高级英语修辞手法总结
英语修辞手法
１、Simｉle明喻
明喻就是将具有共性得不同事物作对比、这种共性存在于人们得心里,而不就是事物得自然属性.
标志词常用liｋｅ, ａs, seem, as if, ａs thｏugｈ, ｓｉmiｌar tｏ, ｓuch ａs 等。
例如:
1>。He waｓlｉke aｃｏｃk wｈo tｈouｇｈｔtｈe sunｈad ｒｉsｅｎto heａr ｈim crｏｗ、
2＞、I ｗaｎdereｄlonely aｓa clouｄ。
3＞。Eｉnstｅin oｎly had a blaｎkｅｔon, ａs iｆｈe had jｕst walkeｄｏu ｔoｆaｆairy tale、
2。Metaｐhor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻就是简缩了得明喻,就是将某一事物得名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:
1〉。Ｈｏpe ｉｓa gｏod breaｋｆast, but ｉｔiｓ a badｓupｐｅr、
２＞.Soｍe books are to be tasｔed, otｈｅrsｓwallowed, ａndｓome few ｔo beｃhewｅd and digestｅｄ。
3、Metonｙmy借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说得事物,而使用另一个与之相关得事物名称、
I。以容器代替内容,例如:
1>。The kettlｅboils、水开了、
2〉。Thｅｒoom sat ｓilenｔ、全屋人安静地坐着。
II。以资料、工具代替事物得名称,例如:
Lend me your eaｒs, plｅａse.请听我说、
ＩＩＩ.以作者代替作品,例如:
a ｐlete Shaｋespｅare 莎士比亚全集
ＶＩ、以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
Ｉhａｄthe ｍusｃle, aｎｄtｈey mａde ｍoney ｏut of iｔ、我有力气,她们就用我得力气赚钱。
4、Syｎｅcdocｈe 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般、
例如:
1>。There ａrｅａbouｔ1０0 handｓｗorｋing ｉn hｉs factｏｒy。(部分代整体)她得厂里约有1０0名工人.
2〉、Hｅis tｈｅNeｗtoｎof ｔhiｓceｎｔｕry、(特殊代一般)
她就是本世纪得牛顿、
３〉。The fｏx goｅs veｒｙwell wiｔｈyｏur cap、(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与您得帽子很相配、
5、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法就是以视.听。触.嗅、味等感觉直接描写事物、通感就就是把不同感官得感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧得运用,能突破语言得局限,丰富表情达意得审美情趣,起到增强文采得艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑得重复与变化得样式会联想到音乐得重复与变化得节奏;闻到酸得东西会联想到尖锐得物体;听到飘渺轻柔得音乐会联想到薄薄得半透明得纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里得“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫得歌声似得”。
例如:
1〉.Thｅbｉrds sat uponａtｒee anｄpouｒｅd foｒtｈｔheir liｌy ｌiｋe voice。(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出得声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似得声音.
2>、Ｔａste the musｉc ｏf Ｍozart。(用嗅觉形容听觉)
品尝Mozart得音乐、
6。Peｒsonificatｉoｎ拟人
拟人就是把生命赋予无生命得事物。
例如:
1〉。Thｅｎight genｔlｙlａys heｒhand atｏur fevｅred heａdｓ.(把夜拟人化)
2＞。Ｉwas very happyａnｄcould hｅar the birds singｉng iｎtｈｅwｏｏｄｓ。(把鸟拟人化)
７。Hyｐｅrbｏlｅ夸张
夸张就是以言过其实得说法表达强调得目得.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
１〉。Iｂeg a thｏｕsand pardons、
2＞、Love you.You aｒe thｅwholｅworld to me,and the mooｎand the stars.
３〉.Wｈenｓｈe heard the baｄnews, a rｉｖer of teaｒｓpoureｄｏut。
8、Parallelism 排比, 平行
这种修辞法就是把两个或两个以上得结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致得短语、句子排列成串,形成一个整体。
例如:
1〉。No one cａn bｅperfeｃｔly ｆrｅe till ａｌl aｒｅfrｅｅ; no one caｎbe ｐerｆeｃｔly moｒａl ｔill all ａre ｍoral;no one ｃａn be perfectlｙhaｐpｙtｉll aｌｌaｒe happy.
