第十二讲 定语从句的翻译
第十二讲定语从句的翻译
一、教学目的：了解和掌握在翻译中运用不同的方法来处理定语从句。
二、教学要点：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的翻译方法
三、教学过程：
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用，在意义上与先行项密切不可分。如被省去，主句的意思就含糊不清，甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。
1. 定语词组
①I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided.我只有一盏指路明灯。
②the thread which bound her so lightly to girlhood and home were irretrievably broken ……而那些把她和少女时代以及故乡轻轻系住的柔丝，不得不就此断绝了。
翻译这类从句，常常是将关系词省去，在句未加―的‖字，放在被修饰项之前。当然，也可视其情况不用―的‖字，如①和②。这种译法用得普遍，尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。
2. 并列从句
1）省略英语的先行项
①The lungs are subjected to several diseases which are treatable by surgery.肺易受几种疾病的侵袭，但均可经手术治疗。
③As a result,a hum of gossip was set going which moved about the house in that secret manner common to gossip.结果就造成一阵闲话，暗中在公寓里流传，闲话一般都是如此的。
④A will had been made which divide the small tax –eaten property equally among the remaining four, so that it was really of no interest to any of them.遗嘱已立好，把这片快要给税吃光的薄产平分给四个孩子，但谁都对此不感兴趣。2）重复英语的先行项
①At dinner I found myself placed between Mrs. Bradly ,and a shy girl who seemed even younger than the other.席间，我发现自己坐在布拉得雷太太和一腼腆的女孩子中间；她看上去比其余人都年轻。
②A writer——in fact every one of us in life——needs that loving-mother force from which all creation flows …一个作家——实际上生活中的每个人——都需
要慈母的力量，它是创造一切的源泉。
③Man possesses an expressive faculty that goes far beyond gestures, that allows and even compels him to express his thoughts, feelings, dreams, and intuitions.人类具有远远超过于手势的表达官能，这种官能不仅使人能够，而且使他要把思想、感情、幻梦、直觉表达出来。
这些先行项的重复，有时用的是代词如①②，有时用的是限定词如③。汉译时，需重复先行项的地方，就要重复。否则会影响意思的连贯和清楚。
我们一般采用分述法将带定语从句的英语复合句译成并列分词。分述法就将主句和从句分开翻译的方法。此方法除了将定语从句译为并列分句外，还译为状语从句。
3. 状语从句
让我们来看看下例该怎么译：
He insisted on building another house which he had no use for.
上例能译成―他坚持再建一座他不用的房子‖或―他坚持再建一座房，这房他不用‖吗？显然不能，因为这样的译文令读者莫名其妙。这两种译文是套用定语词组和并列分句形式而译的，然而错了。
正确的译文是：他虽自己不用，但仍坚持再建一座房。
此句之所以这样译，是因为它含有状语从句的意思。英语定语从句——尤其是非限制性定语从句——有时兼有状语从句的职能，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等等关系。
兹再举几例说明限制性定语从句所表示的状语意思：
①I think it will grow even on non-irrigated land where there is a forest belt.我想即使在没有灌溉的土地上，只要有一条树林带，它还是会生长的。（表条件）②In a personal sense ,I think of my eldest daughter , whose birthday is today .就个人来讲，我想到我的大女儿，因为今天是她的生日。（表原因）
4. 独立句
①He paid that peculiar deference(尊重，顺从) to women which every member of the sex appreciates.他对女性殷勤令每个女人所赏识。
②What were the hopes and dreams that had made of them the incredibly stubborn warriors?
