2006年厦门大学考博英语试题及答案详解

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厦门大学2006年博士研究生入学考试试题A 参考答案及解析

招生专业：全校各专业 考试科目：英语（一外） 101

English Test

Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension (40%)

Part A (30%)

Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Questions 1-5 are based on the following passages

In the course of my reading I had come across a case where, many years ago, some hunters

on our Great Plains organized a buffalo hunt for the entertainment of an English earl and to provide some fresh meat for his use. They had charming sport. They killed seventy-two of those great animals; and ate part of one of them and left the seventy-one to rot. In order to determine the difference between an anaconda and an earl, I had seven lambs turned into the anaconda’s cage. The grateful snake immediately crushed one of them and swallowed it, then lay back satisfied. It showed no further interest in the lambs, and no inclination to harm them. I tried this experiment with other anacondas; always with the same result. The fact stood proven that the difference between an earl and an anaconda is that the earl is cruel and the anaconda isn’t; and the earl wantonly destroyed what he has no use for, but the anaconda doesn’t. This seemed to suggest that the anaconda was not descended from the earl. It also seemed to suggest that the earl was descended form the anaconda, and had lost a good deal in the transition.

I was aware that many men who have accumulated more money than they can ever use have

shown a hunger for more, and have not hesitated to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor servings in order to partially satisfy that appetite. I furnished a hundred different kinds of wild and domestic animals the opportunity to accumulate vast stores of food but none of them would do it. The squirrels and bees and certain birds made accumulations, but stopped when they gathered a winter’s supply, and could not be persuaded to add to it either honestly or be trickery. These experiments convinced me that there is this difference between man and the higher animals; he is greedy, they are not.

In the course of my experiments I convinced myself that among the animals man is the only

one that harbors insults and injuries, broods over them, waits till a chance offers, then takes revenge. The passion of revenge is unknown to the higher animals.

1. By describing the buffalo hunting and his experiment with the anaconda, the author mainly wants to tell his readers that _______.

A. the anaconda is easily satisfied

B. the earl is capable of committing wanton cruelty

C. the earl’s ancestor turned out to be the anaconda

D. the anaconda does not harm other animals except when it is hungry

2. According to the author, in human society, the rich _______.

A. tend to accumulate vast stores of food

B. are inclined to gather more riches

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C. are ready to help the poor

D. are mostly cheaters

3. The author’s experiments with different kinds of animals seem to prove that _______.

A. man is the highest animal

B. man is superior to animals

C. man is the lowest animal

D. man is inferior to animals in certain respect

4. We learn from the last paragraph that ________.

A. love of revenge is a unique characteristic of man

B. man is the only animal capable of thinking

C. human beings are capable of insulting and injuring each other

D. man is better at taking chances than animals

5. In this passage, the author writes in a(n) ________.

A. serious tone

B. angry tone

C. ironic tone

D. matter-of-fact tone

1.B 第一段，作者想通过anaconda 的实验证明伯爵的残忍和贪婪，他killed seventy-two of

those great animals and ate part of one of them and left the seventy-one to rot 杀死了72头

野牛，最终却只吃了一头牛的一部分，选项B 正确。

2.D 第二段，作者指出许多富有的人很贪婪，他们have shown a hunger for more ，甚至通过

cheat ignorant and the helpless 以达到他们聚敛更多财富的目的，选项D 正确。

3.D 第二段，作者做了实验，发现许多动物在得到了足够供给生存的食物后，就could not be

persuaded to add to it ，而人类却永无止境地追求物质利益，作者通过实验发现，人类

是贪婪的，反映出某些方面，人类要比动物低级，选项D 正确。

4.C 结尾段落，作者指出实验中他发现在所有动物中，man is the only one that harbors insults

and injuries ，选项C 符合文意。

5.C 通过第一段，作者将伯爵和anaconda 的行为对比，得出结论the earl was descended from

the anaconda ，以及人与动物相比，更为贪婪等处可判断，整篇文章作者讽刺意味较强。

Questions 6-10 are based on the following passages

Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of the devastating effects of large-scale

environmental pollution. Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the short-sighted, selfish policies of the already industrialized countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander the majority of its natural resources.

While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in

Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental sabotage, it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale. A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much close to home.

Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job. Try not to inhale traffic fumes, keep away from

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chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling. It is enough to make you want to stay at home. But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea. Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical ‘nasties’ are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities. Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target.

The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia

Howard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air.

Nearly all public water supplies contain very low concentrations of toxic chemicals, most of

them left over from the otherwise beneficial process of chlorination. In fact, in many cases, the degree of exposure to toxic chemicals in tap water by inhalation is comparable to the exposure that would result from drinking the stuff. This is significant because many people are so concerned about water-borne pollutants that they drink only bottled water, worldwide sales of which are forecast to reach $72 billion by next year. Dr. Corsi’s results suggest that they are being exposed to such pollutants any way simply by breathing at home.

