version of the directional solidification technique, so there are no grain boundaries in the material.

单晶超耐热合金材料是以一种单晶体状体态而形成的,这种单晶体是应用一种修正的定性凝固技术被制造出来的,因此单晶超耐热合金材料中没有晶界。3. Translate the following into English

面心立方晶休结构Face centered cubic crystal structure 涡轮入口温度turbine inlet temperature

金属材料Metallic material 相稳定性phase stability

核反应堆Nuclear reaction 纳米粒子的合成synthesis of nanoparticles

?典型的超耐热合金具有奥氏体的面心立方晶体结构。

.Superalloys typically have an austenitic face-centered cubic crystal structure.

?根据超耐热合金的性质,超耐热合金的产品可以在高温和腐蚀环境中得到应用。

Superalloys are used where there is a need for high temperature strength and corrosion /oxidation resistance, according to their properties.

?超耐热合金主要用于航空工业、潜水、核反应堆、军用发动机等方面。

The largest applications of superalloys are the following: aerospace, submarines, nuclear reactors and military electric motors.

?高温下气态的氯化铝或氟化铝可以从超耐热合金内部转移到表面。

At high temperatures, the gaseous aluminum chloride or fluoride is transferred to the surface of the superalloy from its inner part.

Unit9

2. Translate the following into Chinese

electromotive force series 电动势序electrochemical potential 电化学势

oxidation process 氧化过程electrical balance 电平衡basic principle 基本原理Fretting corrosion 磨损

腐蚀

?The corrosion process is usually electrochemical in nature , having the essential features of a battery.

腐蚀过程从本质上说是一个电化学过程,有着与电池相同的本质特征。?The difficulty in terms of energy required to extract metals from their ores is directly related to the ensuing tendency to corrode and release this energy.

从矿物中提炼金属所需能源的问题与后续的腐蚀和能量释放直接相关。?The electrical balance of the circuit is restored at the cathode when the electrons

react with neutralizing positive ions ,such as hydrogen ions ,in the electrolyte.

当电子和正离子(如电解液中的氢离子)发生中和反应时,阴极处电子得以平衡。

3. Translate the following into English

保护膜protective film 电路circuit

自由电子free electron 电子转移electron transfer

金属离子metallic ion 正极反应anode reaction

?金和银这类金属在自然界中是以金属状态存在的,在环境中它们不容易被腐蚀。

Some metals ,such as gold and silver, can be found in the earth in their natural, metallic state, and they have little tendency to corrode.

?氧化过程中从金属中夺取电子,而还原过程中金属得到电子。

Oxidation is the process of stripping electrons from an atom and reduction occurs when an electron is added to an atom.

?当金属表面处于湿润状态之后,在表面上的水层中会发生正负极之间的粒子转移,这就是腐蚀。

If the surface becomes wet, corrosion may take place through ionic exchange in the surface water laver between the anode and cathode.

?通常情况下腐蚀的种类是根据被腐蚀后金属的外观来进行划分的。Corrosion is commonly classification based on the appearance of the corroded

material.

Unit10

2. Translate the following into Chinese

the purification of raw materials 原材料的提纯long-chain alkane molecules 长链烷烃

glass beaker 玻璃烧杯viscous liquid 粘性液体

spark plug insulator 火花塞绝缘体glass ceramics 玻璃陶瓷

computer-assisted process control 计算机辅助过程控制surface analytical methods 表面分析方法

?We will look at some properties and see how closely they match our expectations of what constitutes a ceramic.

我们将审视几个性质,会看到这些性质与我们对陶瓷构成的预判是何等匹配。?At high temperatures (above the glass transition temperature), glass no longer be-haves in a brittle manner; it behaves as a viscous liquid.

高温下(高于玻璃转变温度),玻璃不在表现出脆性行为,而是表现得像粘状液体一样。

?They exhibit superior mechanical properties, corrosion/oxidation resistance, or electrical, optical, and/or magnetic properties.