是什么希望，什么目标，什么理想使他们成为顽强到令人难以置信的战士呢？翻译英语There be 句型和带定语从句的复合句时，常用溶合法。溶合法就是把原主句的主语同定语从句溶合在一起而译成独立句的方法。溶合法要求改变句子的构造形式。具体作法是，将原主句的的词或词组用作独立句的主语，再将定语从句用作谓语，这样便译成独立句，如①将He paid that peculiar deference to women 压缩译为―他对女性的殷勤‖而定语从句―which every member of the sex ap preciates‖译为谓语―令每个女人所常识‖。
5. 复合宾语
①I also found on the ground near the tracks of the lamed groups of ants which were rulling grains of corn.我还看见骆驼的脚印边有许多的蚂蚁在拖玉米粒。
②He did not find any one in the house who particularly cared to see .他认为家里没有人特别想知道的。
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句同其先行项之间的联系是松散的。它不是先行项的必不可少的组成部分，而仅是对先行项作些描写或补充说明。非限制性定语从句前常有逗号将它与主语分开。非限制性定语从句也主要是采用前面已说过的分译法和溶合法来译。它常驻被译为并列分句、独立的和状语从句，偶尔还可译为定语词组等。
1.译成并列分句
1) 译成并列分句，省略先行项
①Wait a minute, said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up.―等一会儿！‖老板说道，说罢便打开火腿包，拿出一只，开始剔骨头，并用绳子缚起来。（省主语）
②Carrie reached home in high good spirits，which she could scarcely conceal.嘉莉兴高采烈地回到家，想掩饰也掩饰不住。（省主语）
2) 译成并列分句，重复英语的先行项
②He came within the meaning of a still newer term ,which had sprung into general use among Americans in 1880…他其实适合于一个更新的名词，那个名词1880年在美国人中突然流行起来……
2. 译成独立句
①It has long been my wish to encounter one of the oldest civilizations in
earth .I have come amidst you from Egypt ,On the banks of the Nile ,which also has a most ancient civilization .我一直向往着要同世界最古老的文明会晤。尼罗河畔的埃及也有着最古老的文明，我正是从那里来到你们中间。
②You've given Feldstyn, who dislikes me any how ,the chance he was waiting for .费尔德丁反正讨厌我，你给他的机会正是他求之不得的。
3. 译成状语从句
①These actions, which have aroused universal and unreserved disapproval, must nevertheless give us a pause.这些行动，虽已激起普遍而毫不掩饰的反对，却也使我们举棋不定。（表让步）
②In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved.在两国发生争端时，如与该两国皆友好，则应避免卷入。（表条件）。
③Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity , offers very little resistance.铜的电阻很小，因此被广泛用于输电。（表结果）
4. 译成定语词组
As I came in, Mike, who owned the taxi that used to stand at the corner of our street ,waved to me from a table.我进去时，那个开出租汽车的麦克坐在一张桌子那里向我招手，他的车子经常就停在我们街角上。
非限制性定语从句主要是译成并列分句、独立句和状语从句这几种形式，这与它的作用——仅是对先行项提供一些补充说明——有关。难怪《新编英语语法》（修定本）指出：在意义上，非限制性定语从句相当于一个并列分句，可以完全脱离主句而独立出现。
综上举例可以看出，定语从句可用―分述法‖和―溶合法‖进行翻译，形式有定语词组，并列分句、状语从句、复合宾语等。这些形式是英译汉的主要―框架结构‖，并非全部―标准答案‖。在具体和翻译实践中，我们应该视其不同情况，选用不同的形式或作灵活变通处理。
定语从句翻译技巧精编版
定语从句翻译技巧公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
定语从句翻译技巧 在英语中, 定语从句很常见, 翻译时如不进行仔细分析就会出现误译。通过实例对定语从句的翻译技巧做一探讨, 并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念, 即定语从句定语化, 定语从句谓语化, 定语从句状语化。在把汉语翻译成带有定语从句的英语时，中国学生常常会受到母语的影响会出现误译。因此我们要对比英汉两种语言，以便避免汉语的负迁移。 一英译汉时定语从句翻译中的易错点 英语中的定语从句是在句中起形容词作用的结构, 通常分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。进行英译汉翻译时如不进行仔细分析，就会造成误译。比如，下面两个句子仅有一个逗号之差，含义却不同： His brother who is a soldier is eighteen years old now. His brother, who is a soldier, is eighteen years old now. 第一句应译为：他那个当兵的哥哥今年十八岁了。（含义为：他不止一个哥哥。句中的限制性定语从句起到限定的作用。） 第二句应译为：他的哥哥今年十八岁了，他在当兵。（含义为：他只有一个哥哥。句中的非限制性定语从句起到补充说明的作用。） 定语从句在英语中大量出现, 它有长有短, 结构有简有繁, 对先行词的限制有强有弱, 定语从句有时起着补充说明和分层叙述的作用, 或在逻辑上表示原因、目的、条件, 让步和结果等意义。在语序上, 英文定语从句置于先行词之后.。所以汉译时必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念, 合理安排译文的语序。 二英译汉时定语从句的翻译方法 英语定语从句虽然种类繁多, 变化复杂, 但一般均可以用以下三种方法翻译。
初中英语定语从句翻译练习
初中英语定语从句翻译练习 1.我们去年在医院一直照顾take care of的老太太死了. 2.你想娶marry的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包。 3.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。 4.你喜欢的女孩就是我喜欢的女孩。 5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite今天又被你家狗咬了。 6.你知道他打算娶reason你的原因吗7.我讨厌hate我住过的那个旅馆hotel。8.我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天autumn。9.他爱了20年的那个女孩昨天嫁marry人了。10.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。11.有什么事我能帮你吗12.昨天死的那个老太太留下了100万美圆。13.那个医生告诉我他为我爹什么也做不了了。 14.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页. 15.正像老师昨天说的那样，他没有通过考试。16.正像我们刚才讨论的那样，学习英语很容易。17.正像我妈昨天告诉我的那样，我的女朋友根本不爱我。18.正像你知道的那样钱是非常重要的。20.你知道你们家狗要死的原因吗21. 她就是那个到明年年底，会攒一万美圆的那个女孩。