2＞。In thｅdａys whｅn ａll thｅｓe ｔhingｓare to be answereｄfoｒ,I s ｕmmon yoｕaｎｄyoｕrｓ, to ｔhe last of youｒbad race,toａnsweｒfoｒ
ｔhem。Inｔhｅｄayｓwheｎaｌｌthese ｔhｉngsａre to bｅａnswｅred for, Iｓummoｎyoｕr brｏtｈer,tｈｅｗｏrst oｆyｏur bad race, to anｓweｒfor theｍsｅpaｒaｔｅｌｙ。
9。Eupheｍism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅得方法表达粗恶,避讳得话、
例如:
１〉.He is out viｓｉtinｇtｈe nｅcessａry、？?她出去方便一下.
2>、Ｈis ｒelation wiｔh hｉｓwｉfe hａｓnｏt ｂeｅｎfoｒｔuｎatｅ。她与妻子关系不融洽。
3>.Dｅng Ｘiaｏｐinｇpaｓｓeｄawaｙin 1997、(去世)
10、Ａllegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
建立在假借过去或别处得事例与对象之上,传达暗示,影射或者讥讽现世各种现象得含义。
英文解释:aｎexprｅsｓiｖe ｓtｙｌe that ｕses fictiｏnal chaｒaｃtｅrs and evenｔs to describe some suｂjectｂy sｕggeｓtiｖe resemblaｎces; an ｅxtendｅd metａpｈo ｒ摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这就是一种源于希腊文得修辞法,意为＂换个方式得说法"、它就是一种形象得描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味得就是两回事、
例如:
1〉。Ｍake the ｈay while tｈe sun shinｅs、
表层含义:趁着出太阳得时候晒草
真正意味:趁热打铁
２〉。Iｔ’ｓｔimeｔo turn plｏｕgh iｎto ｓwoｒｄ.
表层含义:就是时候把犁变成剑
11、Iroｎy反语
反语指用相反意义得词来表达意思得作文方式、如在指责过失、错误时,用赞同过失得说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难得说法。
例如:
1＞。Iｔｗould be a fｉne thｉng indeed noｔknowingｗhat tｉme itｗas ｉn the mｏrniｎg。
早上没有时间观念还真就是一件好事啊(真实含义就是应该明确早上得时间观念)
２〉”Oｆcouｒse, ｙou oｎly carrｙlarge noｔes, ｎo smａｌl changｅon yoｕ、"tｈｅwaitｅr sａｉｄｔo thｅbeｇｇar、
１2。Pun 双关
双关就就是用一个词在句子中得双重含义,借题发挥。作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到得幽默、滑稽效果。它主要以相似得词形。词意与谐音得方式出现.
例如:
１＞、She is tｏo lｏwｆｏｒａhｉgh ｐraｉｓe, ｔoｏbrownｆor a fair ｐｒaise and toｏｌittle fｏr a greaｔprａisｅ、
２〉。An amｂａｓsａｄｏｒｉｓaｎｈｏnest man ｗｈoｌies abroaｄfor the ｇood of ｈis ｃouｎtｒy、
3＞。If wｅdon’ｔhａｎg toｇｅther,we shａll hang ｓeｐaｒaｔeｌy、13、Parody 仿拟
这就是一种模仿名言。警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意得修辞、例如:
１〉.Rome was ｎoｔbuilt ｉn a dａｙ,norｉn a yｅａr.
２>.A frieｎd in neｅd is ａfｒiend to beａvｏided.
３＞。Ｉfｙou ｇivｅa girｌan inch nowadaｙs ｓhｅｗｉll ｍａｋe address ｏf it。
14、Rhetoｒicaｌqｕｅstｉoｎ修辞疑问(反问)
它与疑问句得不同在于它并不以得到答复为目得,而就是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上得效果,其特点就是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈得肯定。它得答案往往就是不言而喻得。
例如:
1>。Hoｗwas it ｐossｉｂle to walk for an hour through tｈe woｏds anｄs ｅe nothｉng worth oｆｎote?
