各种名词性从句用法详解(教师用)

各种名词性从句用法详解(教师用)
各种名词性从句用法详解(教师用)

名词性从句用法详解

一、概说

名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。

二、名词性从句的一般引导词

1.连接词that 只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如:

I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。

That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。

2.连接词whether 也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成if。如:

He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句,不能用if 代替whether)

3.连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 等,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如:

That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。

When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。

Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。

4.连接副词when, where, why, how 等,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如:

The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。

When she’ll be back depends much on t he weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。

Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。

三、名词性从句的重要引导词

1.what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词,它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“…所…的”,相当于:先行词+关系代词。如:

I don’t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。

I don’t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。

2.what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词,其后修饰名词。如:

I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。

He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。

注:what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词,并且后接不可数名词时,有时可有little修饰,两者的区别是:what+不可数名词=所有的都,wh at little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如:

What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外。

We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。

3.whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句,其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如:

Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。

I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。

Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。

注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:

任何人来都欢迎。

误:Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.

正:Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome.

另外,它们也可引导让步状语从句,其意为“无论…”、“不管…”,其意相当于no matt er who [what, which]。如:

Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况,你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)

He won't eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁,他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no m atter who)

注:whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语;作宾语时不宜用whomever,因为在现代英语中whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。

4.why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调的原因。如:

I had a cold. That’s why I didn't come. 我感冒了,因此我没来。

I didn’t come. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来,那是因为我感冒了。

五、名词性从句的语序

名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同,尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, whic h, what 和连接副词when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句,不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如:

Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭?

I don’t know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。

六、名词性从句的时态问题

1.当主句的谓语动词是过去式时,宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理,其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如:

She said that she didn't want to know. 她说她不想知道。

I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意。

2.when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句,也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时,要直接使用将来时态;但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时,则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:

I don’t know when he will come, but when he comes, I’ll call you. 我不知道他什么时候,但当他来的时候,我会打电话给你。

句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句,故用将来时态表示将来意义;第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句,故用一般现在时表示将来意义。

主语从句用法详解(例句丰富)

一、主语从句的引导词

主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。

1. that引导

That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着,真是奇迹。

That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了,这是确定无疑的。

That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。

That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。

That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。

That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。

That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上,在她村

子里引起很大轰动。

2. whether引导

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

3. 连接代词引导

Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。

Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。

Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。

4. 连接副词引导

When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。

How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。

How this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。

How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。

Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。

5. 关系代词型what引导

What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。

What’s done is done. 事已成定局。

What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。

What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。

What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。

What you need is a good-sized canvas bag. 你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。

What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. 我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。

What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。

二、主语从句与形式主语it

有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况:

(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:

It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。

It is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。

It’s vital that we be p resent. 我们出席是至关重要的。

It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意图是让你当候选人。

It is important that this mission not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。

It is essential that a meeting be convened this week. 本周开一次会非常重要。

It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 废除这个税是恰当的。

It’s unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。

It’s amazing that she should have said nothing about it. 她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。

It’s unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他们竟然拒绝我的请求,这是不可思议的。

That they should refuse to sign the petition required great courage. 他们拒绝在请愿

书上签字这是需要很大勇气的。

(2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是利是害,还得看看再说。

(3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如:

What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。

有时也可将助用形式主语。如:

It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。

(4)如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:

Is it true that he is the girl’s father? 他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?

How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了?(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,)

三、连词that的省略问题

引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略:

That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)

It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)

宾语从句用法详解(例句丰富)

一、宾语从句的引导词

宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:

1. that引导

We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。

The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。

I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。

I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。

We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。

The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。

2. whether / if引导

I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。

I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。

I’ll see wh ether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。

I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。

He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。

I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。

She didn’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。

3. 连接代词引导

I don’t know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指谁。

Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。

I’Il do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。

You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。

We’ll do whatever we can to save him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。

Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。

Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。

You don’t know what you are talking about. 你在说什么,你自己也不知道。

Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。

4. 连接副词引导

He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。

You don’t know when you are lucky.你身在福中不知福。

I asked how he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。

He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。

Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那条沟有多宽吗?