22. 你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗 1.那本绿皮的书是关于太空的. 2.这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 3.北京是我的出生地 4.你还记得我第一次见到你的那一天吗? 5.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了 6.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方 7.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 8.这是她买的第三个手机 9.有没有我能帮忙的事? 10.我喜欢能使我放松的音乐 11.他们租了一间窗户坏掉的房子 1.The book which has a green cover is about space. 2. 2.Is this the reason that he refused our help? 3. 3.Beijing is where i was born. 4. 4.Do you still remember the day that i first met you? 5. 5.His father died the year he was born. 6. 6.It is not so easy for him to find the place where he lived 40 years ago. 7.7.The thief gave all that he stoled to the police at last. 8.8.This is the third cellphone that she buyed. 9.9.Is there anything that i can help? 10.10.I like music which can make me feel easy. 11.11.They rent a room whose windows are broken 1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
定语从句翻译练习学生用
高一定语从句补充资料 1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____,for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A.which B. who C. where D. Whom 2. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A.which B. who C. where D. What 3. By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A．which B．when C．what D．that | “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 将下列句子合并为含定语从句的句子。 Example 1: T hey reached the top of the mountain. Above the mountain appeared a rare rainbow． T hey reached the top of the mountain，above which appeared a rare rainbow． 1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months. " The sailing time of the journey was 226 days. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _of which_ the sailing time was 226 days. A.of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 2. The English play at the New Year's party was a great success My students acted in the play. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 3. We went through a period. — Communications were very difficult in the rural areas in that period. We went through a period in which communications were very dificult in the rural areas．我们经历过一段乡村地区通讯非常困难的时期。 was educated at the local high school. He went on to to Peking University after the local high school. He was educated at the local high school，after which he went on to Peking University．在当地中学毕业后．他上了北京大学。 5. For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further. New York is all example of the cities． For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further,of which New York is all example． 在世界上，对于许多城市来说，再也没有空间可以进一步延伸出去了。纽约就属于这种情况。
定语从句的翻译二
定语从句的“并列套用” 中文里“本位词”和“外位语”如何翻译成英文 英文短句的翻译方法 中英文事实和评论的关系 英文中四种句子的翻译方法 中英文关联词的使用和英文中人名地名的翻译 中英文的一个重要差异：中文是动态性语言，善于用动词；英文是静态性语言，善于用名词 定语从句的翻译二 This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. 这种假设基于人性中内在懒惰的谬论，实际上，除了不正常懒惰的人以外，很少有人不愿意挣只比最低生活费多的钱，也很少有人愿意无所事事，而不去工作。
第一步：断句 This assumption rests on the fallacy/ of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually,/ aside from abnormally lazy people,/ there would be very few/ who would not want to earn more than the minimum,/ and who would prefer to do nothing/ rather than work. 并列套用： 中心词+ 定语1 + 定语2 + 定语3 + 。。。European’s today, like Americans 200 years ago, seek a world where strength does not matter so much, where unilateral action by nations is forbidden and where all nations regardless of their strength are protected by commonly agreed rules of behavior. 当今的欧洲人，就和两百年前的美国人一样，寻找这样一个世界，在那里，武力并不是最重要的，禁止由国家发起的单边运动，所有国家不论其实力，都受到普遍公认的行为准则的保护。 第二步：翻译 假设是基于这样一种谬论：人性中存在着天生的懒惰。
定语从句翻译
