动词过去式和过去分词

不规则动词表

不定式(Infinitive) 过去式(Past Tense) 过去分词(Past Participle) abide 居住 abode, abided abode, abided

alight 下车 alighted, alit alighted, alit

awake 唤醒 awoke awoke, awaked

be 是 was, were been

bear 忍受 bore borne, born

beat 击打 beat beaten

become 变成 became become

befall 发生 befell befallen

beget 引起 begot begotten, begot

begin 开始 began begun

behold 注意看 beheld beheld

bend 鞠躬 bent bent

bereave 剥夺 bereaved, bereft bereaved, bereft

beseech 乞求 besought, beseeched besought, beseeched

beset 围攻 beset beset

bespeak 预约 bespoke bespoken, bespoke

bespread 铺盖 bespread bespread

bestrew 散放 bestrewed bestrewed, bestrewn

bestride 跨坐 bestrode bestridden, bestrid, bestrode

bet 打赌 bet, betted bet, betted

betake 前往 betook betaken

bethink 想起 bethought bethought

bid 出价 bade, bid bidden, bid

bide 忍受 bode, bided bided

bind 绑 bound bound

bite 咬 bit bitten, bit

bleed 流血 bled bled

blend 混合 blended, blent blended, blent

bless 祝福 blessed, blest blessed, blest

blow 吹 blew blown

break 断开 broke broken

breed 产生 bred bred

bring 带来 brought brought

broadcast 广播 broadcast, broadcasted broadcast, broadcasted browbeat 严斥 browbeat browbeaten

build 建筑 built built

burn 燃烧 burnt, burned burnt, burned

burst 爆炸 burst burst

buy 买 bought bought

can 能 could -

cast 铸造 cast cast

catch 抓住 caught caught

chide 责骂 chid, chided chid, chidden, chided choose 选择 chose chosen

cleave:

分裂 cleaved, cleft, clove cleaved, cleft

打通 clave cloven

cling 粘附 clung clung

clothe 穿衣 clothed, clad clothed, clad

come 来 came come

cost 价值 cost cost

creep 爬行 crept crept

crow 报晓 crowed, crew crowed

cut 切 cut cut

dare 敢 dared, durst dared

deal 处理 dealt dealt

dig 挖洞 dug dug

dispread 扩散 dispread dispread

do 做 did done

draw 画 drew drawn

dream 做梦 dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt

drink 喝 drank drunk

drive 驾车 drove driven

dwell 细想 dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled

eat 吃 ate eaten

fall 落下 fell fallen

feed 喂 fed fed

feel 感觉 felt felt

fight 打架 fought fought

find 找寻 found found

flee 逃跑 fled fled

fling 派出 flung flung

fly:

飞 flew flown

逃逸 fled fled

击飞 flied flied

forbear 克制 forbore forborne

forbid 禁止 forbade, forbad forbidden

forecast 预报 forecast, forecasted forecast, forecasted fordo 损毁 fordid fordone

forego 居先 forewent foregone

foreknow 预知 foreknew foreknown

forerun 作先驱 foreran forerun

foresee 看穿 foresaw foreseen

foreshow 预示 foreshowed foreshown

foretell 预言 foretold foretold

forget 忘记 forgot forgotten, forgot

forgive 原谅 forgave forgiven

forsake 抛弃 forsook forsaken

forswear 发假誓 forswore forsworn

freeze 冷冻 froze frozen

gainsay 反驳 gainsaid gainsaid

get 得到 got got, gotten

gild 镀金 gilded, gilt gilded

gird 束缚 girded, girt girded, girt

give 给予 gave given

go 去 went gone

grave 铭记 graved graven, graved

grind 磨 ground ground

grow 成长 grew grown

hamstring 残废 hamstringed, hamstrung hamstringed, hamstrung hang:

挂 hung hung

吊死 hanged hanged

have 有 had had

hear 听 heard heard

heave 力擎 heaved, hove heaved, hove

hew 砍劈 hewed hewed, hewn

hide 隐藏 hid hidden, hid

hit 打 hit hit

hold 拿住 held held

hurt 伤害 hurt hurt

inlay 镶嵌 inlaid inlaid

keep 保持 kept kept

kneel 下跪 knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled

knit 编结 knitted, knit knitted, knit

know 知道 knew known

lade 舀水 laded laded, laden

lay 放置 laid laid

lead 带领 led led

lean 倾斜 leaned, leant leaned, leant

leap 跳跃 leapt, leaped leapt, leaped

learn 学习 learnt, learned learnt, learned

leave 离开 left left

lend 借出 lent lent

let 让 let let

lie:

躺下 lay lain

撒谎 lied lied

light:

点燃 lit lit

照亮 lighted lighted

lose 丢失 lost lost

make 做 made made

may 可以 might -

mean 意思 meant meant

meet 见面 met met

melt 熔化 melted melted, melten

misdeal 处理不当 misdealt misdealt

misgive 担忧 misgave misgiven

mislay 放错 mislaid mislaid

mislead 欺骗 misled misled

mistake 弄错 mistook mistaken misunderstand 误会 misunderstood misunderstood mow 割草 mowed mowed, mown

must 必须 must -

ought 应该 ought -

outbid 中标 outbade, outbid outbidden, outbid outbreed 超产 outbred outbred

outdo 胜过 outdid outdone

outeat 多吃 outate outeaten

outfight 击败 outfought outfought

outgo 支出 outwent outgone

outgrow 生长快 outgrew outgrown

outlay 花费 outlaid outlaid

outride 冲过 outrode outridden

outrun 超越 outran outrun

outsell 畅销 outsold outsold

outshine 亮过 outshone outshone

outshoot 发射 outshot outshot

outsit 久坐 outsat outsat

outspend 花钱过多 outspent outspent outspread 伸展 outspread outspread

outthrow 扔出 outthrew outthrown

outthrust 刺穿 outthrust outthrust

outwear 用旧 outwore outworn

overbear 压抑 overbore overborne

overbid 漫天要价 overbid overbidden, overbid overblow 吹过 overblew overblown

overbuild 建造过多 overbuilt overbuilt

overbuy 买得过贵 overbought overbought overcast 遮蔽 overcast overcast

overcome 克服 overcame overcome

overdo 做得过分 overdid overdone

overdraw 透支 overdrew overdrawn

overdrive 超速 overdrove overdriven

overeat 吃得太多 overate overeaten

overfeed 喂得太多 overfed overfed

overfly 飞过 overflew overflown

overgrow 过度生长 overgrew overgrown

overhang 悬垂 overhung overhung

overhear 无意听到 overheard overheard

overlade 超载 overladed overladed, overladen

overlay 覆盖 overlaid overlaid

overleap 跳过 overleapt, overleaped overleapt, overleaped overlie 躺在上面 overlay overlain