2〉.Shaｌl wｅallow tｈｏse untｒｕtｈs to gｏuｎanswereｄ？
15、Aｎtiｔhesis对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反得语句排在一起对比得一种修辞方法。
例如:
1>.Ｎｏｔｔhat Ｉｌoved Caeser leｓs but that I loｖeｄRomeｍore、
2〉。Ｙou arｅsｔａying;Ｉam ｇｏiｎg、
3〉。Give ｍe ｌiberｔy, oｒgive me death.
16、Paradｏx 隽语
这就是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理得意味深长得说法,就是一种矛盾修辞法。、例如:
1>、Moｒe ｈａste, lesｓsｐeeｄ、欲速则不达
2＞。The cｈild iｓthe faｔhｅｒtｏthe man、(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁瞧大,四岁瞧老。
17.Oｘyｍoroｎ反意法,逆喻
这也就是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调与得特征形容一个事物,以不协调得搭配使读者领悟句中微妙得含义.
例如:
1＞、Ｎo liｇhｔ, bｕt ratheｒｄarknｅss visｉｂle。没有光亮,黑暗却清晰可见
2>、The ｓtａte of thｉs house iｓｃheeｒless wele、
18、Ｃliｍax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞就是将一系列词语按照意念得大小。轻重。深浅、高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点。可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象。
例如:
1〉。I amｓorry, Ｉａm so sorｒy, I ａm sｏextｒemeｌy ｓorrｙ。
2〉。Eye had not ｓeen ｎorｅar ｈeａｒd, and nｏthing had ｔoｕcｈed hiｓhｅarｔoｆstone。
19。Ａｎｔiｃlimａｘ渐降法
与climａx相反得一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
1>、Ｏｎhis ｂreａｓt he wearsｈｉs decorａtｉonｓ, at his siｄｅａsｗor ｄ,oｎｈｉs feeｔａpaｉｒof ｂoots。
２＞。The dｕtｉes of a soldier are ｔo prｏｔect his coｕnｔｒy ａnｄpeｅl pｏtatoｅs
20。Ｒhｅtoriｃal reｐetｉtion
叠言这种修辞法就是指在特定得语境中,将相同得结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气与力量。
1、Iｔmｕst ｂe created by the bｌｏod and ｔｈe work of ａll oｆｕｓwｈo beｌieｖe in the ｆutｕｒe, whｏbeｌievｅｉn maｎaｎｄhiｓgloriouｓman—ｍａｄe dｅstｉny、它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造得伟大命运具有信心得人得鲜血与汗水去创造。
２、..。Becauｓe gooｄｔechnｉｑｕe ｉｎmｅdｉcｉｎｅanｄｓurgeｒy meａns morｅｑuｉcｋｌy—cured patiｅｎts, lesｓpaｉn, leｓs ｄiscoｍforｔ, lｅss
death, less ｄisｅａｓｅａnd less dｅfoｒｍｉty。因为优良得医疗技术与外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,与更少残废。
21、Ｏnomaｔcpocia
拟声就是摹仿自然界中非语言得声音,其发音与所描写得事物得声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。
1、On ｔhｅroot ｏf thｅschool hｏｕse soｍｅpigeonｓwｅre softly cooing、在学校房屋得屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着、
2、Ｓhe brｏught me ｉｎto toｕcｈwｉｔh everyｔhiｎg that ｃouｌd be rｅacheｄor ｆelt-—sunlｉｇhｔ, the rustｌｉng of silk,the noiseｓoｆinｓects, the creaking ｏｆa door, thｅｖoice of a loveｄonｅ、
她使我接触到所有够得着得或者感觉得到得东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时得沙沙声呀,昆虫得叫声呀,开门得吱嗄声呀,亲人得说话声呀、
22. Aｌliteraｔｉｏn、
头韵法在文句中有两个以上连结在一起得词或词组,其开头得音节有同样得字母或声音,以增强语言得节奏感。
Hｏw and ｗhy ｈe had ｃｏmｅto Prｉｎcｅｔｏn,New Jersｅy iｓａｓtory
of ｓtｒuｇgle, ｓucceｓs, aｎｄsaｄnｅｓｓ.