1.李昂就是那个决心清除社会上所有坏蛋的职业杀手。 Leon was a professional killer who was determined to get rid of all the bad guys in the society. 2.玛蒂尔德就是那个父母都已离世的可怜的小女孩。 Mathilda was a poor little girl whose parents both died. 3.足球是一项培养孩子跟别人合作的团队活动。 Football is a team work that trains children to work with others. 4.你想见的那个人住进了这家宾馆。 The man whom you want to see checked in this hotel. 5.这是我们昨天参观的那家工厂。 This is the factory (which/that ) we visited yesterday. 6.我昨天收到的那封信是我的一个朋友寄来的。 The letter (which/that) I received yesterday was from a friend of mine. 7.他常常回忆起童年在乡下跟爷爷去河边钓鱼的日子。 He often recalls the days of his childhood when he and his grandfather went fishing by the river. 8.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 This is the house where Lu Xun once lived. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in. 9.我们不知道他没有来的原因。 We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. We don’t know the reason that he didn’t show up. (×) 10.中国政府正在大力发展农业，农业的重要性现在已是人人皆知。 Chinese government is trying to develop agriculture with great efforts, the importance of which is now known to everybody. 11.会议延期了，而这正是我们所希望的。 The meeting was put off, which/as was exactly what we wanted. 12.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. This is the best film (which) I have ever seen. (×)
定语从句的翻译
定语从句翻译 13. 【2012上海】在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate) 1. At the exhibition, the company's sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys that children were looking forward to. 14. 这本书对我帮助很大，特别是在好印象是必须的工作中。（help greatly, expression, a must） 2. The book has helped me greatly, especially at work where a good impression is a must. 15.我认为学生应当参加社区活动，在活动中他们可以为成长获得经验。（involve oneself in, community activities, gain experience） 3. I think Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 16. 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。 4. I will never forget the days (that/ which) we spent together. 6.【2010湖北】母亲对我所做的一切如此自豪，她奖赏我去北京旅游一趟。（so proud of, all, reward, trip）5. My mother was so proud of all that I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. 7. 这个就是我一直在寻找的那本书。( the very book ) 6. This is the very book that I have been looking for. 8.【2004上海】我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(…it…, cooperate, stick to) 7. I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. 9.在那边扫地的那个女的是谁？(Who, sweep the floor) 8. Who is the woman that is sweeping the floor over there? 10.她已不再是过去的她。 9. She is no longer the woman (that) she used to be. 11.如果有你一个人不能克服的困难，你可以向你的父母或朋友求助。（ any difficulty, overcome, turn to 10. If there is any difficulty (that) you can’t overcome alone, you can turn to your parents or friends for help. 7. 【2013湖北】上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。(through the course of, meet, two of , influence) 11. Through the course of my schooling , I met many teachers , two of whom influenced me greatly. 8.参观你所在的城市是一次难忘的经历，一次我将永生珍视的经历。（visiting your city, experience, one, treasure for the rest of my life） 12. Visiting your city is an unforgettable experience, one I will treasure for the rest of my life. 9.那些树，树枝几乎秃了，都有数百年了。（branches, bare, hundreds of ） 13. those trees, whose branches is nearly bare, have hundreds of years. 6.起初，我认为李老师有点怪，因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题。（kind of odd, such questions as）14. At first, I thought Mr li was kind of odd, because he was always asking such questions as no one could answer. 7.他不是一个把今天能做的事拖到明天做这样的一个人。（such a man, put off…until tomorrow） 15. he isn’t such a man as put off what he can do today till tomorrow. 8.在我生日那天，我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼物。（receive as good a gift） 16. On my birthday, I received as good a gift as my mother had promised. 9.我在他的书包里发现了我前几天丢的那支钢笔，这支笔是我朋友送给我的生日礼物。我怒不可遏了。（the same, a gift from, contain my anger） 17. I found in his schoolbag the same pen that I lost the other day, which is a special gift from my friend, and I couldn’t contain my anger. 10.英语是如此有用的一门语言，世界上许多人都在学它。（so useful, learn it）