The aim of such research is not, however, to encourage the use of gas masks when unloading

the washing. Instead, it is to bring a sense of perspective to the debate about pollution. According to Dr. Corsi, disproportionate effort is wasted campaigning against certain forms of outdoor pollution, when there is as much or more cause for concern indoors, fight under people’s noses.

Using gas cookers or burning candles, for example, both result in indoor levels of carbon

monoxide and particulate matter that are just as high as those to be found outside, amid heavy traffic. Overcrowded classrooms whose ventilation systems were designed for smaller numbers of children frequently contain levels of carbon dioxide that would be regarded as unaccepted on board a submarine. ‘New car smell’ is the result of high levels of toxic chemicals, not cleanliness. Laser printers, computers, carpets and paints all contribute to the noxious indoor mix.

The implications of indoor pollution for health are unclear. But before worrying about the

problems caused by large-scale industry, it makes sense to consider the small-scale industry, it makes sense to consider the small-scale pollution at home and welcome international debate about this. Scientists investigating indoor pollution will gather next month in Edinburgh at the Indoor Air conference to discuss the problem. Perhaps unwisely, the meeting is being held indoors.

6. In the first paragraph, the writer argues that pollution ________.

A. has increased since the eighties

B. is at its worst in industrialized countries

C. results from poor relation between nations

D. is caused by human self-interest

7. In the 3rd paragraph the writer suggests that ________.

A. people should avoid working in cities

B. Americans spend too little time outdoors

C. hazardous gases are concentrated in industrial suburbs

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D. there are several ways to avoid city pollution

8. The Corsi research team hypothesized that ________.

A. toxic chemicals can pass from air to water

B. pollution is caused by dishwashers and baths

C. city water contains insufficient chlorine

D. household appliances are poorly designed

9. As a result of their experiments, Dr. Corsi’s team found that ________.

A. dishwashers are very efficient machines

B. tap water is as polluted, as bottled water

C. indoor pollution rivals outdoor pollution

D. gas masks are a useful protective device

10. Regarding dangers of pollution, the writer believes that .

A. there is a need for rational discussion

B. indoor pollution is a recent phenomenon

C. people should worry most about their work environment

D. industrial pollution causes specific diseases

6.A 第一段作者指出“80年代以来，we have been only too aware of the devastating effects （灾

难性后果如此严重，不得不引起我们的关注）”，表明环境污染在80年代加剧，后文

作者指出，这是由于发展中国家的poor government planning 和发达国家的selfish

policies 引起，选项D 只是发达国家的情况，没有包含发展中国家的情况，比较片面；

文中也未谈到污染在发达国家最为严重，选项B 也不正确；选项C 文中并未提及。

7.B 第三段，作者指出“科学家研究发现室内污染实际要比室外污染更为严重”，段尾提到

“the average American spends 18 hours indoors ，因此环境学家们似乎应该改变关注目

标，”，即注重室内污染的治理，本段，作者暗示了美国人在室内待的时间过长，而户

外活动过少，选项B 正确。

8.B 文章第四段指出baths, showers, dishwashers and washing machines 是室内主要的污染来

源，故B 项正确。A 项与文意不符，应该是“化学物质可通过水向空气传播”；文章

认为自来水经过氯化从而导致了水中含有了低量的有毒化学物质，而不是C 项认为“水

中含有的氯不足；D 项“家用电器设计不合理”，文中没有提及。

9.C 文中第六段谈论了Corsi 的研究意义和目的，他认为人们把精力浪费在certain forms of

outdoor pollution 上，而实际上，人们室内的污染也十分严重，需要处理，由此可判断

选项C 正确。文中第5段提到吸入自来水中的有害物质is comparable to the exposure

that would result from drinking the stuff ，其中的stuff 指的是含有这些有害物质的tap

water ，而不是bottled water ，选项B 不正确。

10.A 最后一段，作者指出implications of indoor pollution for health are unclear ，目前急待解

决的是考虑小范围的室内污染和welcome international debate about this ，选项A 正确。

Questions 11-15 are based on the following passages

Internet voting happens all the time, but usually it’s confined to topics such as “Who is the

cutest cast member of Party of Five?” Soon, however, people will be able to cast their ballot for President on the Internet. In March, Arizona Democrats will vote online in their state’s presidential

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primary, and Florida and Washington are considering online voting. The military plans to allow a small test group of overseas soldiers to vote via the Internet this November.

The Internet voting is growing rapidly. There are civic engagement enthusiasts who see it as a

way to prevent the drop in voter turnout. Then there are the Internet fans, who think the Internet is going to change everything, so why not polities? Most important are the people who make the plan for developing software for online voting. Imagine the retail price of that software, then multiply it by every state and city government, and suddenly a lot of Internet capitalists develop a deeply felt concern for increasing voter turnout.

