大学英语4重点小抄

Unit1 --Usage

1) But often it is not until we fall ill(生病的时候) that we

finally learn to appreciate good health.

2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks（死了躺在家里两个星期）—and nobody knew anything about it.

3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack（猝死于心脏病）when he was at work

4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep（睡着了）.

5) In those days people believed in marrying young（早结婚）

and having children early.

6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes（坐着不动超过几分钟）.

Unit1--Structure

1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile（在尼罗河【the Nile】东面的大片沼泽地【swamp】里）.

2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River（已经控制了长江【the Yangtze River】以北的大片地区）.

3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France （生于法国北部一个小村庄里）, but came to live in the

United States at the age of four.

4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs

through the United States for about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains（流经美国落基山脉【the Rocky Mountains】以西大约长1,900公里的地区）.

Unit1--Translation

攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。我们在前线与敌人交战的部队遇到了强力的抵抗。师长（DIVISION COMMANDER）命令我们营（BATTALION）绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地（MARSHLAND）。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒一下险。我们在夜幕掩盖下出发，不顾困难，奋勇向前。幸运的是，夜间温度突然下降到摄氏零下20度，烂泥地都结上了冰。由于这寒冷的天气，我们于天亮前到达并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。

The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi-sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.

Unit2--Usage

1. A new swimming pool (游泳池) on the campus is due to open up next week.

2. Sue sailed into her room with her drawing board (画板)，

whistling a merry tune.

3. Over three centuries English gradually swallowed French ,and by the end of the15th century what had developed into being was a modified, greatly enriched

Middle English (丰富了的中古英语).

4.The predictions about carbon dioxide and its role in global warming set forth by Arrhenius were virtually ignored over half a century,until scientists began to detect a

disturbing change(令人不安的变化) in atmospheric levels

of carbon dioxide.

5. A new component system (such as a new braking system) in a fully developed prototype (得到完全开发的样机)can take as long as four years to incorporate into a new model.

6. Canned foods（罐装食品）are popular because they are

already partially prepared and cooked,can be stored without refrigeration for long periods,and are generally low in cost.

7. As the percentage of older people in the population increases and the size of the working population (工作人员)declines,traditional methods for caring for the old may

need to be modified.

8.Scientists who question the global warming trend point to three puzzling differences(令人费解的不同之处) between

the predictions of the global warming models and the actual behavior of the climate.

Unit 2--Structure

1) Most people find it hard to understand how living with one's own children could be lonely.

2) The manager felt it necessary to remove the five misbehaving secretaries in order to maintain administrative discipline.

3) The Senator called it wasteful to give free Medicare to those who could afford to pay.

4) We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history.

Unit 2--Translation

汽车在二十世纪改变了世界，尤其是在美国和其他工业国家。汽车确实对我们大有用处，但也带来了一些危害，比如声音污染、空气污染以及公路死亡事故。据报导汽车事故被列为全世界导致死伤的主要原因之一。可庆幸的是，现代发明家们正在重新发明汽车。新的推进系统（PROPULSION SYSTEM）、燃料、设计以及制造汽车的手段在过去的十年中得到迅速发展。例如，通过使用卫星辅助的全球定位系统，汽车里的计算机能给汽车精确定位；随着遥感器的应用，智能汽车能排除不少汽车事故。

Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automo-bile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortu-nately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, de-signs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For ex-ample, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a

computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle's precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.

Unit3--Structure

1) Sleep is a never ending task that has to be done at least once every couple of days, if not every day（即使不用明天）.

2)As I see it, pre-school children who are taught at home by their parents do at least as well as, if not better than（就算做不到更好）, those educated at nursery schools

3) It is difficult, if not impossible（即使并非不可能）, for

most people to think otherwise than in the fashion of their own period.

4)I have reasons to believe that most applicants, if not all of them（即使不是全部）, will have done their home-work

before the interview.

Unit3--Translation

常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先作不作准备常常会影响求职者的成功机会。

我的一位朋友在一家计算机软件公司供职，年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说，那些对未来的雇员具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。那些没有在了解未来的雇主方面尽全力的人很难有成功的希望。

Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.

I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100 thousand dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success. Unit4-- Structure

1)The stroy strengthens his determination to realize his ideals(他实现自己理想的决心) .

2) I read Patrick Leigh Fermor`s classic and felt a desire to follow in his footsteps(追随他足迹的愿望).

3)They reached a decision to walk back(决定徒步返回) to

the Land Rover.

4) Nothing is more damaging to a nation than failure to properly educate its children(未能教育好孩子) .

Unit4--Translation

亨廷顿（Huntington）教授的论文使我深受启发。他认为，在一个多元化社会里，不同意见是不可避免的。关键在于怎样正确对待不同意见，使之发挥建设性、而非破坏性的作用。

他还说，在一个多元化社会里，我们必须注重人际关系，强调合作，多从他人视角考虑问题。如果某些群体自视高人一等，不尊重其他种族或宗教，那么整个社

会有可能陷入瘫痪。

我相信，要是我们把上述想法付诸实践，那我们就有可能创造出一种新的文明。

Professor Huntington's paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural / pluralistic society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role.

He argues that in a plural/pluralistic society we must stress/attach importance to interper-sonal relationships, cooperation,and looking at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disre-spect, the whole society may be paralyzed.

I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization.

Unit5--Structure

1) If you happen to pass a baker's（如你碰巧经过面包店）, pick me up a brown loaf.

2) Fortunately it happened that no one was in the house（碰巧屋子里没人）at the time of the explosion.

3) Peter happened to be speaking to me about his would-be mother-in-law./It happened that Peter was speaking to me

about his would-be mother-in-law（彼得恰好在跟我谈他未来的岳母）when she came in.

4) She happened to be out./It happened that she was out (她恰巧不在家)when he called. Unit5-- Translation

就我来说，如果要雇个职员我肯定不会单凭他的长相就作出决定。外表往往是靠不住的。比如说吧，要是你凭外表去判断诸如毛姆笔下的爱德华·海德·伯顿这样的人，你就错了。从外表和举止来看，伯顿好像是个浑然一体的人。他个子很小，满头白发，有着一双温和、蔚蓝的眼睛。他文雅坦率，和蔼可亲，许多人都说他是个世上最令人尊敬的人。然而，他对需要他帮助的朋友却很残忍。他侮辱和愚弄山穷水尽的伦尼，让他去做那样的蠢事。更让人吃惊的是，他对伦尼的死全然冷漠无情。毫无疑问，他是个铁石心肠的家伙。

For my own part.I should certainly hesitate to hire a clerk on his face/appearance alone. Appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might well commit an error in judg-ment if you went by appearances only with people like Edward Hyde Burton, the character created by Maugham. As far as appearance and manners were concerned, Burton seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes. Kind, gentle and candid, he was described by many as one of the most respectable people on earth. Nevertheless, he turned out to be cruel to a friend in need of his help. He insulted and fooled Turner who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Turner's death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.