初中英语简单句、并列句、复合句(教学材料)

初中英语简单句、并列句、复合句(教学材料)
初中英语简单句、并列句、复合句(教学材料)

拓维培优英语

语法专题——简单句、并列句

简单句:陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句

一、陈述句

陈述句用来陈述一件事情或者表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常用句号,读降调。

1、肯定形式:主语+谓语+其他

The boy often helps others.

2、否定形式:

(1)be的否定式:be用作系动词时:主语+be+not+表语+其他

She is not a teacher.

be用作助动词时:主语+be+not+动词的现在分词或过去

分词+其他Jim isn’t playing football.

(2)助动词、情态动词的否定

(3)除not外,其他否定词也可构成否定句:no、never、little、few、no one、nobody

nothing、neither of....、seldom、too...to

二、感叹句

感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子。

1、what引导的感叹句

(1)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语!What a beautiful girl she is!

(2)What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+主语+谓语!What important jobs they have done!

(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!What sweet water it is!

2、how引导的感叹句

(1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!How interesting the dog is!

(2)How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语!How useful a subject it is!

(3)How+主语+谓语!How time flies!

3、一些特殊形式

(1)在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句

He runs so fast!

(2)用一个词或词组表达强烈感情的句子

Wonderful! Look out! Great!

(3)以there、here等副词开头的感叹句

There she is! There goes the bell!

三、疑问句

用以提问的句子较疑问句,句末用问号。疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。

1、一般疑问句

表示询问事物或者某种情况是否属实,需要对方给予肯定否定回答。

(1) be+主语+其他?

(2)助动词(情态动词)+主语+谓语(动词原形)+其他?

回答:Yes,主语+be/助动词/情态动词

No,主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not

2、特殊疑问句

用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时不能用Yes No

(1)疑问代词:what 、who 、which 、whose(谁的)、whom(宾格谁)

(2)疑问副词:when 、where、why、how

(3)疑问词组:how soon、how long、how far、how soon

3、选择疑问句

提出两个或两个以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句。

(1)一般疑问句+or+被选择部分?

Do you like apples or pears?

(2)特殊疑问句,+A or B?

Which would you like better,tea or coffee?

4、反义疑问句

(1) 陈述部分含有never、few、little、nothing、nobody、no、hardly、none、too...to等表

示否定意味的词时,其反义疑问部分应用肯定形式。

There are few people in the room, are there?

(2)陈述部分是There be 结构时,反义疑问句部分用be there

There is a tree in front of the building, isn’t there?

(3)当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时,反义疑问句部分主语用he或者they

Somebody wants to see you ,doesn’t he/don’t they?

(4)当陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时,反义疑问句部分主语用it

Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it ?

(5)当陈述部分的主语为this,that等时,反义疑问句主语用it;陈述部分的主语为these,those等时,反义疑问句主语用they。前肯后否,前否后肯。

This is a beautiful picture, isn’t it?

Those aren’t your books, are they?

(6)have /has 的情况

Tom has a new watch, hasn’t/doesn’t he? (有)

Kate has to help her mother at home, doesn’t she? (不得不)

They had a good time in Beijing, didn’t they? (吃,喝,玩,度过)

We had better stop talking, hadn’t we? (最好)

Lucy has ever been to Japan, hasn’t she ? (在完成时中)

(7)need的情况

We need to arrive in Shanghai at 7:00, don’t we ?(行为动词)

We needn’t leave at once, need we ? (情态动词)

(8)must的情况

They must come on time, needn’t they? (必须)

That man must be Lilei ,isn’t he?(表示推测,一定,想必之意)

(9)I am 形式

I’m right,aren’t I ?

(10)祈使句形式

Listen to me carefully,will/won’t you? (肯定形式)

Don’t paly with fire, will you ? (否定形式)

(11)let’s let us开头的祈使句

Let’s go to the park, shall we?

Let us help you ,will you ?

(12)陈述句部分若为主从复合句,反义疑问句部分的主语与主句的主语一致。

She said he would come tomorrow, didn’t she?

四、祈使句

祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原先,句末用感叹号或句号。

1、(1)肯定祈使句,以动词原形开头(省略主语) Come in! Be quiet!

(2)有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加do,表示“务必,一定”Do come on time!

2、否定祈使句

Don’t +动词原形

Let’s+not+动词原形

3、有时为了表示委婉语气,可在句末加please,用逗号隔开。

并列句

构成:简单句+并列连词+简单句

分类:表顺延、递进、转折、对比、选择、因果

一、表示顺承、并列、递进关系的连词

and, both.....and, as well as, not noly...but also....,neither....nor...

