基于用户体验的智能手机_APP_界面设计研究外文文献翻译
文献出处: Lane N D, Miluzzo. RESEARCH OF SMART PHONE APP INTERFACE DESIGN BASED ON USER EXPERIENCE [J]. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 2015, 8(9): 140-150.
原文
RESEARCH OF SMART PHONE APP INTERFACE DESIGN BASED ON
USER EXPERIENCE
Lane N D, Miluzzo
ABSTRACT
In today's information age, as a kind of new media, mobile devices play an important role in people's life. Smart phone lead the future development direction of mobile phone, smart phone APP become an important industry in the mobile Internet, people pay more and more attention to the user experience of a smart phone APP interface design. Because smart phone APP an intense market competition, the user experience to become the decided to smart phone APP development the important lifeblood of the height, strength and speed, is an important indicator of success for the APP product. However, smart phone APP as a newly emerging things produce time is shorter, the designer can't make the change of the agile, according to market feedback in the process of its design and development of the lack of a complete set of design process and theoretical support, to provide users with a good interface design become the key of the user experience. How will the user experience design process into the smart phone APP interface design research and development of every link will be this article to solve the problem. In this context, on the one hand, on the user experience from the level, structure, process, measurement and design point of view to explore the structure of the user experience, on the other hand, the smart phone APP interface design of the user experience to analyze, to build smart phone APP interface design user experience level model.
Keywords: User experience, Smart phone, APP, Interface design
1Introduction
The rapid development of mobile Internet has become an indispensable part of people's life; it changes in the world of the Internet also changed people's way of life.
The company to make a forecast that by 2025 the mobile Internet can create the wealth of $1.08 billion - $3.7 (Manyikaetal, 2013), which fully shows that the mobile Internet has larger market size and commercial value in the future. The rapid development of mobile Internet, greatly overturned people's living condition, attracts a large number of users to use and rely on mobile networking products, its features such as social, mobile, and makes our life more convenient, more interesting. The rapid development of mobile Internet, and so did the smart phone APP (Applications APP) design and development. With the popularization of information technology and communications equipment, smart phones become necessities of people's communication, people spend a lot of time on the smart phone APP, the APP classification and trend of installation quantity is increasing.
Due to the popularity of smart phones 3 g / 4 g network, mobile convenience has occupied a huge market demand in consumer electronics, people can be in different time and place of using smart phone APP for mobile shopping, booking tickets, mobile payment, order a meal, entertainment, group purchase, travel, learning, etc involved in all aspects of life. On the bus, subway, leisure entertainment, etc. People can enjoy mobile phones bring infinite pleasure, such as browsing news and information, send web, playing mobile phone games, watch movies, fry, chat, listen to music, reading books, etc.Data through the analysis of the development trend of Chinese mobile phone market and the Internet consumer research center data show that the smart phone will be the future of mobile phone industry leader. At the same time, the operating system developers have launched their own corresponding application software, on July 11, 2008, apple launched based on ISO APP Store operating system; The corresponding Google company launched in October 2008 Android app store; On October 11, 2010 Microsoft Windows Phone officially released the smart phone operating system.
Thus, use a smart phone APP is indispensable to public life, residents has infiltrated every aspect of life. Based on the smart phone screen, multi-touch and ease and fluency of the operating system, users can download and install their own demand of application software, the user's requirements is not only to stay on the content to
the basic functional requirements, for each mobile phone interface design in the form of a service with its content is put forward higher requirements, namely the user experience for better service level and accurate transfer the information to the target users, allows users to quickly and efficiently to complete the operation.
2 The user experience
Norman puts forward "User Experience, User Experience, or UE, UX)" concept, he thought the User Experience is "people-centered", rather than on product function as the starting point, the design concept of people-centered requirement stylist to users as a benchmark for design and development, rather than allow the User to adapt to the designer's ideas, good User Experience need to be meet the basic needs of users, and even exceed expectations and trigger emotional valence of users. Which requires the development of product of each process and steps are given in the user, which requires the designers not only can predict the user will not use this product, and want to use the practice to prove their predictions. Scholars gradually perfect the concept of Sheriff to use cognitive structure of the user experience, user experience to the user and a product, system or service at the physical level and cognitive level of interaction between feelings.