它们表现出优异的力学性能、抗氧化腐蚀性能、或者电学、光学、磁学性能。?While traditional clay-based ceramics have been used for over 25000 years,

数学专业英语

数学专业英语课后答案

2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics,算数arithmetics,几何学geometry,代数学algebra,三角学trigonometry,高等数学higher mathematics,初等数学elementary mathematics,高等代数higher algebra,数学分析mathematical analysis,函数论function theory,微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition,公理axiom,公设postulate,定义definition,定理theorem,引理lemma,推论deduction 3.形form,数number,数字numeral,数值numerical value,图形figure,公式formula,符号notation(symbol),记法/记号sign,图表chart 4.概念conception,相等equality,成立/真true,不成立/不真untrue,等式equation,恒等式identity,条件等式equation of condition,项/术语term,集set,函数function,常数constant,方程equation,线性方程linear equation,二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation,加法addition,减法subtraction,乘法multiplication,除法division,证明proof,推理deduction,逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land,推导定理to deduce theorems,指定的运算indicated operation,获得结论to obtain the conclusions,占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 (1)数学来源于人类的社会实践,包括工农业的劳动,商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. (2)如果没有运用数学,任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. (3)符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用,它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. (4)17 世纪之前,人们局限于初等数学,即几何、三角和代数,那时只考虑常数。Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. (5)方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. (6)方程又称为条件等式,因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. (7)方程很有用,可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。

专业英语课后习题答案

Lesson2 Exercises 1. Put the following into Chinese. (1)Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor in ohms. 流过电路里电阻的电流,与加在电阻两端的电压成正比,与电阻的阻值成反比。这就是欧姆定律。 (2)Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region. 不过,许多材料在规定的工作范围内非常接近理想线性电阻。 (3)It should be noted that an ideal voltage source (dependent or independent ) will produce any current required to ensure that the terminal voltage is as stated, whereas an ideal current source will produce the necessary voltage to ensure the stated current flow. 应该注意:一个理想电压源(独立或受控)可向电路提供任意电流以保证其端电压为规定值,而电流源可向电路提供任意电压以保证其规定电流。 (4)A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction that some specific type of network element places on the variables. Still another class of relationship is one between several variable of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration, i. e., the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected. 一种不同类型的关系是由于网络元件的某种特定类型的连接对变量的约束。另一类关系由于网络结构,即网络的不同元件互相连接的方式所产生的相同形式的一些变量间的关系。 (5)The thermal conductivity of metals is as much as several hundred times that of glass. 金属的导热率比玻璃高几百倍。 (6)Magnetic line of force will,whenever passible, travel through iron or other magnetic materials. 磁力线只要有可能就会通过铁或其它磁性材料。 (7)Actually, 0 o C is indeed the lower limit to temperatures capable of being attained. 事实上绝对零度确是所能达到的温度的最低限度。 2. Translate the following into English. (1)电路元件吸收或释放的功率为元件两端的电压与流过该元件电流的乘积。 The power absorbed or supplied by a circuit element is the product of the voltage across the element and the current through it. (2)理想独立电源是一个有源元件,它所提供的电压或电流不依赖于电路中其他变量。 An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables. (3)受控电源是一个有源元件,它所提供的电压或电流受电路中某部分电压或电流控制。 An ideal dependent (or controlled) source is an active element in which the source quantity is controlled by another voltage or current. (4)叠加定理为:线性电路中,任一电压或电流都是电路中各个独立电源单独作用时,在该处产生的电压或电流的叠加。 The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or current through) that element due to each independent source acting alone. (5)计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。Computers may be classfied as analog and digital.(6)新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times. (7)超导体在电气应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。The importance of superconductor in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated.

数学专业英语课后答案

2.1 数学、方程与比例 (1)数学来源于人类的社会实践,包括工农业的劳动,商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. (2)如果没有运用数学,任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. (3)符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用,它常用于表示概念和命题。Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. (4)17 世纪之前,人们局限于初等数学,即几何、三角和代数,那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. (5)方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. (6)方程又称为条件等式,因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. (7)方程很有用,可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。 Equations are of very great use. We can use equations in many mathematical problems. (8)解方程时要进行一系列移项和同解变形,最后求出它的根,即未知量的值。To solve the equation means to move and change the terms about without making the equation untrue, until the root of the equation is obtained, which is the value of unknown term. 2.2 几何与三角 (1)许多专家都认为数学是学习其他科学技术的必备基础和先决条件。 Many experts recognize that mathematics is the necessary foundation and prerequisite of studying other science technology. (2)西方国家的专家认为几何起源于巴比伦和埃及人的土地测量技术,其实中国古代的数学家对几何做了许多出色的研究。 The western experts think that geometry had its origin in the measurements by the Babylonians and Egyptians of their lands. Infect, the ancient Chinese mathematicians made much remarkable study for geometry. (3)几何的学习使学生在思考问题时更周密和审慎,他们将不会盲目接受任何结论。 In studying geometry, the student is taught to think clearly and critically and he is led away from the practice of blind acceptance of any conclusions. (4)数学培养学生的分析问题的能力,使他们能应用毅力、创造性和逻辑推理来解决问题。