overpay 付出太多 overpaid overpaid

override 藐视 overrode overridden

overrun 泛滥 overran overrun

oversee 监督 oversaw overseen

oversell 卖完 oversold oversold

overset 推翻 overset overset

oversew 缝合 oversewed oversewed, oversewn overshoot 打过头 overshot overshot

oversleep 睡过头 overslept overslept

overspend 过度使用 overspent overspent

overspread 扩张 overspread overspread

overtake 追上 overtook overtaken

overthrow 推倒 overthrew overthrown

overwind 旋太紧 overwound overwound

overwrite 写得冗长 overwrote overwritten

partake 参与 partook partaken

pay 付出 paid paid

precast 预计 precast precast

prechoose 预选 prechose prechosen

prove 证明 proved proved, proven

put 放 put put

quit 退出 quitted, quit quitted, quit

read 读 read read

reave 掠夺 reaved, reft reaved, reft

rebuild 重建 rebuilt rebuilt

recast 重铸 recast recast

reeve 贯穿 rove, reeved rove, reeved

relay 转送 relaid relaid

rend 撕破 rent rent

repay 报答 repaid repaid

reset 重设定 reset reset

retell 重述 retold retold

rid 除去 rid, ridded rid, ridded

ride 骑 rode ridden

ring 响 rang rung

rise 升起 rose risen

rive 扯裂 riven riven, rived

run 跑 ran run

saw 锯 sawed sawn, sawed

say 说 said said

see 看见 saw seen

seek 搜索 sought sought

sell 卖 sold sold

send 送 sent sent

set 设置 set set

sew 缝补 sewed sewn, sewed

shake 摇晃 shook shaken

shall 将 should -

shave 剃须 shaved shaved, shaven

shear 修剪 sheared shorn, sheared

shed 脱落 shed shed

shine 照耀 shone, shined shone, shined shoe 穿鞋 shod, shoed shod, shoed

shoot 射击 shot shot

show 展示 showed shown, showed

shred 撕碎 shredded, shred shredded, shred shrink 萎缩 shrank, shrunk shrunk, shrunken shrive 忏悔 shrove, shrived shriven, shrived shut 关闭 shut shut

sing 唱歌 sang, sung sung

sink 下沉 sank, sunk sunk, sunken

sit 坐 sat sat

slay 残杀 slew slain

sleep 睡觉 slept slept

slide 滑动 slid slid, slidden

sling 吊起 slung slung

slink 潜逃 slunk slunk

slit 切开 slit slit

smell 闻 smelt, smelled smelt, smelled smite 打击 smote smitten, smote

sow 播种 sowed sown, sowed

speak 讲话 spoke spoken

speed 促进 sped, speeded sped, speeded spell 拼写 spelt, spelled spelt, spelled spend 花钱 spent spent

spill 溢出 spilt, spilled spilt, spilled

spin 旋转 spun spun

spit 吐 spat, spit spat, spit

split 劈开 split split

spoil 破坏 spoilt, spoiled spoilt, spoiled

spread 散布 spread spread

spring 弹跳 sprang, sprung sprung

stand 站立 stood stood

stave 凿孔 staved, stove staved, stove

steal 偷窃 stole stolen

stick 粘贴 stuck stuck

sting 刺激 stung stung

stink 发臭 stank, stunk stunk

strew 散播 strewed strewn, strewed

stride 大踏步 strode stridden, strid

strike 打动 struck struck, stricken

string 捆扎 strung strung

strive 奋斗 strove, strived striven, strived

swear 发誓 swore sworn

sweat 出汗 sweat, sweated sweat, sweated sweep 打扫 swept swept

swell 膨胀 swelled swollen, swelled

swim 游泳 swam swum

swing 摆动 swung swung

take 拿到 took taken

teach 教 taught taught

tear 撕 tore torn

tell 讲述 told told

think 思考 tought thought

thrive 蔓延 throve, thrived thriven, thrived throw 投掷 threw thrown

thrust 刺入 thrust thrust

tread 践踏 trod trodden, trod

unbend 放松 unbent unbent

unbind 解开 unbound unbound

unbuild 拆除 unbuilt unbuilt

underbid 出低价 underbid underbidden, underbid underbuy 贱价买走 underbought underbought undercut 廉价出售 undercut undercut

underdo 不尽力 underdid underdone underfeed 喂不饱 underfed underfed

undergo 遭受 underwent undergone

underlay 铺垫 underlaid underlaid

underlet 低价出租 underlet underlet

underlie 位居其次 underlay underlain

underpay 克扣 underpaid underpaid

underrun 跑不过 underran underrun

undersell 抛售 undersold undersold

underset 暗流 underset underset

undershoot 进入射程 undershot undershot understand 理解 understood understood undertake 担任 undertook undertaken