User experience is mainly composed of the product, the user and the environment of these three factors. Popular said, user experience is to users in the use of a product or enjoy a service based on the original experience of all physical, sensory and mental experience, including emotions, beliefs, preferences, cognitive impression, physiological and psychological reaction, many aspects, such as behavior and achievement ". It is a theory of development in the middle of the twentieth century, the theory is that the product is whether success lies in the user experience of product are satisfied, and the experience is very comprehensive, because there is uncertainty of user experience, you need to constantly study the behavior of users use the product produced, logic, such as reaction, make the product can meet the user's emotional wider, expectations, psychological needs, so as to improve the loyalty of users of products. The user experience is derived from the field of interaction design created by the user perception theory system, and user experience in real life has subjectivity
and individual are differences again, different users of the product experience is different, this determines the user's experience can't reproduce through scene reconstruction, but for some Shared characteristics between people, we can through the good design experiments to meet their commonness, so as to make the product meet the needs of the users. In short, the goal of the user experience is useful and easy to use, good, love with four stages.
To sum up, this study thinks that the user experience is the user, product, situation of interaction between psychological perception, including sensory perception, emotional and cognitive appraisal on the experience.
3 Mobile phone APP UI design experience
PC user experience based on the structure determination of subjectivity, richness and process dynamics, a smart phone APP interface design in circumstances on the user experience and has great difference, so the research on existing user experience from the level, structure, process, measurement and design to make a study of the structure of the user experience for smart phone APP interface study provide theoretical basis for the experience of the design level.
Based on the existing user experience level, structure and process model of the structure of the exploration, can draw a smart phone APP interface user experience in the design of structural model can be divided into sensory perception (visual aesthetic, interface fluency and humanization, etc.), emotional experience, user experience degree of satisfaction, pleasure and user value, etc.), cognitive evaluation (availability, learn ability, creative and reflection, etc.) the three dimensions, in view of the user experience level model in this paper the concrete in the fourth chapter studies. However the operation of the user behavior, the smart phone brand, using the environment and efficiency become the user experience on the influencing factors in the process of interface design. In the smart phone APP user experience in the design of interface is facing new challenges, it is necessary for these new challenges to design more perfect APP interface structure model of the user experience.
4 Smart phone APP user experience level model was constructed
4.1 smart phone APP interface design analysis of the user experience
(1) Instinct layer
Instinct layer is to point to stimulate people's sensory system, so as to give the user more direct experience. Sensory experiences in all experience the lowest level, and the instinct layer is the foundation of all experience, it to the stimulation of sensory system time is shorter, and generally do not last too long. If it cannot be converted into deeper experience, then it will disappear quickly. Auditory experience, visual experience, touch, taste and smell experience experience are sensory aspects of user experience. These experiences, auditory experience occupies the important status in the human experience, receive information from the outside world is one of the most visual experience, the experience is very real and delicate, taste and smell experience on food is relatively common.
(2) Behavior layer
Behavior layer refers to the user through the various parts of the body to use or operation of the products produced by the experience is the behavior layer user experience. By using the part of the body, the behavior level of user experience mainly can be divided into: first, the experience of operating the product with the hand, for example, the mouse, keyboard, MP3, cell phone, car steering wheel and so on are all need to use hand to operate; Second, the experience of operating the product with the feet, such as snowboarding, skateboarding, dancing machine, as well as the automobile clutch pedal, the brake pedal and the accelerator pedal of driving is to operate with their feet; Three operating experience, with the rest of the body, if use earphone on the ears, by the voice of the mouth, to voice control products, etching terms of behavior, we can from the following three directions for innovation: user experience design mode, using the new product operation, and bring new user experience to the user; Second, the operation on products is conducted by using new parts of the body, bring new user experience to the user; Three, let users to actively participate in the design of the product, to obtain a new user experience.
(3) Reflection layer
Reflection layer is refers to the user to have an emotional reaction when using the product. The importance of emotion in the design of interaction has not been
widely recognized that the interaction design involves the emotional experience may be is more important than experience sensory experience and behavior. Reflection layer typically depends on the user experience of the overall impression of a kind of interface.
4.2 Smart phone APP interface design research experience level
In view of the different types of APP interface design, user will produce different effects, namely the utility class APP pay more attention to the interface of sensory perception experience level, life service class APP pay more attention to the emotional experience of a interface level, game entertainment APP more pay attention to the cognitive evaluation of interface experience level, different types of APP will be a different user experience goals and product character requirements.