数学专业英语一次函数专题

“数学专业英语一次函数专题”教学设计 1. 教学内容及解析 教学内容:与直角坐标系及一次函数相关的英语文献资料 内容解析:本节内容应从两个方面去考虑. 一方面,从数学知识的角度,本节所涉及的是从平面直角坐标系到一次函数的数学知识,都是学生学过的基础知识及其应用,是对于这些知识的拉练式复习,并作为后面用英语叙述解答相关问题知识基础;另一方面,从语言的角度,学生会接触到大量没有接触过,但他们却很熟悉的英语词汇及短语,主动学习的学生可以在老师的指导下快速理解其含义并加入到自己的知识体系中,但需要花时间巩固,是需要读、写、说来巩固的内容. 这也正是本节的重点和难点所在. 2. 教学目标及解析 教学目标:①能根据已有的数学知识和给出的单词对照表,将给出的相关数学定理及结论的英语版本翻译为中文;②能理解并解答用英语表述的相关数学问题;③能将解决数学问题的过程用英语进行书面表述;④初步了解用英语表达与直角坐标系及一次函数相关数学理论的范式. 目标解析:学生掌握基本词汇,并能阅读与本节内容相关的英语文献,是学习和使用数学专业英语的最基本要求,学生需要在学习的过程中逐渐由接受,即阅读或聆听,逐渐向输出,即书面和口头表达的方向发展. 为达到此目标,学生需要在课前独立完成对于本节需要的单词的学习,并阅读一系列简短的相关数学文献,并在这个过程中初步体会数学专业英语的表达范式;在课堂上,在教师的指导下对自己的认知进一步补充,并进行一定量的练习,暴露自己的问题,在教师的帮助下修正问题,完善认知. 3. 教学问题诊断分析 学生在进行语言表达时,往往受到母语的限制,对于非母语的表达方式的接受能力一时难以习惯,而数学对于表达能力则有更高的要求,要求叙述简洁、逻辑清晰,因此本教学设计强调学生在有相当阅读量的积累后,通过自主练习,逐渐感受用英语表达数学理论的基本范式. 教师在教学过程中的主要任务在于为学生提供合适的学习资料,在学生学习的过程中给予提示与指导,及时指出学生的问题并予以纠正. 对于语言的学习,阅读量的积累是至关重要的,教师在课堂上的讲解、学生在课堂上的练习,都只是学习的一部分环节,如果需要帮助学生正确掌握表达数学理论的范式,尽量不留死角,就必须保证课前预习和课后复习的有效性,预习复习材料的充足性,这对教师的教学资料的积累和学生自主学习能力,都是一个挑战. 4. 教学支持条件分析 学情条件:初二8班是实验班,学生有较强的学习热情和好奇心,也知道课前预习、课上参与学习活动、课后复习的重要性,在曾经的数学课程教学中,也有一定的课前预习,课堂讨论的传统,对于本教学设计的各个环节,是可以理解教师的用意,并遵循教师的指导进行学习活动. 在知识层面上,学生已经系统学习过一次函数相关的知识,课程中提供的学习资料都是学生熟悉的数学知识;学生在英语学习上,已经有多年的积累,对于英语语法的学