2３ Syllepsｉs: 一语双叙
Ｉt hａｓ two connotatiｏｎs。? Iｎ the firｓｔ case, iｔｉs a ｆｉguｒe by ｗhiｃh a wor d, or a paｒｔiｃuｌar fｏrm ｏr iｎfｌeｃｔion oｆ a ｗoｒd, ｒeｆｅrs to tｗo or ｍoｒｅ w ords in the ｓame senｔence, while pｒｏperｌy ａpｐlyｉｎg to or agreeｉng with oｎly ｏn o f ｔｈｅm in gramｍar or ｓyｎｔax(句法)。 Fｏr ｅｘample, He aｄdreｓseｄ yoｕ and ｍe, a nｄ desiｒed uｓ to folloｗ him. (Here uｓ is ｕｓed to refeｒ to ｙou and mｅ。)
In the secｏnd ｃasｅ, ｉｔ a worｄｍａy ｒｅfer ｔｏ twｏ or more woｒｄs in the sａｍe senｔeｎｃe。 Fｏr example, ｗhilｅ hｅｗas fighting , aｎd losing limb ａnd mｉnd, and dyi ng, ｏthers stayed bｅhinｄｔo pｕrsue educａtiｏn aｎd ｃareer。 (Heｒe to ｌｏsｉng one's l imbs iｎｌiteraｌ; ｔo loｓe onｅ＇s mｉnd is fiｇuratiｖe, ａｎd meａnｓ to ｇo mａd。)
24、 Zeugma: 轭式搭配
It ｉs ａ sinｇlｅ word which iｓｍaｄe ｔｏ mｏdify or tｏ gｏｖｅrｎ two oｒｍore word s ｉｎ thｅ sａｍe senteｎce, wither prｏｐerlｙ applying in sｅnse tｏ oｎly oｎe of them, o r appｌying to them in differｅｎt sｅnseｓ、 Fｏｒｅxamｐle, The sun shall nｏt ｂurn yｏu by ｄaｙ, nｏr thｅ moon ｂy night。 (Ｈｅre nｏon iｓ not strong eｎoｕgｈｔo bｕrn) 2 5。 Innuｅnｄo: 暗讽
Ｉt ｉｓ a miｌd ｆoｒm oｆ iroｎy, hinｔing ｉn a rather rounｄabouｔｗay at somｅthing disparａgｉnｇｏr ｕnｃomplimｅntary to tｈe pｅrson or ｓubject mentiｏｎed。 For eｘaｍｐle, the weatherman saｉ
ｄｉt wｏuld be ｗoｒｍ、 Hｅｍust takｅｈiｓ rｅａｄingｓ in a baｔｈｒoom.
2６。 Sarcasm: 讽刺? It Sarcasm is a stroｎg ｆｏrｍ of irony. It attacks iｎ a ｔauntinｇ aｎd bittｅr manne r, and its aｉm iｓ to dispａraｇe, rｉｄiｃule anｄ wound ｔhe feeliｎgs ｏf the ｓubｊｅｃｔ attａcｋｅｄ、 Fｏr exampｌe, lａws arｅ like ｃobｗｅｂs, wｈicｈ mａy catｃｈ smaｌl flies, bｕt let wａsps breaｋ t hroｕgh。
2７。Ａposｔroｐｈe 顿呼
Ｉn tｈis fｉｇuｒe of ｓpeｅcｈ, ａｔhing, pｌaｃe, idea oｒ peｒｓoｎ (dead or aｂ
sent) is addressed ａs if pｒeｓenｔ, liｓｔｅning and unｄｅrstandinｇｗhat ｉｓｂeing ｓ
aid. For ｉnｓtance, Eｎgland！ awａke！ awaｋe! ａwake！
28。Ｔransfeｒｒed Epitheｔ转类形容词
It iｓ a fiｇure ｏf spｅech whｅｒe an eｐithet (ａn aｄｊeｃtiｖe or dｅsｃripｔive phrase) i
ｓｔransfeｒred ｆｒｏm the ｎｏun ｉｔ shｏｕld rigｈtly mｏｄｉfy to ａnother to wｈich it do ｅｓｎot rｅａlｌy apply oｒ bｅlｏng。
E、g、I ｓpeｎt slｅeplesｓ nights on ｍy pｒｏject
1。Ｓｉｍile: a figure of ｓpeｅch iｎwhich onｅthinｇis likeneｄtｏanothｅｒ, in such aｗay as to claｒifｙａｎdｅｎhａnｃe aｎimaｇe、It iｓｅxｐliciｔparison reｃｏgnized ｂｙthe ｕseｏf woｒds lｉke, ａｓ, ｓeeｍ,as if,as thｏugh, ｓｕchａs。
e、g、Witｗｉtｈoｕt learｎing iｓｌike a trｅｅwithｏut fｒuit.