5 Smart phone APP interface design plan
5.1 list of requirements for user
User-centered Design (User - Centered Design, UCD) is a kind of Design product, system or service ideas, he will use the product User in development center. Japanese designer branded zap said, "is the original design view to create the world needs a rational and make the world balance”. In fact, in the process of product development, user-centered design can be crowned by the potential user groups actively participate in, feel safe, comfortable, efficient, more desire to buy. In the design process, to consider the user demand, the strength of the user requirements can increase the viscosity of the product, but also to invite users to join the process of design. User demands not only at the beginning of the design process, and the interface test can play important roles in the process of positive feedback, provide experience basis for the final evaluation. Because this article focuses on the smart phone APP interface interaction design in the interface of information architecture, interaction, psychological cognitive habits, behavior related factors, for the user's physiological characteristics, emotional feelings and ergonomics to study the no.
5.2 User demand research framework
User requirements of the research from the perspective of consumer behavior, not only meets the need of users also implements the practical value of products, this
article mainly to study the demand for availability requirements and user experience. Through this study the related factors influencing the user requirements and user-centered design method on the basis of the research product respectively to framework and that the relationship between user requirements framework. According to the summary of user requirements, develop life service class APP interface design features list.
5.3 Architectural design of the interface
Architecture design is for more product information, including user interface design and navigation information configuration design, the goal is to make users can take fewer cognitive price to find the information they want, show the characteristics of high efficiency and low cost of cognitive, users can be clear at a glance know the main functions of the product and the organization relationship between each function module. Because the mobile Internet applications is mobile screen, user use constraints, such as its functional architecture generally on the basis of the hierarchy. Mobile Internet application of information architecture can be divided into four basic types: shallow and wide, narrow and shallow and wide, deep and narrow and deep way of information architecture.