二、表示转折或对比关系的连词

but, yet(然而),while(而)

三、表示选择关系的连词

Either...or.... 就近原则:动词与靠近它的人称、数保持一致

Or或者,否则

四、表示因果关系的连词

so所以,因此,于是,表示因果关系

for 因为,也表示因果关系

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分;有其所有格形式;在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词,而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词;不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中,可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词,不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念,不能用具体的数字来表示,视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物,因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰,一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

中考英语语法专题训练—复合句含答案与解析

专题训练十一 复合句 1. --- Could you tell me _____ for the fruit? ---By paying over the Internet. A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay C. how will I pay D. how I will pay 2. I don't know ______ during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice? --- How about visiting Beijing International Horticultural Expo ( 北京世界园艺博览会 )? A. what should I do B. when should I go C. what I should do D. when I should go 3. Would you please tell me ______ ? --- It's Mr. Black's. 7. --- I wonder ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. --- Because she always cares much about others. A. when the robot was bought C. why the robot was made 4. Rose is wondering _______ . A. what is Matt doing C. when will Aaron leave 5. --- Dear friends, do you still rem ---To realize our dreams! A. why you came here C. how you came here B. who the robot belongs to D. which city the robot was taken to B. where has Jason gone D. who did the washing _______ three years ago? B. why did you come here D. how did you come here 6. ---I wonder _______ --- Someone who can make me a better person. A. when you often meet your friends C. who you want to make friends with B. how you make your friends happy D. where you spend weekends with friends

中考初中英语语法八大时态总结(附答案)

中考初中英语语法八大时态总结(附答案) 初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词) don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有: always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如: I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他

初中英语复合句

初中重点语法 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法: (1) 表语从句:在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如:That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句:在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式:(主句+)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择: 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如:They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将 代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在 哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题:如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时; 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如:I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待: be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如:I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句:在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该 用现在时替代。如:When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可 以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如:Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去!) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会 忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如:He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如:He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身 更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如:He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多 辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如:Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如:Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替 我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿 了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)

并列句、复合句和连词精选中考试题

专题十四并列句、复合句和连词 1.(2017山东潍坊中考)—Boy, your head teacher has set up a WeChat group. Could you tell me? —OK, I’ll teach you.It’s so easy. A.how I join it B.why he sets it up C.what it is used for D.when it was set up 答案A句意:——儿子,你的校长建立了一个微信群。你能告诉我怎样加入吗?——好的,我来教你。那非常简单。本题考查宾语从句。根据句意可知选A。 2.(2017吉林中考)—Andy, I wonder the new sports clothes. —Of course by credit card. A.what you paid for B.how you paid for C.why you paid for 答案B句意:——Andy,我想知道你是怎么支付新运动衣的。——当然是通过信用卡。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语中的by可知应用提问方式的疑问词how,故选B项。 3.(2017吉林长春中考)—I want to know more about Hong Kong. Can you tell me ? —In 1997. A.when did it return to China B.when it returned to China C.when does it return to China D.when it returns to China 答案B句意:——我想更多地了解香港。你能告诉我它是什么时候回归中国的吗?——在1997年。根据句型结构可判断,本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序,A、C两项排除,根据“In 1997.”,可排除D选项,故选B。 4.(2016广西南宁中考)—Could you please tell me? —At 8:00 pm. A.when will the train leave B.when the train will leave C.where the train will go D.where will the train go 答案B句意:——你能告诉我火车什么时候离开吗?——晚上八点。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语排除C和D。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,故选B。 5.(2016天津中考)—Could you tell me you’ll go to Paris? —Next month. A.why B.where C.when D.how 答案C句意:——你能告诉我你将什么时候去巴黎吗?——下个月。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。why 为什么;where 在哪儿;when 什么时候;how 如何。根据回答可知选C项。 1

初中英语语法大全:英语五个基本句型

初中英语语法大全:英语五个基本句型1简单句、并列句、复合句 根据语法形式,即句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 句型:主语+谓语 只包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型,详见第十七章。 They are playing baseball in the garden. 他们正在公园里打棒球。 Her brother and sister both are teachers. 她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。 2并列句 句型:简单句+并列连词+简单句 (常见的并列连词有and,but,or) 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 My friend was at home,and we talked for along time. 我的朋友在家,我们谈了好长时间。 Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.