I’d like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。

We didn’t know why he had answered in that fashion. 我们不明白他为什么这样回答。

3. 关系代词what引导

She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。

I want to tell you what I hear. 我想把听到的情况告诉你。

He could not express what he felt. 他无法表达内心的感受。

They did what they could to console her. 他们尽量安慰她。

They thought they could do what they liked with him. 他们以为他们可以对他为所欲为。

【注意】有时介词后可接一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句):From what you say, he is right. 根据你所说的,他是对的。

有极个别介词(如but, except)可接that引导的宾语从句:

She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不

记得,只记得他的头发是黑的。

比较下面两句用what引导的宾语从句,它们的意思不一样:

He began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。

二、宾语从句与形式宾语it

当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末:

I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。

He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。

She found it difficult to answer the question. 她发现回答这个问题很困难。

He feels it his duty to hetp others. 他认为帮助别人是他的责任。

He thought it best to be on his guard. 他认为他最好还是要警惕。

He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session. 他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发一次言。

I find it interesting talking go you. 我觉得同你谈话很有意思。

I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination. 我认为考试作弊是不对的。

三、连词that的省略问题

引导宾语从句的连词that 通常可以省略:

She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。

I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去。

I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。

He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。

He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。

I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。

I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。

Everybody knows (that) money doesn’t grow on trees. 众所周知,金钱是不会从树上长出来的。

I suggested (that) they should / shouldn’t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着/ 不要沿着海岸开车。

【注】有时为了强调,that引导的宾语从句可位于句首,此时that不可省略:

That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。

四、宾语从句与否定转移

当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主语:

I don’t suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。

I don’t imagine that he will come. 我想他不会来的。(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,)

I don’t think we need waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间

We didn’t think we’d be this late. 我们没想到我们会到得这么晚。

I don’t suppose I’ll trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻烦你了。

表语从句用法详解(例句丰富)

一、表语从句的引导词

引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether,连接代词和连接副词,关系代词型what,以及as if, as though, because等连词。

1. 由that引导

Th e fact is that he doesn’t really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。

The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。

My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。

His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。

My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。

2. 由whether引导

The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。

【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

3. 由连接代词引导

You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。

The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。

What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。

4. 由连接副词引导

The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。

That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。

That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。

That’s why he didn’t come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。

That’s why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。

That’s where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。

5. 由关系代词型what引导

That’s what I want to stress. 这是我想强调的。

That’s what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。

Fame and personal gain is what they’re after. 他们追求的是名利。

He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。

6. 由as if / as though引导

It isn’t as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。

Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。

It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。

7. 由because引导

It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。

That’s because you can’t appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。

If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s because I was upall night. 如果我有点困,是因为一夜没睡。

It's because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 这是因为我在上课中替约翰传纸条给海伦。

【注意】because 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表语从句。

二、连词that的省略问题

引导表语从句的that通常不省略,但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略:

My idea is (that) we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。

The trouble is (that) he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了。(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,)

同位语从句用法详解(例句丰富)

一、同位语从句的引导词

引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。

1. 由that引导

We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。

He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。

【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:

They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。

They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。

The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。

I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。

【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如:He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.

他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2. 由whether引导

There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。

Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要

看结果。

We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

3. 由连接代词引导

Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?

From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I wen t back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was. 从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。

4. 由连接副词引导

I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。

He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。

You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!

二、关于分离同位语从句

有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如:

The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。

The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一

辆汽车。

The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。

Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人

已逃离这座城市。

The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来,所有居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)

二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1.意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news 的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(th at从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的n ews,故that从句为定语从句)

2.引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。

3.引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4.被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opi nion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外,when和where

引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:

I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,)

We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句 )

The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。(定语从句)

学习名词性从句应注意的两个问题

一、词序问题

名词性从句总是用陈述句词序,则不能使用疑问句词序,尤其是当名词性从句由“疑问词”引导时,不能受疑问句的影响而误用疑问句词序:

误:I didn’t know where did he live.