选矿书籍大全

选矿书籍大全 1. 大学教材 1.1 冶金工业出版社高校统编教材 《矿石学基础(第2版)》 《工艺矿物学》 《选矿概论》 《碎矿和磨矿》 《重力选矿(修订版)》(孙玉波主编,1993) 《磁电选矿》(王常任主编,1986出版;有书签) 《浮选[已经补齐]》(胡为柏版) 《矿物化学处理》 《选厂设计合集》 《化学选矿》 《化学选矿(原理、工艺及实践)》 《选矿电磁学》(昆工版,pdf,有书签) 《碎矿与磨矿(第二版)》 《碎矿与磨矿》 1.2 近年来新式教材(淡化专业性教材) 《矿物加工颗粒学》(选矿专业研究生教材之一) 《矿物颗粒分选工程》 《选矿学》(其实是选煤学,没有电选、化选内容,磁选和浮选一般) 《资源加工学》 《固体物料分选理论与工艺》 《选矿厂设计》(周龙廷高清第2版+书签+水印) 1.3 冶金行业职业教育培训规划教材 《碎矿与磨矿技术》 《磁电选矿技术》 《浮游选矿技术》 《重力选矿技术》 《化学选矿》黄尔君(高清) 1.4 其他经典教材 《浮游选煤与选矿》(蔡璋) 《浮选》(郭梦熊) 《矿石可选性研究(邱,超星)》 《矿石可选性研究(pdf)》(中南版) 《矿石可选性研究方法(pdf)》(邱版) 《老版的:矿石可选性研究》 《矿物浮选原理(书签+水印)》(卢版) 《重选原理》(老版教材) 《选矿厂设计(铁矿)》 《选矿厂设计(有色矿) 》(中南版) 《金与有色金属矿选矿厂设计》(徐正春版)

《大学生毕业设计指导教程(冶金,选矿,化工分册)》 《国外选矿设计名著 《选矿工艺》(侧重洗煤) 《选矿工艺与设备的概论.doc》 《[To] win_zw , 关于选矿工艺学方面教程》 《选矿工艺学(书签+水印)》 《很实用的浮选教材》 【基础化学丛书】《无机化学》《有机化学》《物理化学》《分析化学》1.5 专业英语 《选矿工程专业英语》 《选矿英语教材》 《简明英汉矿业词典》(在学校没有认真学专业英语的人有福了!)《汉英-英汉图解矿物加工词典》 《汉英-英汉矿物加工图解词典\邹志毅》 《矿物加工科技英语》 2 专著类书籍 2.1 选矿总论部分(不分矿种) 【数学模型】 《选矿数学模拟与模型》 《数学模型在矿物工程中的应用》(胡为柏李松仁著,1983) 【磁电选矿】 《磁种分选理论与实践》 《磁选理论及工艺(书签+水印)》 《高梯度磁力分离》 《铁矿石电选新工艺新技术-摩擦电选工艺理论(word版)》 《超导磁选及其进展》 《矿物电选》 【化学选矿】 《化学冶金(英文版)》 《有关选冶联合方面的名著-化工冶金(化学选矿)原理与实践》 《堆浸的原理和工艺》 《浸矿技术》 《加压浸出吸附萃取》 《矿浆电解原理》 《资源微生物技术》 《生物技术在矿物加工中的应用》-2008新书 《化学分离富集方法及应用》 【重力选矿】 《矿物分离过程动力学》 《微细与超细难选矿泥射流流膜离心分选法》 《悬浮液选矿理论与工艺新发展》 《水力旋流器分离技术》作者:赵庆国 《水筛理论及应用》文书明著 【浮游选矿】

专业英语部分习题答案参考

b--吡啶pyridine 巴比妥酸:barbituric acid比电导conductance 不规则的:irregular 崩解剂disintegrant c--萃取extraction 成团:agglomeration 测量仪measurement 肠液:intestinal fluid d--胆固醇cholestero 对映体:enantiomer 电极electrode 代谢:metabolism f--反相渗透reverse osmosis 分布:disposition g--构象:conformation 固化:solidize j--甲苯toluene 静脉注:intravenous injection 挤压:compress 聚集:aggregate 胶囊capsule l--粒子:particle 立体选择性:stereoselectivity 利用率:availability m--灭菌产品sterile products n--粘合剂adhesive p--偏振光:polarized light 片剂tablet 配剂elixir 排泄:excretion q--起始原料starting materials(raw materials) q醛aldehyde r--溶解度:solubility 乳剂emulsion 润滑剂lubricant s--释放:release 渗液solution 生物膜:biologic membrane 生物碱alkaloid, t---糖浆syrup 甜味剂sweetener w--丸剂pill 微生物microorganism 胃液:gastric fluid 稳定态:steady-state x--旋光异构现象:optical isomerism 悬浮液suspension 香味剂flavor 稀释剂diluent 形状:shape 吸收:absorption 消除:elimination y--胰岛素insulin 压片:tablet compression z--中间体intermediate 重结晶recrystallization 左旋:levorotation 蒸馏distillation 组织tissue a--asymmetric carbon不对称碳absorption吸收action动作adhesive粘合剂c--contamination污染chirality:手性compress压缩composite合成的compressibility:可压缩性compaction:压紧contamination specialize特殊污染conductivity电导率control:控制clinical:临床的 d--design:设计dry:干燥delivery:传送 e-- extend:延长epoxide:环氧化物 f-- formulation:制剂fluidity:流动性f unction:功能 g--geometric isomerism:几何异构 h-- hormone激素hydrolysis diastereoisomer:水解非对映异构体 heterogeneous catalyst多相催化剂, i--irrigating冲洗 m-- metabolite代谢物medication药物治疗medicine内服药mill:研磨measure尺寸mix:混合microorganisms微生物 o--ophthalmic眼药 p-- polysaccharide多糖peptide肽plasma血浆penicillin青霉素,precursor:前体partition coefficient:狭义分配系数pharmaceutical制药的parenteral注射药物pycogens热源procedure:程序 q-- quality性质quantity数量 s-- steroid甾类steric effect:空间效应stereoselectivity:立体选择性screening:过筛sustain :维持 t-- treat治疗therapy:治疗 u--uniformity目标v--vaccine疫苗