她父亲是个医生,她母亲是个老师。I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事,可是李明却对它不感兴趣。 Hurry up,or you'll be late. 快点,否则你就会迟到的。 3复合句 句型:主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句,或只包含一个从句,但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。) 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~) 我们在一中学习。 The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净) 这间教室很干净。 Three were absent.(数词作主语)

初中英语语法名词篇

初中中考英语语法 (名词篇) 语法总述: 名词篇: 名词的种类:英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类: 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如:Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词,如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成,往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词,如the United States,the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。

labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange; 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式:

并列复合句与状语从句

初中英语分类练习 ——并列复合句与状语从句 并列句专练 Ⅰ. 从方框中选择适当的词完成句子。 1.They are happy _______ they deserved their happiness. 2.Hurry _______ you will miss the plane. 3.I like chocolate, _______ it is bad for teeth. 4.I wanted to know the answer, _______ I went to ask him. 5.He had a drink, _______ went to bed. Ⅱ. 选择填空: ( )1. Be careful, _________ you will fall off the bike. A. but B. and C. so D. or ( )2. Edison said, “Never give up, _________ you'll make it.” A. yet B. or C. and D. but ( )3. Lucy and Lily are twins. Lucy likes playing table tennis, _________ Lily doesn't. A. or B. but C. and D. yet ( )4. Mr. Green knows little German, _________ he can't understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills. A. but B. so C. for D. or ( )5. My aunt doesn't have much money, _________ she always enjoys himself. A. but B. and C. or D. so ( )6. Which is nearer to us, the sun _______ the moon? A. but B. and C. or D. so ( )7. I can’t understand this passage _______ there are no new words in it. A. if B. because C. though D. an ( )8. The computer cost me too much, _______ it’s really useful. A. so B. but C. and D. or ( )9. There is air _______ water on the moon. A. and B. or C. so D. yet ( )10. It’s getting dark, _______they’re still working. A. and B. but C. so D. or ( )11. The street was wet, _______ it rained last night. A. because B. as C. for D. since ( )12. Rose is an English girl, ______ she doesn’t like English food. A. yet B. so C. for D. and ( )13. That was our first lesson, _______ she didn’t know all our names. A. for B. but C. so D. or ( )14. _______ did she go to see her father, ______ did she want her father to come.

跟郭老师学初中英语语法:复合句(附答案)

跟郭老师学初中英语语法:复合句 近几年,河北中考对复合句的考查主要包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。从命题内容来看,侧重考查宾语从句引导词的选择及其语序、时态,状语从句引导词的选择及“当主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时”的时态用法,定语从句关系代词that,which和who 的选用。从命题形式来看,多以单项选择、完形填空为主,一般分值在2~4分之间。预计2016年,对宾语从句的考查仍然会是宾语从句的语序和时态,状语从句中引导词的选择和时态以及定语从句引导词的选择。 2011—2015年河北中考试题分析表(名词) 年份题号题型分值 2011 43,45 单项选择 2 2012 36,45 单项选择 2 2013 35,44,48 单项选择,完形填空 3 2014 38,40,45 单项选择 3 2015 40,49 单项选择,完形填空 2 1. 宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句,常常位于及物动词或介词之后,作宾语。宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的,常考的引导词有that,if,whether,what,which,when,where,how,why等,宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。 2. 直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号标出;间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。 3. 在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句,在句中起到状语的作用。常考的状语从句有时间状语从句(由when,while,before,not…until等引导)、条件状语从句(由if,unless,as long as等引导)、原因状语从句(由because,since等引导)、结果状语从句(由so that,so… that…等引导)、目的状语从句(由in order that等引导)、让步状语从句(由though,although等引导)。… 4. 定语从句是指在句中作定语,用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫先行词,在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。定语从句常用的关系代词有who,whose,that,which,关系副词有when,where,why 等。 ①宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语

初中英语定语从句讲解.练习与答案

定语从句 定语从句 (一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 (二)、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人,在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 注:that 用法 (1)不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用;在" such (the same) ... as ..." 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which. We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature We depend on the land from which we get our food.