underwrite 签名 underwrote underwritten

undo 取消 undid undone

undraw 拉开 undrew undrawn

unfreeze 解冻 unfroze unfrozen

ungird 解带 ungirded, ungirt ungirded, ungirt unhang 解除悬挂 unhung unhung

unknit 拆开 unknitted, unknit unknitted, unknit unlade 卸载 unladed unladed, unladen

unlay 松开 unlaid unlaid

unlearn 忘却 unlearnt, unlearned unlearnt, unlearned unmake 恢复原状 unmade unmade

unreeve 抽出 unrove, unreeved unrove, unreeved unsay 撤销 unsaid unsaid

unset 去除设定 unset unset

unsling 取去悬索 unslung unslung

unspeak 缄默 unspoke unspoken

unstick 扯开 unstuck unstuck

unstring 去掉绑扎 unstrung unstrung

unswear 毁弃誓言 unswore unsworn

unteach 使人忘却 untaught untaught

unthink 打消念头 unthought unthought

untread 折回 untrod untrodden, untrod

unweave 拆解 unwove unwoven

unwind 打开 unwound unwound

upbuild 在上面建 upbuilt upbuilt

upcast 上抛 upcast upcast

uphold 赞成 upheld upheld

uppercut 上击 uppercut uppercut

uprise 起义 uprose uprisen

upset 颠覆 upset upset

upsweep 向上弯曲 upswept upswept

upswing 跃进 upswung upswung

wake 醒来 waked, woke waked, woken, woke waylay 埋伏 waylaid waylaid

wear 穿着 wore worn

weave 编织 wove woven

wed 结婚 wedded, wed wedded, wed

weep 哭泣 wept wept

wet 打湿 wetted, wet wetted, wet

will 意愿 would -

win 获胜 won won

wind 缠绕 winded, wound winded, wound

wit 辩智 wist wist

withdraw 撤退 withdrew withdrawn

withhold 扣留 withheld withheld

withstand 对抗 withstood withstood

work:

工作 worked worked

劳动 wrought wrought

wring 拧 wrung wrung

write 写 wrote written

新概念英语不规则动词过去式，过去分词记忆

不规则动词的一些变化规则

不规则动词的变化规则作了归纳整理，分为以下几类，便于同学们更好地记忆。

1．

三种动词形式变化（即原形，过去式，过去分词）一致的

cast---cast---cast

cost---cost---cost

cut----cut----cut

hit----hit-----hit

hurt---hurt---hurt

let----let------let

put----put----put

set----set-----set

shut---shut---shut

broadcast---broadcast---broadcast

bet----bet----bet

burst---burst---burst

shed---shed---shed

rid-----rid-----rid

spread---spread---spread

read---read---read

read这个单词的过去式和过去分词虽然形式上和动词原形是一致的，但是发音有所变化，

/ri:d/---/red/---/red/。

2.省略原形动词中两个相同的字母中的其中一个,然后在词尾叫-t

weep---wept---wept

sleep---slept---slept

sweep---swept---swept

creep---crept---crept

feel---felt---felt

kneel---knelt---knelt

smell---smelt---smelt

dwell---dwelt---dwelt

spell----spelt----spelt

spill----spilt---spilt

这一类动词也有一个特点，那就是有字母组合-ee或者—ll；同样的，也并不是说有这样的字母组合的不规则动词都是这样的变形了。

flee----fled----fled,也基本符合这个规则，我们把它归入此类，不过它的过去式和过去分词是在词

尾加-d．

例外的动词也有，比如:

swell----swelled-----swelled/swollen

3.省略原形动词中两个相同字母中的其中一个，

speed---sped---sped

feed----fed-----fed

bleed---bled---bled

meet----met-----met

shoot----shot----shot

lead-----led----led

mislead----misled----misled

plead----pled---pled

这类动词也是以字母-d或者-t结尾，中间的字母组合多数是-ee，当然这里把shoot和lead作为这一类归纳进去了。

4.把原形动词的最后一个字母-d改成-t

send---sent----sent

lend---lent----lent

bend---bent---bent

rend----rent---rent

spend----spent---spent

build---built----built

这类动词的规则当然必须是以字母-d结尾的了。多数是-end这样的结尾。这里把build也归入了这一类了。而tend 和mend属于规则变化的动词

5.动词原形中有-ow,-aw,这些字母组合的，过去式中把这些组合改成-ew，过去分词在动词原形上再加字母-n

blow---blew---blown

know---knew---known

throw---threw---thrown

draw---drew---drawn

这里特别要提醒同学们注意的是，flew—flown并不是动词flow的过去式和过去分词，而是动词fly的过去式和过去分词，而动词flow是一个规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是flowed---flowed:

fly---flew---flown

flow---flowed---flowed

另外，有-ow字母组合的动词slow 也是规则变化。另一些的有-ow,--ew字母组合的不规则动词变化是过去式加-ed，过去分词在原形动词的基础上加-n,例如：

show---showed---shown

sow---sowed---sown

mow---mowed---mown

sew----sewed----sewn

hew---hewed---hewn

6．原形动词中含有字母组合-ind的，在过去式和过去分词中都变成-ound

find----found---found

wind---wound---wound

bind---bound---bound

grind---ground---ground

当然，这一类动词中也有一些例外，比如，mind就是一个规则变化的动词。

7．动词原形中有字母组合-in或者-ing或者-ink，过去式中把字母-i变成-a，过去分词中把-i变成-u

sing----sang-----sung

ring----rang------rung

spring---sprang---sprung

sink---sank-----sunk

drink-----drank----drunk

swim---swam---swum

这里，我们把swim也归入了此类动词，而像link这个动词也是例外，是一个规则变化的动词。而think是另一种变化的不规则动词，可以参看第九点。

此外，以-ing结尾的不规则动词，还有一种变化方式是将字母-i改成-u，过去式和过去分词一致,例如：

cling----clung----clung

fling----flung----flung

sting----stung---stung

string----strung----strung

swing----swung---swung

sling-----slung----slung

另外，动词shrink既可以归入此类中的上面一种情况shrink----shrank----shrunk，也可以归入后一种情况shrink----shrunk----shrunk，而slink只属于后一种情况，

slink----slunk----slunk

8．不规则动词以-m,-n,-l,-r结尾的，过去式和过去分词在原形动词词尾加-t 或者-d

mean---meant----meant

lean—leant---leant

learn---learnt----learnt

dream---dreamt---dreamt

burn-----burnt-----burnt

deal-----dealt-----dealt

spoil----spoilt---spoilt

hear----heard----heard

这类动词大多有两种方式变化，既可以在词尾加-t，也可以加-ed,例如：

learn---learnt/learned----learnt/learned

９．过去式和过去分词都有-ought的

think----thought----thought

fight----fought-----fought

buy----bought----bought

bring----brought----brought[!--empirenews.page--]

seek----sought-----sought

另外有两个动词，原形动词以-ch结尾的，过去式和过去分词都有-aught的,我们也把它们归入了此类

teach----taught-----taught

catch----caught----caught

10.动词原形是以元音字母-i加辅音字母加不发音的-e结尾的，一般是在过去式中将字母改成-o，过去分词在原形动词基础上加-n,或者双写这个辅音字母再加-n

arise----arose-----arisen

rise-----rose------risen

ride-----rode-----ridden

write----wrote----written

smite----smote-----smitten

drive----drove-----driven

strive----strove-----striven

give-----gave----given

这里我们把give也将就归纳入内了。

另一种情况是，过去分词中去掉这个不发音的-e，然后过去分词双写这个辅音字母再加-n的，例如：

hide----hid-----hidden

bite----bit------bitten

2 |动词slide的变化又有点不一样，slide-----slid----slid。

11.动词原形中有-ea或者-ee或者--oo的字母组合的不规则动词，动词过去式是将这个字母组合改成-o，然后在词尾加-e，过去分词是在过去式的基础上再加-n,例如：

break-----broke----broken

speak----spoke---spoken

steal-----stole------stolen

weave----wove----woven

tread----trod----trodden

freeze---froze------frozen

choose---chose----chosen

wake---woke----woken

awake---awoke---awoken

这里我们把wake和它的同根词也归入其中。动词leave是一个例外．

leave----left-----left

A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.

cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut

put----put----put

let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit

shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt

read---read----read 读音 /e/

lie---lied---lied 说

谎

lay---laid---laid 放置，下蛋

lay--- lain 躺下，位于，平放

eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.

She _____ her books on the table. ____

B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同

1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是［ :t］

bright----brought----brought think----thought----though t buy----bought----bought

catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught 2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。

get----got----got sell----sold----sold

tell----told----told

3. 动词原形中i为

a, … sit----sat----sat

spit----spat----spat

4. 动词原形中i为

o, … win----won----won shine----sh one/ shined----shone / shined

5. 动词原形中an为

oo, … stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood

6. 动词原形中的ay为

ai,… say----said----said p ay----paid----paid

7. a）动词原形中的d为

t,… send----sent----sent len d----lent----lent

spend----spent----spent build----buil t----built

b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , …

smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost

c ) 动词原形后加一个字母

t, … learn----learnt----learnt mean----mea nt----meant 读音/e/

d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/

feel----felt----felt sleep----sle pt----slept sweep---swept----swept

keep---- kept----- kept

其它

meet----met----met have----had----had

hold----held----held

make----made----made dig----dug----dug

hear----heard----heard

find----found----found hang----hung

----hung

C.原型与过去分词相同

come----came----come run----ran----run

become----became----become

D. 原形，过去式，和过去分词完全不同

1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词．

begin ---- began

-----begun drink---drank----drunk ring----r ang-----rung

swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung

2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词．

blow----blew----blown grow----grew----gro wn know---knew---known

throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/

----flown ( 和以上相似)

3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类．

a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词．

drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen

write---wrote---written (双写t )

ride----rode----ridden (双写d )

b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词．

speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken

c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n 变成过去分词．

wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen

choose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten （双写t，加en ）

d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词

eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten fall----fell----fallen

give----gave----given see----saw----seen

take----took----taken

mistake---- mistook-----

mistaken hide----hid----hidde n （双写d ）

E. 没有过去分词的动词

can ----- could － may---- might

－ shall---- should－ will ---- would －

其它

am, is ---- was-----

been are-----were----- been do-----did----- done

draw-----drew----- drawn／ :／go-----went-----

gone show----showed----shown

wear--- wore ---- worn

不规则动词的过去式（初二）

不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点，也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律，总结如下：

1. 把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。过去分词不变．如：become—became, come—came

2．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：

begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam ，sink—sank，

3．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：

drive—drove，ride—rode，shine—shone，win—won，write—wrote

4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：

get—got，forget—forgot

5．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：

keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept

6. 动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：

stand—stood，understand—understood

7．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：

draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）

8．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：

break—broke，speak—spoke

9．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：

sell—sold，tell—told

10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是［ :t］的过去式。如：bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught 11．以ould结尾且读音为［ud］的情态动词过去式。如：

can—could，shall—should，will—would

12．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：

hear［hi ］—heard［h :d］， say［sei］—said［sed］，

mean［mi:n］—meant［ment］， dream—dreamt ［dremt］

13．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：

cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let，must—must，

put—put，read—read［red］，set—set

14. 动词的过去式有两种形式。如：

dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined

smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked

15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：

am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have ／has—had，hide—hid，hold—held，lay—laid，leave—left，lie—lay，lose—lost，make—made，may—

might，run—ran，see—saw， smell—smelt，take—took，wake—woke，wear—wore