Some problems will arise. Hackers and some politicians could break into a voting database

and make the secret ballot not so secret. A massive computer failure would have disastrous consequences. Just as serious, online voting could distort participation levels, at least, to the wealthy and cyber-connected.

In the long run, however, online voting might make little difference. Since the 1960s, the

government has made numerous attempts to energize nonvoters by making it easier for them to get to the polls, extending voting hours, lowering the voting age, etc. Still, voter turnout has decreased steadily. Political scientists believe the important cause is indifference and dislike to politics, not the inconvenience of voting. Putting a ballot the Internet might even further depress turnout by cheapening one of the holy ceremonies of democracy. “The business of democracy,” says Curtis Gans, an analyst of voting behavior, “shouldn’t be the same as getting your e-mail.”

11. What does the word “ballot” in the third line in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. V ote

B. Ball

C. Dance

D. V oter

12. Internet voting is growing rapidly because of all of the following EXCEPT that .

A. there are civic engagement enthusiasts who see it as a way to prevent the drop in voter

turnout

B. there are the internet fans, who think the Internet is going to change everything, of course

including politics

C. some people make the plan for developing software for online voting

D. some capitalists are very much concerned about the voter turnout

13. Which of the following is NOT a problem that will arise in Internet voting?

A. People will gain unauthorized access to a database.

B. Online voting system may be distorted.

C. Participants will be mainly wealthy and cyber-connected.

D. Computer failure.

14. According to political scientists, the important cause for decreased voter turnout is .

A. the lack of interest in politics

B. the inconvenience of voting

C. the business of democracy

D. the limited voting hours

15. What does Curtis Gans think of Internet voting?

A. A holy practice is treated with disrespect.

B. It is a natural behavior just like sending e-mail.

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C. Government should make the polls easier for voters to get.

D. Less and less people are interested in it.

11.A 第一段首句提到“Internet voting happens all the time ”，并指出了网上投票通常围绕什

么话题展开，随后又指出“然而，不久人们将会cast their ballot for President on the

Internet ”，根据上下文可判断，本句提出了人们网上投票的新主题“总统选举”，因

此，ballot 指的是“投票”，选项A 正确。

12.D 文中第二段讲述了网上投票迅速发展的原因，包括civic engagement enthusiasts ，the

Internet fans ，the people who make the plan for developing software for online voting 等人

的促成因素，后文提到的Internet capitalists 是在网上投票迅速发展后对销售利润表现

出极大热情，不是促成其发展的原因。

13.B 第三段谈到了网上投票存在的一些问题，包括：黑客或一些政客的非法进入资料库；

computer failure 会导致灾难性后果；网上投票也会distort participation levels ，只有那

些wealthy and cyber-connected 才会网上投票，选项B 不包含在内。

14.A 最后一段指出网上投票持续下降的原因，一些政治学家认为重要的诱因是indifference

and dislike to politics ，而不是投票的不方便，选项A 正确。

15.A 文章结尾部分，选举行为分析家Curtis Gans 指出“The business of democracy shouldn’t

be the same as getting your e-mail （民主事业不能像发送email 那样进行）”，言外之意，

民主选举是项庄严的事件，不应通过网络这种方式进行，选项A 符合。

Part B (10%)

Every morning, Allie wakes up and accompanies her friend to the washroom. She turns on the light, soaps up a washcloth, and begins cleaning her friend’s face. Is Allie an extremely devoted companion? Yes! Allie is a capuchin monkey who helps her disabled friend perform everyday tasks.

Monkeys like Allie are just one of many kinds of animals that help improve—or even save—human lives. But not all animals are suited to do every job. Certain animals are “hired” for specific jobs based on their traits, or characteristics. By using different methods of conditioning (training animals to act in a particular way in response to a stimulus, or signal), humans can teach animals to perform extraordinary tasks.

Throughout history, humans have relied on animals’ traits to get certain jobs done. For example, compared with humans, dogs are “far superior at tracking down odors,” says Marian Bailey, an animal behaviorist at Henderson State University in Arkansas. That’s because dogs have million of olfactory receptors, or smell nerves, in their noses.

For that reason, hunters used dogs to track down prey even in ancient Egypt. Today, dogs may be employed to sniff out illegal substances in school lockers or earthquake victims buried beneath the rubble of the collapsed building or highway.

Primates may not be good sinffers, but they can certainly lend a helping hand—or two. Monkeys are perfect helpmates for quadriplegics, people paralyzed from the neck down who are unable to use their own hands (and legs). Like humans, explains Bailey, monkeys have opposable thumbs—thumb that face the hand’s other fingers—so monkeys can pick up objects. Capuchins learn to open doors, clean up spills, and unscrew bottle tops. They can even get a sandwich out of the refrigerator and load your favorite tape into the VCR.

