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职称英语综合类阅读判断逐句翻译第五篇Plants and Mankind
职称英语综合类阅读判断逐句翻译第五篇Plants and Mankind

Plants and Mankind 植物与人类

Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. 植物学,即对植物研究的科学,在人类文明发展的历史长河中占据着特殊地位。We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, 我们不知道旧石器时代的祖先们对植物究竟了解多少,but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, 但根据我们对现存的工业社会的研究,a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. 可以肯定对植物及其特点的详细了解一定非常久远。这种分析是合乎逻辑的。Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. 植物不仅是其他一切生物所需食物的根基,甚至也是其他类型植物的食物来源。They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, 它们对于人类的幸福始终是相当重要的,not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. 它们不仅仅为人们提供食物,还提供衣服、武器、工具、染料、药品、住所和许多其他东西。Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. 生活在亚马逊河的丛中的原始部落,能识别成百上千种不词植物,知道每种植物的属性。To them

botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge”at all. 他们没有植物学这个概念,甚至可能没有意识到它是知识界的一个分支。

Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. 不幸的是,我们的工业化程度越髙,人类与植物间的直接联系就越少,And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. 而且对植物学知识的了解也就变得越来越模糊。Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, 然而每个人都会在无意识中获得大量的植物知识,and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. 很少会有人分辨不出玫瑰、苹果或兰花。When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, 约1万年前,当居住在中东的新石器时代的老袓先们,discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, 发现某些草可以用来种植,而且到了来年再把种子种在地里可以得到更好的收成时, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. 人们与植物之间的联系迈出了崭新伟大的一步。Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. 谷物的发现创造了人类农业发展史上的奇迹,即耕种庄稼。From then on, humans

would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, 从那时起,人类就越来越多地从可控制的几种植物的生产中获取生计,rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild 而不是从野生的众多种类中东采一点,西摘一点and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away. 在数万年的经验中积累起来的知识以及与大自然中各种植物的紧密联系也就开始消失。

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Youth Emancipation in Spain西班牙年轻人的解放 The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.西班牙政府正担心他们国家的大龄青年一直跟他们父母住一起,政府已经决定帮助他们离开家。 Around 55 percent of people aged 18~34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' home, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.大约55%的18?34岁的人在西班牙还睡在自己的父母家,根据国家青年协会的最新报告。 To coax(劝诱)young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation(解放)” programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.为了哄年轻人离开他们的家,这个月研究所开始了“青年解放”。此项活动为年轻人寻找客房和工作提供指导。 Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2,000.经济学家指责年轻人的家庭受困于不稳定的劳动力市场和住房价格上升。2000年以来,房屋价格已经上涨了17%。 Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家).Family ties in south Europe — Italy, Portugal and Greece — are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding",文化因素也有利于解释问题,社会学家说,在南欧洲的意大利、葡萄牙和希腊的家庭关系强于在欧洲中部和北部,西班牙社会学家阿尔穆德纳,莫雷诺Minguez在她的报告中写道,“晚解放的西班牙青年---关键在于理解“ “In general 2, young people in Spain firmly believe in 3 the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.“一般情况下,在西班牙,年轻人认同在家庭为主体的组织萦绕着他们的私人生活”Minguez说。 In Spain — especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子)all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.在西班牙,特别是在农村,这是不难发现,整个群体的阿姨,叔叔,表兄弟姐妹,侄女和侄子都生活在同一条街上。他们经常聚在一起周日晚餐。 Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of 4 set-ting bedtime rules.家长的耐受性是另一个因素。西班牙接受父母深夜开派对和警惕的设置睡前规则。 “A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist,” said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.“孩子可以在任何时间回家。如果家长抱怨,他们就会抗争并认为父母是个法西斯,在马德里卡洛斯三世大学的社会学家何塞·安东尼奥·亚涅斯·戈麦斯说。 Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores(家务)worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s 6. The eldest 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.母亲们的情愿做孩子的家务使得问题恶化。今年60岁,生活在马德里,有三个孩子在20多岁的Dionisio Masso, 最年长的儿子28岁,有一个女朋友和一个工作。但是她儿子说与妈妈一起生活是不错。

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