正:I didn’t know where he lived. 我不知道他住哪儿。

误:Who will he marry remains unknown.

正:Who he will marry remains unknown. 他同谁结婚还不知道。

二、时态问题

由于由when引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句要用现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态,所以许多同学容易受此影响在when和if引导名词性从句时也用现在时表示将来意义。请看几题:

(1)I don’t know if he ________ or not tomorrow.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,e

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,es

C.will come

D.is coming

此题答案选C,句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(if≠如果),而是宾语从句(if=是否),句意为“我不知道明天他是否会来。”(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,)

(2)I don’t know if she ________, bu t if she ________ I will let you know.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,es, comes

B.will come, will come

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,es, will come

D.will come, comes

答案选D,第一个if 引导的是宾语从句,第二个if 引导的是条件状语从句。

(3)“When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly wel comed.”

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,es, comes

B.will come, will come

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,es, will come

D.will come, comes

答案选D,第一个when 引导的是主语从句,第二个when引导的是时间状语从句。

另外,当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句通常要用过去的某种时态与之呼应(表客观真理时除外):

The teacher told us that he knew everything. 老师告诉我们他知道一切。

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。

whatever, whoever, whichever引导名词性从句

1. whatever引导的名词性从句

Whatever的意思是“所…的一切事或东西”,可视为what的强调说法,其含义大致相当于anything that,whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语:

Whatever he did was right. 无论他做什么都是对的。

Give them whatever they desire. 他们想要什么就给他们什么。

I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。

Goats eat whatever (food) they can find. 山羊找到什么(食物)就吃什么(食物)。

I’m going to learn whatever my tutor wishe s. 我将学习任何我的导师愿意我学的东西。

He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么,他就做什么。

Talk to me about whatever is troubling you. 给我谈谈任何使你烦恼的事。

One should stick to whatever one has begun. 开始了的事就要坚持下去。

She would tell him whatever news she got. 她得到的任何消息都会告诉他。

You can have whatever allowance you like. 你想要多少津贴就给你多少津贴。

2. whoever引导的名词性从句

whoever的意思“任何…的人”,在意义上大致相当于anybody who。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语:

I’ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。

She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。

Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。

Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁来都欢迎。

Whoever you invite will be welcome. 任何你邀请的人都欢迎。

Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反本法者应予以罚款。

I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 请想要这票,我就把它给谁。

【注意】

(1)whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever,因为在现代英语中wh omever已几乎不用)。

(2)注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:

误:Who wins can get a prize. / Anyone wins can get a prize. (from www.yygramma https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,)

正:Whoever wins can get a prize. / Anyone who wins can a prize. 谁赢了都可以获奖。

3. whichever引导的名词性从句

Whichever的意思“…的那个人或事物”,在意义上大致相当于the person or the thing t hat。whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语:

Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。

Take whichever you like. 哪个你喜欢你就拿哪个。

Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。

I’ll take whichever books you don’t want. 你不要的任何书我都要。(from www.yygra https://www.360docs.net/doc/c51264288.html,)

Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。

Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家,哪个就先开始做饭。

【注意】

whatever, whoever, whichever除用于引导的名词性从句外,还可用于引导状语从句,相当于no matter what (who, which)。如:

Whatever happened I must be calm. 不管发生什么情况我都要镇静。

Don’t lose heart whatever difficulties you meet. 一不管遇到什么困难都不要灰心。

I’ll post that letter whatever Wilson says. 不管威尔逊说什么,这封信我都要发出去。

He won’t eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁,他也不会吃了你。

Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁,都不能从这里过去。

Whoever rings, tell him I’m out. 不管谁来电话,都告诉他我不在家。

Whichever side wins, I shall be satisfied. 不管哪边赢,我都会感到满意。

It has the same result whichever way you do it. 不管你怎么做结果都一样。

Whichever you choose, they will be offended. 不管你选哪个,他们都会不高兴。

2020届高三精准培优专练六 名词性从句(教师版)

