最新跨文化交际期末考试复习题.english资料

跨文化交际期末考试复习题

Define the following items:

1.culture ：what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following

them

https://www.360docs.net/doc/bc314467.html,munication ：give or exchange information or ideas.

3.intercultural communication ：communication between people whose cultural

perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.

4.high-context culture ：a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in

words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence.

5.low-context culture ：a culture in which the majority of the information is vested

in the explicit code.

6.relationship between culture and language ：Culture influences language by way

of symbols and rules for using those symbols, as well as our perceptions of the universe (the meaning associated with the symbols).Language, on the other hand, would seem to have a major impact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world.

7.verbal communication ：communication done both orally and in written language

8.analytical thinking patterns (inductive) ：analyze and dissect things into elements

in order to understand them properly.The emphasis is upon the parts rather than the whole of things.

9.synthetic thinking patterns (deductive) ：synthesize elements into a unit, with the

emphasis on the “whole”.

10.nonverbal communication ：involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication

setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver.

11.body language ：refers to all nonverbal codes which are associated with body

movements.It includes gestures, head movements, facial expressions, eye behaviors, postures and other displays that can be used to communicate.

12.monochronic time (M Time) ：It schedules one event at a time. In these cultures

time is perceived as a linear structure just like a ribbon stretching from the past into the future.

13.polychronic time (P Time) ：schedules several activities at the same time. In these

culture people emphasize the involvement of people more than schedules. They do not see appointments as ironclad commitments and often break them.

14.ethnocentrism ：the view of things in which one’s own group is the center of

everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.

15.stereotypes ：a form of generalization about some group of people, or a means of

organizing images into fixed and simple categories that are used to stand for the entire collection of people.

16.prejudice ：It refers to negative attitudes towards other people that are based on

faulty and inflexible stereotypes. It is an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude towards another group of people.

17.discrimination ：It refers to the behavioral manifestations of the prejudice, it can

be thought of as preju dice “in action”.

18.racism ：The belief that race accounts for differences in human character or

ability and that a particular race is superior to others.

19.culture shock ：Troublesome feelings such as depression, loneliness, confusion,

inadequacy, hostility, frustration, and tension, caused by the loss of familiar cues from the home culture.

20.acculturation ：It is culture change that results from continuous firsthand contact

between two distinct cultural groups.

Essay Writing

1.Describe your personal intercultural experiences in about 300-500 words.

2.From the perspective of intercultural communication, analyze the following

movies.

(1)Joy Luck Club 喜福会

(2)Guasha 刮痧

(3)Crash 撞车

I. Give a brief definitions of the following terms(名词解释)

1. Non-verbal communication

It refers to communication through a whole variety of different types f signal come into play, including the way we more, the gestures we employ, the posture we adopt, the facial expression we wear, the direction of our gaze, to the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand from each other.

2. privacy

privacy: It could be understood as the right of an individual to self-determination as to the degree to which the individual is willing to share with others information about himself that may be compromised by unauthorized exchange of such information among other individuals or organizations.

3. slang

Words and expressions which are regarded as very informal and so are not considered suitable for formal social situations or serious writing.

4. collectivist culture

Collectivist cultures place little value on individual identity and great value on group identity. They have been labeled as “we” cultures because basic unit is the

in-group or collective.

5. culture shock

culture shock：It is a psychological phenomenon that is experienced most often by those who, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, in the process of adjusting themselves to a new culture.

6. proverb

Proverbs are those popular short sayings containing words of advice or warning—are an important part of the language and culture of a society.

7. intercultural communication.

8. Individual Culture

Individuals tend to define themselves by the extent to which they are different from, rather than similar to other. People are encouraged to display self-confidence and assertiveness, disclosure of personal thoughts and feelings.

9. Culture

Culture means:

(a) The arts, customs, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation.

(b).The beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that constitute a people's way of life.

10. Proxemics

Proxemics refers to the study of spatial relations. The study of proxemics includes three aspects of space: (a) fixed features of space. (b) semifixed features of space, and

(c) personal space

11. Norms

Norms refer to rules for appropriate behavior, which provide the expectations people have of one another and of others. Norms are the outward manifestations of beliefs and values.

12. Individualism

Individualism refers to the doctrine that the interests of the individual are or ought to be paramount, and that all values, right, and duties originate in individuals. It emphasizes individual initiative, independence，individual expression, and even privacy.

13. Paralanguage

The set of nonphonemic properties of speech, such as speaking tempo, vocal pitch, and intonational contours, that can be used to communicate attitudes or other shades of meaning.

14.Low-context culture

Cultures in which little of the meaning is determined by the message is encoded in the explicit code are labeled low-context.