译文
基于用户体验的智能手机APP 界面设计研究
Lane N D, Miluzzo
摘要
现如今，移动互联网作为一种新的媒介引领着智能手机未来的发展方向，智能手机APP 成为移动互联网中的一项重要产业，人们越来越关注智能手机APP 界面设计的用户体验感。由于智能手机APP 市场竞争的激烈性，使得用户体验成为了决定智能手机APP 发展的高度、强度和速度的重要命脉，是衡量APP 产品成功与否的一项重要指标。然而，智能手机APP 作为新兴事物产生的时间较短，在其设计与研发的过程中缺乏一套完整的设计流程及理论的支持，如何为用户提供出具有良好的用户体验的界面设计成为关键。如何将用户体验的设计流程
融入到智能手机APP 界面设计研发的每一个环节将是本文所要解决的问题。在此背景下，一方面对用户体验从层次、结构、过程、测量和设计等角度进行了用户体验结构探索，另一方面对智能手机APP界面设计的用户体验进行分析，构建智能手机APP 界面设计的用户体验层面模型。
关键词：用户体验，智能手机，APP，界面设计
1 引言
移动互联网的迅速发展已成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，它在改变互联网世界的同时也改变了人们的生活方式。该公司做出预测，截止到2025 年移动互联网可以创造3.7—10.8 亿万美元的财富（Manyikaetal,2013），这充分说明移动互联网在未来具有较大的市场规模和商业价值。移动互联网的飞速发展，大大颠覆了人们的生活状态，吸引大量用户使用并依赖于互移动联网产品，其社交化、移动化等特性使得我们的生活变得更加便捷，更具趣味性。移动互联网的蓬勃发展带动了智能手机APP（Applications 简称APP）的设计和研发。随着信息技术与通讯设备的普及，智能手机成为人们沟通交流的必需品，人们把大量的时间花费在智能手机APP 上，其APP 的分类以及安装数量的趋势呈日益增长状态。
由于智能手机3G/4G 网络的普及，手机的便捷性已经在电子消费品中占据了巨大的市场需求，人们可以在不同的时间、地点使用智能手机APP 进行移动购物、订票、手机支付、订餐、娱乐、团购、旅游、学习等所涉及到生活的各个方面。在公交车上、地铁站、休闲娱乐场所等人们可以享受手机带来的无限乐趣，如浏览新闻资讯、发送微博、玩手机游戏、观看电影、炒股、聊天、听音乐、阅读电子书等。通过中国手机市场发展趋势分析数据以及互联网消费调研中心预测数据显示，智能手机将是未来手机行业的引领者。与此同时，各操作系统开发者都相应推出自己的应用软件，于2008 年7 月11 日苹果公司推出基于ISO 操作系统的APP Store；相应的谷歌公司于2008 年10 月推出Android 操作系统的应用程序商店；2010 年10 月11 日微软公司正式发布了智能手机操作系统Windows Phone。
由此可见，智能手机APP 使用是大众生活不可或缺的组成，已经渗透到了居民生活的方方面面。基于智能手机的大屏幕、多点触摸及其轻松流畅的操作系统，用户可以随时下载并安装自己所需求的应用软件，用户的要求不仅只停留在
满足于基本的功能需求，对于各手机界面设计的形式与其服务的内容提出更高的要求，即在用户体验方面要求更佳的服务层次，将信息准确无误的传递给目标用户，使得用户能够快速、有效的完成操作。
2用户体验
Norman 提出“用户体验（User Experience，简称UE、UX）”的概念，他认为用户体验是“以人为中心”，而不是以产品功能为出发点，以人为中心的设计理念要求设计师以用户为基准来进行设计和开发，而不是让用户来适应设计师的创意，优秀的用户体验需要具备满足用户的基本需求，甚至超越期望值并触发用户的情感愉悦度。这就要求开发产品的每一个过程和步骤中都要考虑到用户，这就要求设计师不仅能够预判用户会不会使用这一产品，而且要用实践证明自己的预判。学者们日趋完善这一概念，Shedroff 将认知用于用户体验结构中，提出用户体验旨在用户与某一产品、系统或服务之间在物理层面与认知层面产生的交互感受。
用户体验主要由产品、用户与环境这三个因素构成。通俗的说，用户体验就是用户在使用一种产品或者享受一种服务时结合原来自己的经历所产生的生理上、感官及心理上的全部体验感受，包括情感、信仰、喜好、认知印象、生理和心理反应、行为和成就等各个方面”。它是二十世纪中期发展的理论，该理论认为，产品是是否成功在于用户对产品的体验是否满意，而这一体验是非常全面的，由于用户的体验存在着不确定性，就需要不断研究用户使用产品时所产生的行为、逻辑等反应，使产品能够更大范围满足用户的情感、期望、心理需求，从而提高用户对产品的忠诚度。用户体验来源于交互设计领域中所创造的用户感知的理论体系，而用户体验在现实生活中具有主观性且个体又都是存在差异的，不同的用户对产品的体验是不同的，这就决定了用户的体验无法通过场景的再造来完全重现，可是对于具有一些共性的群体，我们可以通过良好的设计实验来认识他们的共性，从而使产品满足这一用户群的需求。简而言之，用户体验的目标就是不断达到有用、易用、好用、爱用四个阶段。