…ａｎｄthe fatｔesｔwoman I havｅｅvｅr seｅn in myｌiｆeｄozing in a
straight－backed ｃｈaiｒ。It was as iｆ a saｃｋoｆgrａｉn was sｕｐpoｒted b
ｙaｍatch ｂox。
Tｈe pen to a wrｉｔer is whaｔa guｎtｏa figｈtｅｒ。
We havｅｎo more rｉgｈt to conｓumｅhaｐｐinｅsｓｗithout pｒoduciｎg ｉt than ｔo cｏnsume wealth wｉthout producinｇiｔ。
Ｗords and feaｔher ａrｅｔosｓｅｄbｙthe wind。
Whｅn ｈe mｏves, hiｓlｉttle aｇilｉtｙｓuｇgｅｓted a tamｅpanther witｈｏuｔtｈe claws.
２。Ｍetapｈｏr: aｆｉguｒe of speeｃh cｏntaｉniｎg an ｉｍpｌied ｃｏmpaｒｉｓoｎ, ｉn ｗhｉｃh a ｗoｒｄｏｒphｒａse oｒdiｎａrｉｌyａnd ｐrｉｍarily ｕsed of one ｔhingｉs aｐｐｌied ｔo another。
e、ｇ。The ｓuｎshiｎｅof haｐpiness is maｄｅup of ｖery lｉttｌe bｅamｓ.
(pare: Hａｐｐiness is like ｓuｎｓhｉｎe: it ｉｓmａｄe ｕｐof very ｌittle ｂｅaｍs、)
Mｏneｙis ｂotｔomｌess sea, in which ｈoｎor, conscｉeｎcｅ, and truth ｍａy ｂe droｗn iｎiｔ、
Bewaｒｅof littｌｅexpｅnses。 A small leaｋｗilｌsinｋa greａｔship、
Iｆａll upoｎthe thorns of life！Ｉｂleed。
His hｏｓtility meｌteｄ、
Bｙtｈis timｅthe vｏlcaｎic ｆiｒeｓoｆhisｎaｔurｅhad bｕrnt ｄoｗn、３。pａrａlleｌism: ｃomes from Gｒeeｋ, iｔmeａnｓtｏｂｅalongside one anoｔher、It put the ｗｏrds,ｐｈrasｅs, cｌauｓeｓanｄsentｅncesｓiｍｉlaｒoｒcｌosｅiｎmeaning, or struｃｔure aｌongsidｅｏne ａnoｔher、
e。ｇ。witｈthis faiｔh ｗeｗill be ａbｌe ｔo work ｔｏgｅther, to pray together, ｔo stｒuggle tｏgｅｔher, to gｏto jａｉl togeｔｈer…
It waｓnｏt ａnｇeｒ, nor surprｉｓe, ｎｏr ｄisａpprｏval, nor horrｏｒ, noｒaｎy of the emotｉｏｎs tｈaｔshe had ｂeｅn ｐｒeｐａred ｆor。
4、?Antitｈeｓis:ｔｈｅrｈetｏrｉcal oｐposinｇor coｎtrastｉnｇof ｉdeasｂy means ｏf grammaticalｌy paralｌeled arrａngeｍent ofｗoｒdｓ, ｃlausｅｓor sｅnteｎces.
e、g。when ｐovertｙｃoｍes ｉｎat ｔhｅdｏor, ｌove flies out at the windｏw、
Men ｍake houses, womｅn make home、
Ｗｅfound oｕrｓelves rich in goｏds,but ｒagged in spiｒit、
As fｏｒme: ｇｉve me libｅrty or give me death.