And speaking of VCRs, animals are even helping scientists make a videotape. Jennifer

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g y u .c o m Hurley, an animal researcher at the Long Marine Lab in Santa Cruz, California, is training two sea lions to carry video cameras on their backs to record the natural behavior of whales. So how do you get an animal employee to do its job? The answer: career-training. Trainers teach the animals to obey their instructions through a process called conditioning. Most trainers condition animals by using positive reinforcement, rewarding an animal for doing something correctly, says animal behaviorist Bailey. For example, trainers teach their dogs how to sniff out drugs by hiding a towel with the smell of drugs. “Dogs love to retrieve objects so the towel becomes a reward,” says Morris Berkowitz, who heads up a canine drug-sniffing program in New York. After repeating this game of hide-and-seek many times, the dog begins to “associate the odor with a reward,” says Berkowitz. When he gives the command, or stimulus, the dog seeks cot drugs. (it’s like learning to study hard for a test in order to get a good grade as a reward.) At “Helping Hands—Monkey Helpers for the Disabled,” capuchin monkeys are trained twice before being teamed with a disabled human. First, monkeys are placed with a foster family to become socialized to people. For five years, families help the monkeys adapt to a human environment, so the monkeys will trust and enjoy being around people. Taking the monkeys in when they’re four to six weeks old is important, says Bailey. “That’s when monkeys normally become socialized to other monkeys,” she says. Second, trainers at Helping Hands train the monkeys to perform specific tasks to assist a particular person. For example, a monkey may be trained to scratch an itch, or slip a floppy disc into a computer dive. Trainers reward the monkeys by using positive reinforcement, such as food, drinks. Directions: The passage below summarizes the main points of the passage. Read the summary and then select the best word or phrase from the box blow, according to the passage. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Allie is a capuchin (16) who helps her disabled friend perform everyday tasks. Allie is a(n) (17) of many animals who can be (18) to do certain jobs. Besides monkeys, (19) and sea lions can also give people a helping (20) .

Dogs are good at (21) down prey and sniffing out (22) and (23) because they have millions of (24) in their nose. Monkeys are good helper for the (25) who cannot look after themselves. Sea lions can help scientists to record the (26) of whales

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But animals cannot do the jobs (30) training. The main process of training is called (31) , which uses (32) . During the training, trainers (33) an animal for doing something (34) . For monkeys, the positive reinforcement can (35) a year before they are qualified for their jobs.

参考答案：

（16）N （17）R （18）G （19）K （20）A （21）J

（22）M （23）B （24）D （25）T （26）L （27）P

（28）S （29）C （30）E （31）Q （32）I （33）H

（34）O （35）F

II. Short Question Answer (10%)

Directions: Read the following passage and then give short answers to the following five questions. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET .

Today’s worker is no longer willing to work in an authoritarian and dehumanizing environment. Workers want meaning in their work and balance in their lives. They want opportunities to contribute and to know how their work is effective. Employees want to work for organizations that respect them as individuals. They also want to know that they are working for an ethical company that acts in a socially and environmentally responsible manner.

Today, and in the future, companies must design work so that employees can take responsibility and be rewarded appropriately. By changing altitudes, and conditions in the workplace, organizations can help make work more meaningful.

Repetitive factory routines and office work that simply moves paper from in-box to out-box are mindless task that destroy motivation and productivity. Research has shown that mental challenge is closely related to job satisfaction. Too little challenge in the work, as in completely automated tasks, generally leads to boredom and lowered satisfaction. On the other hand, too much challenge may lead to failure and frustration. Thus success or achievement in reaching an accepted standard of competence is an important factor in job satisfaction.

Today’s workers want to be a valued part of the whole. They want to know that their work is important and how it fits into the corporate strategy. They want to know not only how the work they do affects others and the organization’s goals, but how they as individuals can make an impact. Employees will contribute their knowledge enthusiastically in a corporate culture that values the individual.

The profitability of a company is related to the quality and efforts of its workers. Therefore, a direct relationship between job performance and reward makes work more meaningful. Compaq Computers, for example, has an unusually low turnover rate among its employees. Like most companies in the computer field, Compaq expects its people to work long and hard to achieve big results quickly. In many companies an atmosphere of constant push would inspire people to seek employment with less pressure somewhere else. Instead, high quality people stay with Compaq. The company’s culture emphasizes individual responsibility for results and high respect for individuals, Compaq benefits from creating opportunities for employees to perform to the vast of their potential and to be rewarded for their achievements.

36. What is an ethical company?

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37. What kinds of work will kill job satisfaction?

38. What may happen if there is too much challenge in one’s job?

39. On what condition does high turnover of employees occur?

40. How do employees contribute to the profitability under the corporate culture of Compaq

Computers?