2020届高三好教育精准培优专练 培优点六名词性从句 一、真题在线 1. 【2019·江苏·单项选择】Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. A. what B. that C. which D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,意思完整,且与“evidence”指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。 2. 【2018·天津·单项选择】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race. A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。 3.【2018·北京·单项选择】This is _________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难,抱最大的希望。“________ my father has taught me”是表语从句,该空在从句中作“teach”的宾语,且表示“父亲教我的道理”,故该从句应用what 引导。D项正确。引导名词性从句时,how表方式,意为“如何”;which意为“哪一个”;that只起引导从句的作用,不做成分。 4. 【2018·北京·单项选择】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 【答案】C

名词性从句用法详解

名词性从句用法详解 一、概说名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。 二、名词性从句的一般引导词 1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如: I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。(宾语从句可省) That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。(That引导主语从句不能省) 2. 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成 if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。 He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句,不能用 if 代替 whether) 3.连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如: That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。 When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。 4.连接副词 when, where, why, how 等,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如: The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。 When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。 Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。 三、名词性从句的重要引导词 1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词,它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“…所…的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。 如: I don’t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。 I don’t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。 2. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句,其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如: Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。 I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子: 任何人来都欢迎。 误:Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome. 正:Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome. 另外,它们也可引导让步状语从句,其意为“无论…”、“不管…”,其意相当于no matter who [what, which]。如: Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况,你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)

名词性从句(教师版)

名词性从句 一、定义 名词性从句,其用法相当于一个名词的用法,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语,分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 二、引导名词性从句的连接词 1. 连接代词:既起连接作用,本身又做从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语:who、whoever、whom、whomever、whose、whosever、which、whichever、what、whatever。 2. 连接副词:既起连接作用,本身又做从句的状语:when、where、why、how。 3. 从属连词:只起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何成分:that、whether、if、as if/though等。【温馨提示】根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether,if和as if都用不上时,才用that做连接词。 【练习一】在空格处填入适当的连接词,然后指出每句分别属于哪种名词性从句。 1. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 同位语从句 2. I am very interested in how he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 宾语从句 3. What we need is more time. 主语从句 4. Please tell me who/whom you are waiting for. 宾语从句 5. No one knew whose dictionary that was. 宾语从句 6. Do you know which is longer, the Changjiang River or the Mississippi? 宾语从句 7. Whether he will come or not is not yet known. 主语从句 8. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 主语从句 9. My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 表语从句 10. The reason why he didn’t come this morning was that it was raining heavily. 表语从句 三、名词性从句中需要注意的几大问题 ●当主语时态为一般过去式时,宾语从句的时态通常要与主句保持一致,但如果从句表示的是真理或客观现象,则仍用一般现在时。 1. 我告诉他我马上回来。 I told him (that) I would come back soon. 2. 他说他已经读完这部小说。 He said (that) he had finished reading this novel. 3. 老师说光比声传播快。 The teacher said (that) light travels faster than sound. ●that引导宾语从句时,很多情况下都可省略,不可省去的情况有: ﹡动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,紧跟动词后的宾语从句可以省去that,其余的宾语从句前的that不能省去。 4. 他说展览会很好,他想再去参观一次。 He said (that) the exhibition was excellent and that he wanted to visit it once more. ﹡谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语时,宾语从句前的that不能省去。 5. 就在那时,我第一次注意到我们的老板穿着他那件漂亮的绿外套。 Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our boss was wearing his beautiful green coat. ﹡宾语从句紧跟在间接宾语后时,that不能省去 6. 老师建议我们要重视读和写。 The teacher advised us that we should pay attention to reading and writing. ﹡it作形式宾语时,宾补之后引导宾语从句的that不能省去。

高中英语名词性从句 which的用法

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