除雪机毕业设计说明书

封面

机械电气工程学院本科毕业设计

(设计)

题目：除雪机系统设计

院（系）：机械电气工程学院

专业：机械设计制造及其自动化

学号：

姓名：

指导教师：

完成日期：2011年5月22日

1摘要-----------------------------------------------------5

2除雪机研制的现实意义-----------------------------------7

3 研究现状与动态-----------------------------------------7

3.1国除雪机现状----------------------------------------7

3.2国除雪机发展方向------------------------------------9

3.3国外道路除雪机技术发展状况---------------------------10

3.4国除雪机械的缺陷-----------------------------------15

3.5除雪机市场分析---------------------------------------16

4.总体方案分析与设计------------------------------------17

4.1方案一-----------------------------------------------17

4.2方案二-----------------------------------------------18

5.对课题提出的任务要求及实现预期目标的可行性分析----19

5.1 课题研究容-----------------------------------------19

5.2可行性分析-------------------------------------------19

6.除雪机设计---------------------------------------------20

6.1除雪机与动力连接结构---------------------------------20

6.2犁形前雪铲曲面及铲体设计-----------------------------20

6.3 除雪装置升降机构------------------------------------23

6.4 推雪与扫雪机构-----------------------------------------23

6.5 铲刃------------------------------------------------25

6.6 仿形支重机构----------------------------------------26

6.7 液压控制系统----------------------------------------26

6.8 液压计算以及器件选择--------------------------------27

7.配套动力选择------------------------------------------27

7.1 动力选择---------------------------------------------27

7.2 动力校核---------------------------------------------27

7.3 除雪铲的力学模型及计算-------------------------------28

7.3.1除雪铲转移的行驶阻力------------------------------29

7.3.2 除雪阻力、附着力除雪功率的计算--------------------29

7.3.3除雪铲功率计算------------------------------------30

7.3.4计算步骤------------------------------------------30

8. 主要特点及技术性能参数------------------------------31

8.1 主要特点---------------------------------------------31

8.2 主要技术性能参数-------------------------------------31

8.3结束语------------------------------------------------32

参考文献--------------------------------------------------33

结论------------------------------------------------------35

设计心得-------------------------------------------------36

附件------------------------------------------------------37

扣扣1269408632（含全套图纸）

1.摘要

我国北方冬季降雪量大, 给各城市、园林、宾馆、别墅、庭院的道路, 机场跑道与场区路面, 林区运材道路, 以及高速公路等的交通运愉工作造成了极大困难和不便, 交通事故屡屡发生。为了及时清除路面上的自然降雪, 给交通运愉创造良好的安全条件, 减少交通事故的发生, 在我国，传统的除雪理念是雪停后才开始除雪，由于路面积雪大多不能及时清理而被车辆碾压成实雪或冰，因此除雪对象实际上是压实雪。在这种理念影响下，过去除雪机械的设计也主要是针对清除压实雪而开展的，并研制出各种清除压实雪的机械设备。压实雪除雪机械设计

技术难度较大，设备制造成本较高，除净率低，工作效率低，绝大多数压实雪除雪机需要大功率车辆作为配套动力，燃油消耗大，整套设备资金投入大，动辄数十万元，难以大量推广应用。

总结多年的除雪经验和体会及对各种除雪方式的比较，笔者认为机械化“实时除雪”才是科学合理的除雪方式。从工程学的角度看，积雪被压实的过程需要消耗大量能量，雪被压实后再把它从地面上清除掉就要加倍消耗更大的能量和更多的时间，从而造成很大的浪费。相比较而言，“实时除雪”所消耗的能量只有前者的几十分之一，是效率最高最省时省力的除雪方法。目前欧、美等工业发达国家基本上都采用机械化“实时除雪”技术。机械化“实时除雪”技术实际上就是使用散雪除雪机械在降雪过程中进行除雪，边下雪，边清除，多台除雪车保持一定距离成梯形队伍排列循环清理路面，过往车辆可在除雪车之间穿梭绕行而不影响交通，避免了积雪在路面停留时间过长而被碾压成实雪或冰。开发适合我国国情的除雪机械, 探索与高速公路管理相适应的作业方式, 将有着深远的意义。

关键词：除雪机积雪除雪液压控制提升装置

Abstract

Winter snowfall in north China，give each city, garden, hotel, villas、garden road, airport runway pavement with YunCaiDao road, forest area, and a highway of transport and logistics work such as yourself caused a great difficulties and inconvenience, the traffic accident happen repeatedly. T o timely removal of natural snowfall road to transport and logistics, and create

a good safety conditions yourself, reduce traffic accidents, in China, the traditional philosophy is focusing on snow removal begins after it had stopped snowing, focusing on snow removal，Because most cannot seasonable

clear road snow was vehicles into real snow or ice roller, thus focusing on snow removal object is actually compacted snow. In this concept, under the influence of mechanical design also focusing on snow removal past is mainly directed against the clear for the compaction snow, and developed various remove compaction snow mechanical equipment. Compacted snow focusing on snow removal mechanical design technology difficulty bigger, equipment manufacturing cost is higher, cleanse rate is low, the working efficiency is low, the majority of compacted snow focusing on snow removal machine needs high-power vehicles as supporting power, fuel consumption, the whole equipment investment is big, frequently hundreds of thousands of yuan, difficult to large application.。

Summarize the experience and experience for many years and focusing on snow removal of comparison of focusing on snow removal way, the author thinks that mechanization "real-time focusing on snow removal" is focusing on snow removal of scientific and reasonable way. From engineering point of view, the snow is compaction process need to use a lot of energy, please compaction, and put it on the ground to remove from the energy consumed greater double and more time, resulting in a waste In comparison, "focusing on snow removal" real-time energy use only a small percentage of the former, it is the highest efficiency of save Labour focusing on snow removal methods. At present to Europe, the United States and other developed countries are using basically focusing on snow removal "technology" real-time mechanized。Mechanization "real-time focusing on snow removal" technology is actually used in snow scattered snow focusing on snow removal mechanical process, focusing on snow removal, the side snow removal, multiple edge focusing on snow removal car keeping a distance into trapezoidal team arrangement cycle passing vehicles can clear road, shuttling between the orbiting in focusing on snow removal car without affecting traffic, to avoid the snow in pavement retention time is too long and be rolling into real snow or ice. Suitable for the development of China's national conditions, focusing on snow removal machinery and explore the expressway management ADAPTS cooperationg way, will have a profound significance.

2.选题的目的及意义

我国北方大部分地区，每年有3～5个月的降雪期，道路积雪给交通运输及人民日常生活带来许多不便。尤其冻结在道路上的积雪与薄冰，