参考答案：

36. An ethical company is a company that acts in a socially and environmentally responsible

manner.

37. Automated tasks with little challenge will kill job satisfaction.

38. Too much challenge may lead to failure and frustration.

39. In a corporate culture that values the individual, the high turnover of employees occurs.

40. The company emphasizes individual responsibility for results and high respect for individuals,

and creates opportunities for employees to perform to the vast of their potential and to be rewarded for their achievements.

III. Vocabulary and Structure (20%)

Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

41. Is it proper for the government to public opinion through self-serving, one-sided

journalism?

A. touch

B. hunt

C. sway

D. proceed

42. In times of financial depression, their marketing manager switched from the

company to their main competitor.

A. freight

B. allegiance

C. destination

D. allowance

43. Our students’ educational achievements equal, and in many cases______, those of students in

previous years.

A. surpass

B. advance

C. increase

D. multiply

44. Recently some ______incidents involving mistreatment of new immigrants and ethnic groups

have occurred in some European countries.

A. vile

B. steady

C. dreary

D. dissimilar

45. The editor spent hours______ every single page of that thick novel, looking for the slightest

error.

A. decorating

B. scrutinizing

C. remedying

D. shattering

46. Upon arrival in the city they were shocked to learn that all surviving hospitals were still

being______ by crowds of casualties needing treatment.

A. enclosed

B. embarrassed

C. besieged

D. penetrated

47. While we plan our railway buildings with a life span of l00 years, we also know that a quake

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measuring over seven on the Richter scale might ______once in l20 years, though we never

expected it to happen so soon.

A. appear

B. develop

C. erupt

D. emerge

48. Stockholders who do not go to meetings often vote by ______, which means that they delegate

in writing their authority to vote their shares of common stock.

A. proxy

B. envoy

C. monarch

D. regent

49. What is becoming increasingly obvious is that the Internet is______ demand for off-the-shelf

media.

A. diluting

B. collaborating

C. expelling

D. inflecting

50. Under the deteriorating social condition, a new stable order is demanded to______ the social

foundation against its collapse.

A. cripple

B. buttress

C. abandon

D. suspend

51. Newsmen ______that the two countries had met together secretly several times before they

arrived at the peace agreement.

A. established

B. concealed

C. determined

D. divulged

52. The influx of large numbers of tourists has influenced social behavior and social values, and

caused a certain amount of______ effect.

A. attempt

B. overreached

C. defeated

D. adverse

53. The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had

been______ for more pocket money all the time.

A. supposing

B. pleading

C. trailing

D. devising

54. The role of the UN force this time is to______ the transport of aid to the parts of the country

that need it most.

A. further

B. oversee

C. adopt

D. prohibit

55. Only when one______ the powerful current of the times will one’s life shine brilliantly.

A. dips into

B. comes into

C. drops into

D. plunges into

56. Opinion polls suggest that the left-wing coalition will be______ in the forthcoming elections.

A. presumed

B. liquidated

C. massacred

D. eradicated

57. Since the beginning of last month ，she has suffered now and then from a sharp and______

headache for which the doctors are trying to find a cure.

A. describable

B. irrational

C. intelligible

D. unexplained

58. There was no surprise that their forces______ five hours after the Allied bombardment of the

city began.

A. capitulated

B. offset

C. enclosed

D. appreciated

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59. Just imagine the shock of the Prime Minister when three of his senior cabinet colleagues

______and resigned in protest on Friday night.

A. revolved

B. revived

C. resolved

D. revolted

60. It is a______ of contemporary psychology that an individual’s mental health is supported by

having good social networks.

A. maxim

B. motto

C. discipline

D. tenet

61. She was depressed by the______, fog-bound scene on the waterfront and felt even more

lonely.

A. curious

B. somber

C. natural

D. global

62. I wish that my elder brother were not so______, he ruins my day when he argues with me

about the slightest thing.

A. accidental

B. contentious

C. substantive

D. concordant

63. In his most famous play, a couple’s______ marriage is centered on the fantasy child they have

created.

A. tempestuous

B. rumble

C. roaring

D. tumultuous

64. There is a real risk that food rationing will______ a new stream of refugees in the next few

months.

A. go large

B. leash of

C. let loose

D. ward off

65. These technological advances in communication have______ the way people do business.

A. revolted

B. adopted

C. represented

D. transformed

66. In order to get the business done, he tried to______ his evil intentions with apparent

friendliness.

A. cloak

B. protect

C. devise

D. fix

67. The manager stubbornly______ the section director from reducing his staff despite the failing

business of the company.

A. hindered

B. adapted

C. imposed

D. permitted

68. The Secretary General of the UN is seeking ways to prevent the______ conflicts in the Middle

East.