初中英语简单句、并列句、复合句

简单句:陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句 一、陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一件事情或者表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常 用句号,读降调。 1、肯定形式:主语+谓语+其他 The boy often helps others. 2、否定形式: (1)be的否定式:be用作系动词时:主语+be+not+表语+其他 She is not a teacher. be用作助动词时:主语+be+not+动词的现在分词或过去 分词+其他Jim isn’t playing football. (2)助动词、情态动词的否定 (3)除not外,其他否定词也可构成否定句:no、never、little、few、no one、nobody nothing、neither of....、seldom、too...to 二、感叹句 感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子。 1、what引导的感叹句 (1)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语!What a beautiful girl she is! ~ (2)What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+主语+谓语!What important jobs they have done! (3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!What sweet water it is! 2、how引导的感叹句 (1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!How interesting the dog is! (2)How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语!How useful a subject it is! (3)How+主语+谓语!How time flies! 3、一些特殊形式

英语人教版九年级全册英语简单句、并列句、复合句解析

英语简单句、并列句、复合句解析 简单句、并列句和复合句 考点一简单句 1. 简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2. 五种简单句: 1) 主+谓. He comes at last. 2) 主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3) 主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4) 主+谓+间宾+直宾.He gave me a pen. 5) 主+谓+宾+宾补.I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句:两个或两个以上的简单句,用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有: 1. 表示顺承关系的:and, not only…but also(不仅….而且….)等。 She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______helped us to overcome difficulties. Linda tried to become an excellentteacher, _____ at last she succeeded. 2. 表示选择关系和否定条件的有or(还是,否则) Do you want to leave now ____ would yourather set off later? Wear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold. 3. 表示转折关系的有but, yet等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻,但工作努力。 4. 表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼,因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句:宾语从句 1. 宾语从句的引导词 (1)引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping thisSunday. (2) 引导一般疑问句用if或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us.(whether…or not) (3) 引导特殊疑问句,要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2. 宾语从句的语序:要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3. 宾语从句的时态 (1)主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句,宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。He tells us that he has been able to lookafter himself. (2) 主句是过去时态,宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished thework.

初中英语语法大全:名词

初中英语语法大全:名词 一名词的定义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类: 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如: work。 … 注意专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 (三)名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式: 1.单数 英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。

[ There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子an new orange (×)→a new orange (○) 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk (×)→an old desk (○)一张旧课桌 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。 注意 ! 有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不 是看名词。 2.复数 英语中,如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时,要用名词的复数形式,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 变复数时情况如下: (1)一般情况下,在词尾加s. eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys 以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s],以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。 (2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.

初中英语语法名词篇(附习题和答案)

中考英语语法 (名词篇) 语法总述: 词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, ball, class, orange, clock, 合成名词:8-year-olds, groun-ups, passers-by, e-mail, 2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..): 表示人或事物的性质或特征。 如:good, right, white, orange, ugly, sweet, far, 合成形容词:8-year-old, hard-working, 4、数词(num.): 表示数量或事物的顺序。 基数词:one, two, three, hundred, 序数词:first, second, third, 量词:a piece of, two bottles of, three basket of, four bowls of, five cups of,six pairs of, 5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。 系词:am, is,are, 半系词:look, sound, feel, get, become, keep, stay, taste, smell, turn, 实意动词:have, see , think, beat, walk, 助动词:辅助动词构成否定、疑问等语气,辅助东西构成时态语态等。如: be,do,does,did,will,can,should,may, 6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, here, often, quietly, slowly, home, upstairs, hard, very, really, 7、冠词(art..): 用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 如in, on, at, from, above, under, behind, with, without, to, 短语介词:next to, in front of, at the age of, 9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, or, before, when, while, after, as soon as, if, unless, until, because, so, though, but, even if, even though, as if, 10、感叹词(interj..): 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello 2、句子成分: 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

初中英语简单句、并列句、复合句

拓维培优英语 语法专题——简单句、并列句 简单句:陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句 一、陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一件事情或者表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常用句号,读降调。 1、肯定形式:主语+谓语+其他 The boy often helps others. 2、否定形式: (1)be的否定式:be用作系动词时:主语+be+not+表语+其他 She is not a teacher. be用作助动词时:主语+be+not+动词的现在分词或过去 分词+其他Jim isn’t playing football. (2)助动词、情态动词的否定 (3)除not外,其他否定词也可构成否定句:no、never、little、few、no one、nobody nothing、neither of....、seldom、too...to 二、感叹句 感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子。 1、what引导的感叹句 (1)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语!What a beautiful girl she is! (2)What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+主语+谓语!What important jobs they have done! (3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!What sweet water it is! 2、how引导的感叹句 (1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!How interesting the dog is! (2)How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语!How useful a subject it is! (3)How+主语+谓语!How time flies! 3、一些特殊形式 (1)在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句 He runs so fast!

相关文档
最新文档