数学专业英语课后答案

2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics,算数arithmetics,几何学geometry,代数学algebra,三角学trigonometry,高等数学higher mathematics,初等数学elementary mathematics,高等代数higher algebra,数学分析mathematical analysis,函数论function theory,微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition,公理axiom,公设postulate,定义definition,定理theorem,引理lemma,推论deduction 3.形form,数number,数字numeral,数值numerical value,图形figure,公式formula,符号notation(symbol),记法/记号sign,图表chart 4.概念conception,相等equality,成立/真true,不成立/不真untrue,等式equation,恒等式identity,条件等式equation of condition,项/术语term,集set,函数function,常数constant,方程equation,线性方程linear equation,二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation,加法addition,减法subtraction,乘法multiplication,除法division,证明proof,推理deduction,逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land,推导定理to deduce theorems,指定的运算indicated operation,获得结论to obtain the conclusions,占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 (1)数学来源于人类的社会实践,包括工农业的劳动,商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. (2)如果没有运用数学,任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. (3)符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用,它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. (4)17 世纪之前,人们局限于初等数学,即几何、三角和代数,那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. (5)方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. (6)方程又称为条件等式,因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. (7)方程很有用,可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。

化学工程与工艺专业英语课后习题参考答案

Key to Exercise Unit 1 Chemical Industries 1.the Industrial Revolution https://www.360docs.net/doc/b84284205.html,anic chemicals 3.the contact process 4.the Haber process 5.synthetic polymers 6.intermediates 7.artificial fertilizers 8.pesticides (crop protection chemicals) 9.synthetic fibers 10.pharmaceutical 11.research and development 12.petrochemical https://www.360docs.net/doc/b84284205.html,puters(automatic control equipment) 14.capital intensive Some Chemicals Used In Our Daily Life Unit 2 Research and Development 1.R&D 2.ideas and knowledge 3.process and products 4.fundamental 5.applied 6.product development 7.existing product 8.pilot plant 9.profitbility 10.environmental impact 11.energy cost 12.technical support 13.process improvement 14.effluent treatment 15.pharmaceutical 16.sufficiently pure 17.Reaction 18.unreacted material 19.by-products 20.the product specification 21.Product storage

数学专业英语27528

第一章 数学专业英语的阅读和翻译初级阶段 1.1 数学专业英语的基本特点 一 注意对客观事实与真理的描述: 1. 语句事态的使用上常用一般现在时 例 An equation is a statement of the equality between two equal numbers or number symbols. 2. 被动语态出现频率高“It is …”句型也使用得多 例 It is cleat that any function defined for all positive real x may be used to construct a sequence by restricting x to take only integer values. 3. 主动语态句型也多数用于强调事实,而不是强调行为发出者及其情感 例 1:Given ε> 0,there exits a number N>0. such that ε<-a a n for all n ≥N 例 2:Since h(x) is harmonic on a neighborhood of B(a,r), we have )()()(a h x d x h B =? ?σ “we have ” =one has 可省略 译为 “可以得出”什么结论 二 科学内容的完整性与表达形式的精炼性要求 三 数学的专业性十分典型 1、有的概念可能有几个同义词 如“计算”有: count calculate calculation calculus compute computation 2、同一词根的次和词组很多,如: Integrability 可积性 integrable 可积的 integral 积分,积分的,整数的 integral calculus 积分学 integralization 整化 integrate 积分 3、半专业词汇多是出现频率高 如: function 函数 functional 泛函 power 幂 set 假定,令

2013机械专业人才培养方案.