A. destining

B. distracting

C. destocking

D. destabilizing

69. The storm sweeping over this area is sure to cause______ of vegetables in the coming days.

A. rarity

B. sufficiency

C. scarcity

D. invalidity

70. When we got to the scene of the incident, we found that the police were firing shots and using

teargas to______ the crowd that had gathered around the building.

A. dispose

B. dislocate

C. disintegrate

D. disperse

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71. Years ago, people would have______ the notion that robots would operate on patients instead

of surgeons

A. smiled on

B. beamed upon

C. laughed at

D. amused with

72. Despite claims made by skincare manufactures, the effects of aging are .

A. irrefutable

B. irreplaceable

C. irreversible

D. irritable

73. After working through the heat of the day, they enjoyed refreshing themselves with a

supply of iced lemonade.

A. insufficient

B. copious

C. inferior

D. scarce

74. The influence of Aristotle’s philosophy has been ; it has even helped to shape modern

language and common sense.

A. occurrent

B. provocative

C. pervasive

D. persevering

75. A number of groups, objecting to the patronage system of church appointments and the

worldliness of some church officials broke away from the church in the 17th and 18th

centuries.

A. disabused

B. contrasted

C. dissident

D. intensified

76. Developing railroads, shipping, and other interests, the U.S based United Fruit

Company was known as the “Octopus” among resentful Central Americans.

A. subsidiary

B. unimpressed

C. superficial

D. distributed

77. There is some evidence that cells could be carefully and then injected into the brain of

Parkinson’s patients to replace damaged brain cells.

A. damaged

B. decided

C. adjusted

D. disturbed

78. Religious freedom and democratic choice were strongly again at this international human

rights conference.

A. embedded

B. asserted

C. sequenced

D. impressed

79. She never failed to his accomplishments by pointing to his brother’s eminence.

A. release

B. disesteem

C. disparage

D. pretense

80. The walkers in front crossed the ledge easily, seemingly of the fact that there was a

3000-foot drop on either side.

A. attentive

B. remindful

C. oblivious

D. pretentious

41.C sway public opinion 影响公众观点。sway 影响或改变某人的观点或行动。proceed 继续

下去，继续进行。

42.B 句意：金融萧条时期，他们的市场经理从效忠这个公司转变为效忠他们的主要竞争对

手。allegiance 忠贞，效忠。freight 货物，运费，货运。destination 目的地。allowance

津贴，补助。

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43.A surpass 超越，胜过。advance 促进，推进。multiply 繁殖，增加。

