初中英语语法：宾语补足语

初中英语用法——宾语补足语

收集整理：王俊尧

一、宾语补足语的概念

某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。比如说：

I like to keep everything tidy.

I'm going to paint it pink.

句子中的it显然是宾语。主语将要做的并不是it，而是paint it pink。pink 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是执行了paint的动作。

二、宾语补足语与双宾语的区别

是用来补充说明宾语的，双宾语是同等地位的宾语，二者在本质上是不同的。

1，比如pass me the book中，me是间接宾语，指人，也是近宾语；the book 是直接宾语，指物，也是远宾语。又如：They gave him a watch. 这里的him 是间接宾语, a watch 是直接宾语，这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语。

常用宾语：常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有：give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read等。

2，在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。比如说：I heard Jean singing this morning. 句子中的Jean显然是宾语。但是主语I听到的并不是Jean，而是Jean singing。singing 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是Jean执行了singing的动作。句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。

三、宾语补足语的各种形式

能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。比如：

I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补）

I saw the kite up and down. （up and down是副词做宾补）

Tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）1，名词或代词宾格+名词

They named the baby Jim.

We call him Tom.

2, 名词或代词宾格+形容词

They painted the wall white.

I always find her happy and gay(愉快).

3，名词或代词宾格+介宾短语

People praised（称赞）him as a national hero.

The next morning I found him at his machine again.

4，名词或代词宾格+动词不定式

We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again.

The teacher helped him see his error(错误)。

5，名词或代词宾格+分词

I heard somebody knocking at the door.

He had his ankle sprained while playing football.他踢足球时把脚踝扭伤。

四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语：

1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。

这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词"结构，think, consider, find 后的to be常可省略。

We consider him (to be) a good teacher.

我们认为他是一个好老师。

He proved that theory (to be) very important.

他证明那个理论是很重要的。

I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.

我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。

2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。

这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。

I'd prefer you to leave him alone.

我希望你不要打扰他。

I don't want there to be any trouble.

我不想有任何麻烦。

3. 注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。

I hope you can give me a hand.

我希望你能帮我一把。

I wish you to give me a hand.

我希望你能帮我一把。

He required us to be present at the meeting.

他要求我们出席会议。

Mr. Li suggested that she should not go there alone.

李先生建议她不要独自去那里。

注意：

当感官动词和实意动词，如：See，hear, notice, watch, hear，feel , observe(感官动词)，Make，have, let(实意动词)，接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。

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