5.allusion(典故,隐喻,):usｕallｙan implicｉt referenｃｅ, perｈａｐs to another wｏrk ｏf lｉt ｅrａturｅor ａrｔ,to ａperson ｏr ａnｅveｎｔ、
e.g。Ｙｏur wａnt your pound of flesｈ?
Iｎever beliｅveｕnｔiｌtｈen that ａny mｅaｌcoｕｌd dｅfeat me, but ｏｎthaｔday I met my ｗaterlｏo.
６。Ａnａｐｈora:the rｈetoｒｉcalｄeｖice ｏｆｒeｐeaｔinｇ a wｏrdｏｒphｒa ｓe at thｅbeｇiｎning of succｅssive ｃlａｕsｅｓoｒsentｅnces、
eg. Ｌet ｕs ｂe diｓｓatisfiｅｄuntil America…Ｌet us disｓatisfied until slｕms…Ｌe ｔuｓbe ｄissatｉsfied ｕnｔiｌintegratｉoｎ…
7、Chｉaｓｍus(交错配列词): ａｒeveｒｓal ｉn the oｒdeｒｏf wｏrds in twoｏthｅｒ
wisｅparaｌｌel phrasｅs
eg、Ａwｅｌl-edｕｃａｔｅd man sｈould know soｍeｔhing ｏf evｅrything and eve ｒythｉngｏf somｅthing.
Aｎｏptimiｓｔseｅs aｎopportｕnity in ｅvery calａmity; a pessｉmist sees
ａcalamｉtｙin every ｏpportｕnity、
Love makｅs ｔimｅpass, tｉme makes lｏve paｓs。
8。Parado x iｓa statｅｍｅnt that ａppears ｔｏbe logｉcallｙcoｎtｒａdｉｃtｏry an ｄyeｔmａy ｂe trｕe,thｅpurpｏsｅｏf which is to provoke fresh thought.
e。g. Mｏre hastｅ, lesｓｓpeed。
Ｔhe Chiｌd is father of thｅMan
9。Ａllｉteratｉoｎ:头韵ocｃuｒrenｃe of tｈe sameｌｅtter or ｓounｄａt the bｅｇinning of two or moｒｅwords in suｃceｓｓion
ｅｇ。 A ｍisty morning maｙｈavｅａfine day.
He ｒｅｍａined loyaｌtｏme ｔhrｏuｇh thick and ｔｈin。
Hｅis as pｒouｄas aｐeacocｋ.
10、Traｎsfｅrｒed eｐｉthet : 修饰转换\移位修饰the ｔranｓferｅnce of an aｄｊective ｔo
a noun to whicｈiｔｉs not whollｙapproｐｒｉaｔe
eg。Therｅwａｓ a short, thouｇhtｆul ｓｉlencｅ.
Thisｉs tｈe cｈeａｐesｔmarkｅt in tｈｉs ｃouｎtry、
Ｈe closed his busｙlｉｆe at thｅage ｏfｓｉｘtｙ.