44.A 句意：近来欧洲一些国家发生了些不道德的事，包括虐待新移民和少数民族群体等。

vile 卑鄙的，可耻的，不道德的。dreary 沉闷的。dissimilar 不同的，相异的。

45.B 句意：编辑花了好几个小时仔细审查那本厚厚的小说中的每一页，试图找出极微小的

错误。scrutinize 仔细或彻底检查某事物。decorate 装饰，装修。remedy 治理，纠正，

补救。shatter 粉碎，破坏。

46.C 句意：…被成群等待治疗的伤员团团围住。besiege 围住，团团围住。enclose 用墙、

篱笆等围住，将某物放进信件包裹中。embarrass 使窘迫，使局促不安。penetrate 渗

透，刺穿。

47.C erupt 一般指火山爆发，这里指“里氏震级7级以上的地震每120年会突发一次”。appear

强调公开露面，被看见。emerge 侧重缓缓出现的过程。develop 生长，发育，进化。

48.A vote by proxy 由他人代为投票。proxy 代理权，代理人。envoy 使者，代表。monarch

君主。regent 摄政者。

49.A 句意：越来越明显的是因特网正在削弱人们对现货供应媒体的需求。dilute 削弱某事

物的力量、效果等。collaborate 合作，通敌。expel 驱逐，开除。inflect 使词尾变化。

50.B 句意：面临日益恶化的社会环境，需要建立一个新的稳定秩序以支撑社会基础，避免

其崩溃。buttress 支持或加强某事物。cripple 削弱。abandon 放弃，遗弃。suspend 暂

停，延缓。

51.D 句意：记者披露在达成和平条款前，两个国家秘密会见了好几次。divulge 泄露（秘

密）。establish 建立，设立，证实。conceal 隐瞒，隐藏。

52.D 句意：观光者的大批涌进影响了社会行为和社会价值观，造成了一些有害影响。adverse

effect 有害的影响。

53.B plead for 再三恳求或请求。trail 跟踪，追踪。devise 设计，发明。suppose 假想，猜想。

54.A 句意：联合国此次要推动救援物资向该国最需要救助的地区的运输。further 促进，推

动。oversee 监督，监视。adopt 采纳，收养。prohibit 禁止，阻止。

55.D 句意：只有当一个人跳入时代强有力的潮流中，他的生命才能灿烂辉煌。dip into 浏

览，涉猎。come into 继承（遗产）等，进入（某种状态）。drop into 落入，偶然进入。

plunge into 跳入，冲进。

56.D 句意：民意调查表明左翼势力联合在即将来临的大选中会被根除。eradicate 根除，消

灭。presume 推测，推定。liquidate 摧毁，杀戮，清除。massacre 残杀。

57.D 句意：…她时不时会犯一种剧烈的莫名其妙的头痛症…。unexplained 不清楚的，使

人莫名其妙的。describable 可记述的，可描写的。irrational 无理性的，失去理性的。

intelligible 可理解的。

58.A 句意：在盟军对该城市进行炮轰5小时后，他们的军队停止了抵抗，这一点也不奇怪。

capitulate 屈服，停止抵抗。offset 补偿，抵消。enclose 把…围起来，把…装入。appreciate

感激，赏识。

59.D 句意：…他的三个内阁同事反叛，并以辞职表示抗议…。revolt 造反，反叛。revolve

旋转，反复思考。revive 复活，使苏醒。resolve 解决，下决心。

60.D 句意：个人精神健康受到良好社会关系网的支持是当代心理学的一个信条。tenet 信

念，信条。maxim 格言，箴言。motto 格言，箴言，座右铭。discipline 纪律，戒律。

61.B 句意：暗淡的、浓雾萦绕的情景使得她十分沮丧…。somber 昏暗的，暗淡的。curious

好奇的，古怪的。natural 自然的，天赋的。global 全球的，全世界的。

62.B 句意：我希望我哥哥不是那么爱争吵，他为一丁点小事和我争吵，破坏了我一天的时

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光。contentious 好争吵的，爱争论的。accidental 意外的，非主要的。substantive 真实

的，有实质的。concordant 协调的。

63.D 句意：在他的绝大部分名剧中，一对夫妇的嘈杂婚姻生活…。tumultuous 嘈杂的，混

乱的。tempestuous 剧烈的，狂暴的。rumble 隆隆声。roaring 喧闹的，狂暴的。

64.D 句意：食物配给很有可能导致一批新难民被拒绝在外。ward off 避开，挡开。go large

生活阔绰，讲排场。leash 束缚。let loose 释放，放出。

65.D 句意：通讯方面的技术进步改变了人们做生意的方式。transform 改变。revolt 反抗，

反叛。adopt 采纳，收养。represent 表现，象征。

66.A 句意：…用表面的友好掩盖实际的邪恶意图…。cloak 掩盖或隐藏。devise 设计，发

明。

67.A hinder sb. from doing 阻碍，妨碍某人做某事。

68.A 句意：联合国秘书长正在寻求办法阻止中东地区即将发生的冲突。destining 注定的，

预定的。distracting 转移的。destocking 缩减储量。destabilizing 使动摇的。

69.C 句意：风暴横扫了该地区，肯定会导致来年蔬菜的缺乏。scarcity 不足，缺乏。rarity

稀有，因稀少而珍贵的事物。sufficiency 充足，足量。invalidity 无效力。

70.D 句意：…警察正在开枪和利用催泪性毒气驱散聚集在建筑周围的人群。disperse 驱散，

使散开。dispose 处置，部署。dislocate 使脱位，扰乱（计划等）。disintegrate 使分解，

使碎裂。

71.C 句意：数年前，人们可能会嘲笑“机器人将代替外科医生给病人做手术”这一观念。

laugh at 嘲笑，嘲弄。smile on 对…赞许。beam upon 看着…微笑。amuse 逗某人笑，

供某人消遣。

72.C 句意：尽管护肤品生产商作了种种宣称，但衰老的影响是不可撤消的。irreversible 不

能撤消的，不能更改的。irrefutable 无法反驳的。irreplaceable 不能替代的。irritable

易怒的，暴躁的。

73.B 句意：…他们用大量冰冻柠檬水来提神。copious 丰富的，大量的。insufficient 不足

的，不够的。inferior 下等的，下级的。scarce 缺乏的，不足的。

74.C 句意：亚里士多德哲学观的影响无处不在，它促进了现代语言和常识的形成。pervasive

无处不在的，遍布的。occurrent 偶然发生的。provocative 煽动的。persevering 坚韧的，

不屈不挠的。

75.C 句意：一些持不同政见者…在17，18世纪脱离了宗教。dissident 持不同政见者。disabuse

解惑，使醒悟。contrast 对比，对照。intensify 加强，强化。

76.A subsidiary interests 一些从属利益。subsidiary 附属的，从属的。unimpressed 无印记的。

superficial 肤浅的，浅薄的。distributed 分布式的。

77.C 句意：一些证据表明细胞可以经过仔细调整，然后注入帕金森疾病患者脑中替换那些

被损坏了的脑细胞。adjusted 调整过的。damaged 被损坏的。decided 确定的，坚决的。

disturbed 扰乱的。

78.A 句意：此次国际人权会议上，宗教自由和民主选择再次深入人心。embed 使嵌入，深

留。assert 断言，声称。sequence 顺序，次序。impress 印，留下印象。

79.C 句意：她向来都会通过他哥哥的显赫来贬低他的成就。release 释放，放走。disesteem

轻视。disparage 贬低。pretense 伪称，自称。

80.C 句意：前面的步行者轻松地穿过了壁架，似乎忘记了…。oblivious of 未察觉，忘记。

IV . Translation (15%)

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into

中华英语学习网：w w w .100y i n g y u .c o m

Chinese.