2013级机械设计制造及其自动化专业人才培养方案 一、培养目标 本专业培养社会主义建设需要的,德、智、体全面发展的,具有从事机电一体化产品和系统的运行、维护、设计、制造及开发基本能力的高级应用型专门人才。学生通过必须的理论课程及实践教学环节的学习,获得工程师的基本训练,毕业生达到本科基本要求。在政治思想道德方面:热爱祖国,拥护党的基本路线,具有全心全意为人民服务的精神。遵纪守法,有良好的社会公德和职业道德。 二、培养规格 本专业采用:“通识教育,厚基础,宽口径,分类培养”的教学管理模式,具有机电一体化的特色。学生主要学习机械设计与制造的基础理论,学习微电子技术的基本知识,受到现代机械工程师的基本训练,具有进行机械产品设计、制造及设备控制、生产组织管理的基本能力。 毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力: 1、具有正确的政治方向,热爱祖国,拥护中国共产党的领导,掌握马列主义、毛泽东思想和 邓小平理论的基本知识;树立科学的世界观、人生观和价值观,具有崇高的爱国主义精神和共产主义的道德品质; 2、具有较扎实的自然科学和人文社会科学基础,具有良好的身体素质和心理素质; 3、具有一定的英语听说读写能力,能阅读本专业英文书刊; 4、具有计算机应用基本能力,受到计算机辅助设计制造的基本训练,掌握资料查询、文献检 索及运用现代信息技术获取相关信息的基本方法; 5、较系统地掌握本专业领域宽广的技术理论基础知识,具有本专业必需的制图、计算、实验、 测试、文献检索和基本工艺操作等基本技能; 6、具有较强的自学能力和创新意识,具有初步的科学研究、科技开发及组织管理能力和团队 协作精神,了解其学科前沿及其发展趋势。 三、专业方向 1. 机械设计与制造方向 2.机械电子方向

专业英语课后习题答案

1.two-terminal element 二端口元件 2.associated reference direction 关联参考方向 3.Ohm’s Law 欧姆定律 4.electric field 电场 5.displacement current 转移电流 6.short circuit 短路 7.magnetic field 磁场 8.conduction current 传导电流 1.capacitance 2.capacitor 3.resistance 4.resistor 5.Inductance 6.Inductor We can make two important observations here.在此,我们可以得到两条重要的结论:第一,如果电流是常数,理想电感器的端电压为0,这样电感器在恒量或直流中可以当作短路;第二,在电感器中电流不能瞬时变化,也就是说,在0时间内电流不能以有限量改变。 2 1.能量转换energy conversion 2.正极positive terminal 3串联电路series circuit 4.电路化简方法circuit simplification technique 5.电路分析方法circuit analysis technique 6.阻性电路resistive circuit 7.戴维南和诺顿等效电路Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuit 8.节点电压法node-voltage method 9.网孔电流法mesh-current method 10.参考节点reference node We can use those approaches for all circuits,对于所有的电路都可以使用这些方法,但是当电路结构更复杂、引入更多元件的时候,这种直接求解的方法很快就变得麻烦了。此时,可以使用两种常规的分析方法。 3 1. amplify current 放大电流 2. electronic component 电子元器件 3. complex circuit 复杂电路 4. vacuum tube 真空管 5. hand-held calculator便携式计算机 6. integrated circuit chip集成电路芯片 7. semiconductor material 半导体材料 8. microprocessor 微处理器 Bardeen和Brattain认为问题在于液体,所以他们用本质是锗锈的氧化锗来代替液体。Gibney准备了一块特殊的锗片,锗片的一面上有一层绿色的氧化层。12月12日Brattain开始插入接触点。

