断裂伸长率的概念及测试要素 - 副本

断裂伸长率的概念及测试要素 - 副本
断裂伸长率的概念及测试要素 - 副本

断裂伸长率的概念及测试要素

国家塑料行业协会

如PP的材料性能:

其中断裂伸长率250%,(断裂伸长率是指试样拉断时试样最大的伸长率)。冲击强度可以看做单位截面破坏时消耗的能量。撇开面积因素,能量=力×距离。力是强度因素,就是应力;距离就是形变因素,比如断裂伸长率什么的。这样,一个冲击强度高的材料,它可能是强度因素显著(拉伸强度大),而断裂伸长率中等或小。所以说,一个冲击高的材料,断裂伸长率可能不大。

断裂伸长率是大是小,取决于基体树脂分子链的柔性。象PE、PP的分子链都是

柔性分子,断裂伸长率都是400以上,改性mpp为了增加拉力强度和环刚度,加入硬化剂及聚合物分子会受到填料对其构象变化的限制,从而导致伸长率降低至120个到250之间。

断裂伸长率,用分子量,和聚合度这些表示相关性更加好,应该还跟聚集态结构,共混体系的相结构有关。

断裂伸长率与分子量、聚集态、相结构多少也是有关系的,但是从根本上讲,还是与大分子柔性有关。下面以PP为例说明。

①与分子量有关,但是大分子柔性已经考虑了分子量因素,分子量大的分子柔性大。就像一块小的钢板,你很难使其变形,但是大的钢板自己都忽悠忽悠的,这是尺度变大其刚度下降的类比例子。

②聚集态也包含在分子柔性里。结晶PP与非晶PP(熔体急冷可得),尽管结晶PP的分子链柔性下降,但是由于其在拉伸时构象变化可逆,仍然可以看成分子柔性相同,这时结晶不结晶不会影响其断裂伸长率的。取向态的PP,如改性聚丙烯mPP,断裂伸长率值相对来说就较小,这时它的分子刚性也就较大,它绷直了以后缺乏了柔性。。这些事例充分说明,无论是基体树脂的聚集态,还是塑料的多相结构,其断裂伸长率的根本影响因素都可以归结为分子链的柔性。

③为什么分子链的柔性会决定断裂伸长率呢?因为拉伸变形的过程本质上就是一个“消耗”高分子链柔性(构象变化能力)的过程。

相关测试要素和测试的数值产生偏差;1,拉伸速度。塑料属于粘弹性材料,它的应力松弛过程与变形速率密切相关,应力松弛需要一个时间过程。当低速拉伸时,分子链来得及位移重排,呈现韧性行为,则出现为;拉力强度减少,而断裂伸长率增大。高速拉伸时,高分子链段的运动跟不上歪理作用的速度,呈现脆性行为,则出现为;拉伸强度增加,断裂伸长率减少。

所以不同品种的塑料拉伸速度的敏感程度不同。硬而脆的塑料对拉伸比较敏感,一般采用较低拉伸速度,韧性对拉伸速度敏感性较小,可以采用较快的拉伸速度。

2.产品微小的瑕疵。实际上即使是相同材料,不同样条之间的断裂伸长率也是有波动的,因样条内部有缺陷,应力集中物和内部微裂纹导致材料内部变形集中。

改性聚丙烯Mpp电缆保护管产品特点详细介绍:

1、MPP电力管具有优良的电气绝缘性。

2、MPP电力管具有较高的热变形温度和低温冲击性能。

3、MPP电力管拉伸强度高不易拉变形、抗压性能高,环刚度强。

4、MPP电力管质轻、光滑、磨擦主力小、可热熔焊对接。

5、MPP电力管长期使用温度一5~90℃。

综合以上的各种物理性得出改性mpp电缆保护管具有;冲击性能,伸强度高不易拉变形、抗压性能高,环刚度强,的特点,由此降低了断裂伸长率。

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