I was visiting New York last week and noticed something I’d never thought I’d say about the

city. Yes, nightlife is pretty much dead (and I’ m in no way the first to notice that). But day life was also a little different. It was quieter.

As I looked across the throngs on the pavements, I began to see why. There were little white

wires hanging down from their ears, or tucked into pockets, purses or jackets. The eyes were a little vacant. (81) Each was in his or her own musical world, walking to their soundtrack, stars in their own music video, almost oblivious to the world around them. These are the iPod people. Even without the white wires you can tell who they are. (82) They walk down the street in their own MP3 cocoon, bumping into others, deaf to small social cues, shutting out anyone not in their bubble.(83) Every now and again some start unconsciously emitting strange tuneless squawks, like a badly tuned radio, and their fingers snap or their arms twitch to some strange soundless rhythm. When others say “Excuse me” there’s no response. “Hi”, ditto. It’s strange to be among so many people and hear so little. Except that each one is hearing so much.

Yes, I might as well own up. I’m one of them. I witnessed the glazed New York looks

through my own glazed pupils, my white wires peeping out of my ears. I joined the cult a few years ago; the sect of the little white box worshippers. What was once an occasional musical diversion became a compulsive obsession. (84) And, like all addictive cults, it’s spreading. Get on a subway and you’re surrounded by a bunch of commuters staring into mid-space as if anaesthetized by technology. Don’t ask, don’t tell don’t overhear don’t observe. Just tune in and tune out.

It wouldn’t be so worrying if it weren’t part of something even bigger. Americans are beginning to narrow their live. (85) Technology has given us a universe for ourselves—where the serendipity of meeting a new stranger, hearing a piece of music we would never choose for ourselves an opinion that might force us to change our mind about something are all effectively banished. Society without the social, others who are chosen—not met at random. Human beings have never lived like this before.

参考译文：

（81）每个人都沉浸在自己的音乐世界中，他们伴随着自己音乐广播中的音带和明星前

行，几乎忘却了周围的世界。

（82）在大街上，他们沉浸在自己的mp3世界中，会撞到他人，对一些小的社会标记

充耳不闻，把任何与他们幻想不一致的人都拒之门外。

（83）时而不时，一些人开始无意识地发出一些如同一个未调节好的广播那般不和谐的

奇怪叫声，他们的手指会发出劈啪声或者他们的胳膊会随着一些无声的奇怪节奏扭动。

（84）如同所有上瘾的信徒那般，这种局势还在蔓延。上了地铁你会被一群通勤者围绕

四周，他们如同被技术麻痹了一般，凝视着中介空间。

（85）技术带给我们了一个自我世界，在这一自我世界中，结识陌生人或听见一首我们

永远不会自己选择的音乐的新发现，或者一个会导致我们改变对某些事物看法的观点都被有效地排除了。

V . Writing (15%)

Direction: Write an essay of no less than 250 words on the given topic of “The Pace of Life ” based on the following outline. Present your argument with supporting details. You should write

中

华英语学习网：w w w .100y i n g y u .c o m neatly on ANSWER SHEET. 1．生活节奏越来越快，人们感到时间不够用 2．快节奏生活的利弊 3．我对快节奏生活看法 参考范文： The Pace of Life As science and technology develops, the whole world seems to move at a faster and faster pace, people in modern society are always feeling that they are desperately gasping for time. Because there are always endless things need dealing with, but there always seems to be a lack in time. The fast pace of society both have its advantages and downside effects. For the positive effects, the fast pace of life can urge people to move forward. It gives people a sense of strain and helps people to realize the surrounding situations, thus urging people to move forwards and pursuing further progress rather than linger around the past achievements. Besides, the fast life pace can help people make better arrangement of their limited time and help them make better use of the resources, thus improving the efficiency of both individuals and society. The fast pace of life, of course, also has many negative effects such as making people at tense every moment, making people suffer much from the pressure and so on. But we shouldn’t be afraid of it, for there are still so many benefits fast pace can bring us. What’s more, the negative effects can be eliminated by our own efforts: arranging the spare time reasonably so as to put everything in order; improving the efficiency of every task so that we can have more time to use and go ahead of time. As long as we regard fast life pace in a right way, it will be the motive rather than disincentive for our progress.