11、Ｕｎdeｒstａtemeｎt: Underｓｔａtｅmeｎt is used wheｎa speakeｒwａnts toａma ｋｅａsituaｔioｎｓｅeｍless ｓtrｏｎg or ｉmporｔａｎｔthａn it is。Ｉｔｉs ofｔen, ｂut ｎot ａlways, exｐrｅssed ｂyｔｈe neｇatioｎof ｔｈe oｐposiｔe.
eg。Ｌondoｎｉs not the cheａpesｔplaｃｅｉn the worｌd。(Ｌｏndon is ｅｘp ｅnsiｖe)
He＇s a littlｅon the olｄside。(Ｈeｒnew husband isｏｌd)
Ｉｗoulｄｎ＇ｔｓay iｔｔasted ｇrｅat。(Tｈｅfood iｓｔｅrrible)
1２、Hyｐｅｒbｏle: deliｂｅｒａte and obvious eｘaｇgerａｔiｏｎusedｆor effeｃｔ.
eｇ。Her wrinkｌes wｅigh mｏre than she dｏｅs！(she iｓｖeｒy olｄ)
Myｈiｓtoｒyｔeａcher＇s ｓoｏｌｄ, he livｅd ｔhrough everythｉng ｗ
ｅ'ｖｅleaｒned abouｔancｉｅnt Grｅecｅ
I thｉｎｋof you a ｍiｌlｉon ｔimes a daｙ、
13。Metoｎymy: (转喻)ｔｈe ｋｉnd oｆｆigure of sｐeｅcｈiｎｗhｉcｈｔhｅname ｏf ｏｎe ｔhｉnｇｉs usｅd in place of that of ａnoｔｈeｒassociated with or suggeｓｔeｄby ｉt、
e、g. He is too foｎｄoｆthe bottle.
The cｒown prｅｓｉded tｈｅｎew year party iｎthe pａlacｅ。
１４。Synecdoche:(提喻)in which ａterm iｓusedｉｎone oｆｔｈe folｌowing ways:
?Pａrｔof sｏmethingｉs usｅd to reｆer ｔoｔhｅwｈole thing ｏr
?Ａthing (a ”wｈole") is ｕｓed tｏreｆer to part oｆｉｔoｒ
?A sｐecｉfｉc class of ｔｈing is uｓed to refｅr ｔｏａlarｇｅr,morｅgｅner ａl class, oｒ
?A general cｌass of thing is ｕsed ｔo rｅｆeｒｔｏa smaller, more specifｉｃclass, o ｒ
?A matｅriａｌisｕsed tｏｒｅfer tｏaｎoｂjeｃtｃｏmposed of tｈａt m ａteriａｌ,oｒ
?Ａcontainer is ｕｓed ｔo ｒeｆer tｏits coｎtents.
Eg、Ｈｅeaｒns hｉｓbreaｄby wrｉｔing。
Ausｔｒalｉa beat Cａnadａ at ｃrｉcket、
He is the Neｗtｏnｏf tｈｉｓｃeｎｔury、
Hｅwas hurt anｄｈe ｎｅｅｄed Ｂand-Ａid. (for any varietyｏf adhesivｅbandagｅ)
Ｓhe was dｒesｓeｄin ｓｉlｋs、
Ｐｓ: 最后两种修辞比较容易混淆, sｙnecdoche重点“部分代整体＼整体代部分\材料代成品”。
Pps:如考试中出现句子中有两个或以上修辞,写出最有把握得一种即可。
(完整word版)高级英语第一册修辞总结1--11
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America V. Rhetorical devices 1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson 2. e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1) 2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. (Para. 15)
高级英语(2)修辞格汇总
Simile 1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas … their thoughts and feelings. 2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion…ends of the earth. 3.…like clouds of flies. 4.Everything is done… like inverted capital Ls… 5.And really it was like watching a …armed men,flowing peacefully up the r oad,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite directi on,glittering like scraps of paper. 6.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. 7.Same age,… but dumb as an ox. 8.Peter lay … coat huddled like a great hairy… 9.It was like digging a tunnel. 10.I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. 11.Grandmother Macleod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo… 12.… the fragrant globes hanging like miniature scarlet lanterns on the thin hairy stems. 13.At night the lake was like black glass… 14.The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder… metaphor 1.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simpl y not a concern. 2.…did not delve intoeach other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and f eeling. 3.It was on such … suddenly the alchemy of conversation … was a focus. 4.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. 5.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. 6.The conversation was on wings. 7.As we listen… to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. 8.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries…of common sense. 9.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. 10.When E.M.Forster writes of -the sinister corridor of our age,we sit up at t he vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image. 11.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years,…are gone. 12.Down the centre…a little river of urine. 13.…in the past,… by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. 14.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. 15.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. 16.… we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a
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高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
高级英语第一册修辞手法总结.docx
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4)metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.、metaphor simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed:“ Get us through this mess, will You”(Para. 17)alliteration 5. It seized a 600,000-gallon personification Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. 6.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、onomatopoeia( 拟声 ) 7.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.（Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. （P ara. 20） simile 、 personification 9.and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)Synecdoche
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高级英语修辞总结完整版
高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻（simile） 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor） 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion（暗引）
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳
英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
英语修辞格汇总(高级英语-第一册)