综上所述，本研究认为用户体验是用户、产品、情境之间相互作用产生的心理感知，包括感官感知、情感和认知评价上的体验。智能手机APP 界面的用户体验即用户在移动终端进行操作活动时，所产生的对产品（传达的信息、视觉设
计）的感官、情感和认知反馈。
3 手机APP 界面设计的体验层面
基于PC 端用户体验在结构上的判定具有主观性、丰富性以及过程上的动态性，智能手机APP 界面设计在用户体验情境上与其具有较大的差异性，因此对已有的用户体验研究从层次、结构、过程、测量、设计等角度对用户体验的结构进行探索，从而为智能手机APP 界面设计的体验层面研究提供理论依据。
通过对已有的用户体验层次、结构和过程等模型进行结构的探索，可以得出智能手机APP 界面设计中用户体验结构层面模型可以划分为感官感知（视觉审美、界面操作流畅性和人性化等）、情感体验（用户体验的满意度、愉悦度和用户价值等）、认知评价（可用性、可学习性、创造性和反思等）三个维度，针对用户体验层面模型在本文第四章中进行具体的论述研究。然而用户的操作行为习惯、智能手机的品牌、使用环境和效率等内容成为用户体验在界面设计过程中的影响因素。在智能手机APP 界面设计中用户体验面临着新的挑战，有必要针对这些新的挑战设计出更加完善的手机APP 界面的用户体验结构模型。
4 构建智能手机APP 用户体验层面模型
4.1 智能手机APP 界面设计的用户体验分析
(1)本能层
本能层是指产品刺激人的感官系统，从而给用户留下较为直接的体验。感官体验在所有体验中是层次最低的，本能层是所有体验的基础，它对人的感官系统的刺激时间较短，并且一般不会持续太长时间。如果它不能转换成更深层次的体验，那么它就会很快的消失掉。听觉体验、视觉体验、触觉体验、味觉体验和嗅觉体验等都属于感官层面的用户体验。这些体验中，听觉体验在人的体验中占有重要地位，从外界接受信息最多的是视觉体验，触觉体验则表现的非常真实和细腻，味觉体验和嗅觉体验在食物上体现的比较普遍。
(2)行为层
行为层是指用户通过身体的各个部位使用或者操作产品时所产生的体验是行为层的用户体验。用使用身体的部位来进行划分，行为层面的用户体验主要可以分为：一、用手操作产品的体验，比如，鼠标、键盘、MP3、手机、汽车方向盘等都是需要用手来进行操作；(完整译文请到百度文库)
二、用脚操作产品的体验，比如滑雪板、滑板、跳舞机、以及汽车的离合器踏板、行车制动器踏板和油门踏板等是要用脚来进行操作的；三、用身体的其它部位进行操作体验，如用耳机戴在耳朵上，通过嘴部发声，来对产品进行语音控制等。在行为层方面，我们可以从以下三个方向对用户体验设计进行创新：一、使用新的方式操作产品，给用户带来新的用户体验；二、使用新的身体部位对产品进行操作，给用户带来新的用户体验；三、让用户主动参与到产品的设计中去，从而获得新的用户体验。
(3)反思层
反思层是指用户使用产品时产生情感反应。交互设计中情感成分的重要性并未被广泛认识到，交互设计里含的情感体验可能要比感官体验和行为体验都更为重要。反思层的用户体验通常取决于用户对一种界面的总体印象。
4.2 智能手机APP 界面设计的体验层面研究
针对不同类型的APP 界面设计，用户会产生不同的体验效果，即实用工具类APP 更注重界面的感官感知体验层面，生活服务类APP 更注重界面的情感体验层面，游戏娱乐类APP 更注重界面的认知评价体验层面，不同类型的APP 会有不同的用户体验目标与产品性格需求。
5制定智能手机APP 界面设计的计划
5.1 以用户为中心制定需求列表
以用户为中心的设计(User-Centered Design，UCD)是一种设计产品、系统或者服务的思想，他将使用产品的用户置于开发中心。日本设计师原研哉说过“设计最初的视角就是创造出世界需要的理性以及使界达到平衡”。事实上，在产品研发过程中，以用户为中心的设计可以拥簇潜在的用户群体积极参与，感受到安全、舒适、高效，更加有购买的欲望。在设计过程当中，要将用户需求考虑其中，用户需求的强度可以增加产品的粘度，同时也要邀请用户一起加入到设计的过程之中。用户不仅在设计初期过程中提出需求，而且在界面进行测试过程中担任重要的角色可以积极地提出反馈意见，为最后的评估提供体验依据。因为本文主要讨论的是智能手机APP的界面交互设计中界面的信息构架，交互方式、心理认知习惯、行为方式相关的因素，对于用户的生理特征、情感情绪和人机工程学暂不作深入研究。
5.2用户需求研究框架
用户需求的研究从消费者行为学的角度上来说，不但满足了用户的需要还实现了产品的实用价值，本文主要对可用性需求和用户体验需求进行研究。本研究将通过影响用户需求的相关因素与以用户为中心的设计方法的基础上，去分别研究产品框架与用户需求框架的两者的关系。根据总结的用户需求，制定生活服务类APP 界面设计的功能列表。
5.3界面的架构设计
架构设计更多地是针对产品信息构建进行的，主要包括用户界面的导航设计和信息排布设计，其目标在于使得用户可以以较少的认知代价找到自己想要的信息，表现为高效率和低认知成本等特点，用户可以一目了然的知道产品的主要功能和各个功能模块之间的组织关系。由于移动互联网应用程序受到移动设备屏幕、用户使用方式等条件的限制，其功能架构一般在层级结构的基础上进行。移动互联网应用信息架构可以分为四种基本类型：浅而广、窄而浅、广而深和窄而深的信息架构方式。