关于数学专业英语课程的研究与探讨

第34卷第10期2017年10月 吉林化工学院学报 JOURNAL OF JILIN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY V〇1.34N〇.10 Oct.2017 文章编号:1007-2853(2017) 10-0069-03 关于数学专业英语课程的研究与探讨 许洁 (吉林化工学院理学院,吉林吉林132022) 摘要:通过介绍数学专业英语课程开设目的,结合专业本身的特点对数学专业英语课程进行研究,分析 当前数学专业英语课程在教与学过程中存在的问题,并对相应问题的解决提出思考。希望通过对授课 方法,评价体系等方面的改革不断提高数学专业英语的实用性,培养出适应社会发展需要的专业化 人才。 关键词:数学专业英语;教学方法;评价体系 中图分类号:H319 文献标志码:A D0l:10.16039/https://www.360docs.net/doc/b84284205.html,22-1249.2017.10.017 随着计算机科学技术的迅速发展,人们进入 了高速发展的信息时代。信息时代拉近了人与人之间的距离,增进了国际间的交流合作。社会生活的信息化、经济的全球化,使英语的重要性日益突出。英语成为许多领域重要的通用语言。绝大多数学科前沿的学术论文都是用英文撰写。许多领域的学术、科技交流会议也以英语作为官方语 言的首选。培养具有国际交流能力的人才势在必行,掌握具有国际交流能力的专业人才又成为高 校培养人才的重中之重。 一、专业英语课程开设的目的 伴随着人类社会进入21世纪,我国的教育也面临着如何进一步与国际接轨的问题。教育部提出了高等学校各专业逐步使用英文教材,培养学生阅读英文版专业文献的能力[1]。为适应人才 培养的需要,高等院校根据各专业的实际情况开 设适应各专业的专业英语、科技外语阅读等课程。通过类似课程的学习使学生增加本专业的专业词汇的英文表达方式。数学,作为古老的学科为适 应新形式下教学改革的需要同样面临着如何与国际接轨的问题。探讨数学专业英语的特点,如何很好的开设这门课程成为很多从事该课程的一线教师关注的热点[2-6]。数学专业英语具有科技英 语的共性、科学内容的客观麵性、表达形式的完整性和简练性要求[7]。数学专业英语作为高等 院校的一门重要课程,是以大学英语为基础,是数学专业的基础课程之一。通过本课程的学习,使学生能够适应国际、国内数学教育的发展,了解本专业的最新发展动态,开拓学生的视野。通过教师讲解,结合学生课后查阅英文资料,培养学生 听、说、写的综合能力,掌握本专业的当前动态和 前沿发展,为进一步的学习、工作打下坚实的 基础。 二、数学专业英语的特点 数学专业英语与许多其他专业的专业英语类似,不能简单的定义为一门专业基础课程或者是 英语课程。数学的专业知识和大学英语课程的基础都是学好数学专业英语的关键。本课程是对于数学专业学生专业英语能力训练和培养的一门重要课程,是对大学高年级学生继公共英语课程之 后的一个重要补充和提高。数学专业英语与大学英语既有区别又有联系。 数学专业英语课程中,数学的专业性十分典 型。数学专业英语以叙述的方式介绍数学的方 法、推导过程及主要结论。其学科本身的特点决 定了其内容通常与特定的时间无关。数学课程或是数学文献中涉及到的结论有时是很久以前给出的,但在叙述的过程中一細现时絲表示。 收稿日期:017-04-05 基金项目:吉林化工学院2016年一般教研项目 作者简介:许洁(1980-),女,吉林省吉林市人,吉林化工学院副教授,博士,主要从事矩阵代数方面的研究。

大学专业英语综合教程unitthemonster课后练习答案

T e x t c o m p r e h e n s i o n I. C I I.1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T I V.1.H e a l m o s t h a d n o s e n s e o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y. 2. He wrote large numbers of letters begging for money. In some letters he was servile without shame, and in other letters he loftily offered his targeted benefactor the privilege of contributing to his support. If the recipient refused to accept his offer, i.e. refused to lend him m o n e y,h e w o u l d f l y i n t o a r a g e. 3. He would use influence from as many people as possible in order to meet some admirer o f h i s w h o w a s o n l y t o o g l a d t o o f f e r h i m h i s h e l p. 4. Since Wagner was driven by such tremendous forces, it is no wonder that he didn’t b e h a v e l i k e a n o r m a l h u m a n b e i n g. V o c a b u l a r y I.1.p e r s o n w i t h e x t r e m e l y e x c e s s i v e s e l f-p r i d e 2.w i t h a l l t h e i r t a l e n t s c o m b i n e d i n h i m

相关文档
最新文档