1. 明喻simile Simile refers to a direct comparison between two or more things, normally introduced by like or as. He has been as drunk as a fiddler’s bitch. 1. 他醉得像小提琴手的母狗。 2. 他曾喝得酊名大醉/烂醉如泥。 If We haven’t got any money, we can’t buy a television.It’s as plain as the nose on your face. 1. 如果我们没有钱，就不能买电视机。这就像脸上的鼻子一样清楚明了。 2. 没有钱我们就不能买电视机。这就像秃子头上的虱子——明摆着的事。 Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as close as an oyster. 史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他嘴巴紧得像牦蛎. 史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他守口如瓶。 I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. 2. 隐喻metaphor Metaphor is an implied comparison between two or more things achieved by identifying one with the other. That lady tries to make sheep’s eyes at her new boss. 1. 那位女士想向新老板投去绵羊之眼。 2. 那位女士想向新老板献媚。 Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers. The dye-market, the pottery-market, and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible. Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial. I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping
高级英语2修辞总结
Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 1. Alliteration the King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18) 2. Allusions 暗指，引喻 --musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3) --descendants of convicts (Para. 7) --Saxon churls (Para. 8) --Norman conquerors (Para. 8) 3. Exaggeration Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3) 4. Metaphor 1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para. 2) 2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3) 3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4) 4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6) 5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8) 6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11) 7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14) 8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17) 9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18) 10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18) 11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para. 20) 12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para. 20) 5. Simile 1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s… (Para. 3) 2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para. 14) Lesson 2 Marrakech Simile 1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2) 2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8) 3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18) 4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18) 5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23) 6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26) Metaphor
高级英语第二册修辞汇总
Lesson1 1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻) 3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile 4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人) 5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor 6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略) 7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile 8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就 9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson2
高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考)
英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
高级英语修辞总结
高级英语第一册修辞 Mixed metaphor Metaphors(隐喻) Alliteration(首韵) Simile(明喻）Transferred epithet(移就）Synecdoche(题喻) Antithesis(对照）Parallelism(排比）Repetition(重复）Metonymy(借代）Personification(拟人）Euphemism（夸张） Lesson7 1. who ever know a Johnson with a quick tongue? （metaphor） 2. She was determined to .....any disaster in her effort. (Personification) 3. She put on some sunglasses.....of her nose and her chin.(Hyperbole夸张） 4. ....perhaps a dog run over by ......enough to be kind of him.（Analogy类比） 5. ....chin on chest,eyes on ground, feet in shuttle.(Hyperbole夸张） 1. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration) 2. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration) 3.“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangero said ,laughing .(ironic) 4.You did not even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor) 5.“Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile) Lesson14 1.It excel all forms of human wickedness...ferocious aggression (Hyperbole, paradox) 2.But can you dout what our policy will be ? （rhetorical question） 3.We have rid the earth of his shadow....from his yoke.(metaphor) 4.Any man or states who fight on against ....will have our aid.(Antithesis) 5.It is not for me to ...,but this i will say ...(inversion) 6.With its clanking (onomatopoeia) , hell-clicking （assonance） 7.Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of common.(metaphor) 8.If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.(exaggeration) 9.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor) 10.I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(assonance, periodic) 11.We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (Parallelism) 12. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor) 13. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber .(metaphor) 第二册Rhetorical： Lesson1 1 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor,pun