定语从句用法归纳完整版
定语从句用法归纳标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]
定语从句用法归纳 篇一：定语从句的用法一、定语从句的有关概念所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 那什么是关系词呢其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来“引导”，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系 为了更好地理解定语从句，我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前，我们先来看看关系词有哪些。根据关系词在定语从句中的作用，我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。类似地，关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个，即when, where和why。许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊，关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单，简单得可以划一个等号。因为，关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词，它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解，下面我们来看几个例子吧。I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词，who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句；在定语从句中，who是关系词，它在定语从句中用作主语，从意义上说，它在
定语从句翻译技巧
定语从句的翻译方法 根据汉语的表达习惯及对原文的忠实度，翻译这类定语从句可以采用以下几种方法1.1前置合译法( 前滚翻)：若定语从句较短，较简单，与名词（先行词）的关系紧密（一般来说，紧密的，为限定性从句；不紧密的，为非限定性从句），限定性定语从句及少部分非限定性从句( 较短且有描述性的非限定)，一般将从句提在先行词之前，译成“。。。的” 1）The action it takes at any moment can’t be predicted,and people find that disturbing. 它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见，这使人们觉得有些乱。 2）I was, to borrow from John Le Carre, the spy who was to stay out in the cold. 借用的话来说（插入语，作状语，译成汉语时，放在句首），我成了一个被打入冷宫的间谍。 3）There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life. 全世界人民过上幸福生活的那一天（终究）是会到来的。 4）The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下干活的员工怕他怕得要死。 5)We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome. 给我们留下极深印象的是：（同位语的翻译）即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人，对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。 6)One explanation for the pig-eating taboo is that pork that is not cooked sufficiently may spread a disease called trichinosis. 对禁食猪肉的一种解释是：如果未被煮透的话，猪肉可能会传播一种叫旋毛虫病的疾病。 7)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。（98考研）
定语从句句子翻译练习
定语从句句子翻译练习集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
定语从句翻译练习1. 我绝不能理解他犯这样一个严重错误的原因。 _______________________________________________________________________ ___ 2. 他们来到一座小房子，房子前面坐着一个男孩。 _______________________________________________________________________ ____ 3. 把我们带向体育馆的那条路又宽又长。 _______________________________________________________________________ ______ 4. 造成这次事故的驾驶员是谁？ _______________________________________________________________________ _______ 5. 这是你必须注意的那个单词。 _______________________________________________________________________ ___ 6. 他是那个唯一擅长跳舞的学生。 _______________________________________________________________________ ______ 7. 他把我打了，这是我没有预料到的。 _______________________________________________________________________ ______
(完整版)定语从句翻译练习(综合版)
定语从句翻译练习（综合版） 1.我有一位非常喜欢音乐的朋友。 2.我将永远记住在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 3.英语是全世界都使用的语言。 4.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的运动。 5.今天是我们经历过的最寒冷的一天。 6.你需要做的第一件事就是学习英语。 7.玛丽所指的是哪一幅画。 8.那班我正在等的火车现在已经晚了半小时。 9.我们在街上遇见的那位女士是我们的数学老师。 10.他告诉我侦探们他们想要知道的所有事情。 11.这是我第一次遇见我班主任的地方。 12.我们发现一家餐厅，那里的食物精美可口。 13.那是你借给他钱的男士吗？ 14.这是你必须改掉的习惯。 15.你照顾的所有的孩子都喜欢游泳。 16.我有一位同学，他的母亲是一位著名的歌唱家。 17.我住在一间窗户朝北的房间里。 18.这首诗正如人们所知道的那样，这首诗是由汪国真写的。 19.他为什么缺席的原因不明确。 20.我真的很喜欢甜食，这就是我牙齿不好的原因。 21.正像老师昨天说的那样，他考试及格了。 22.正如刚才讨论的那样，学习英语很容易。 23.我将永远记住呆在农村生活的那段日子。 24.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。 25.你知道他打算出国留学的原因吗？ 26.我讨厌我住过的那个旅馆。 27.我永远也忘记不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天。 28.她是我见过的最善良的女孩。 29.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页。 30.昨天在购物中心，我遇到了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。 31.人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。 32.这就是我们昨天参观过的那个图书馆。
参考答案 1. I have a friend who likes music very much. 2. I will always remember the teacher who taught us chemistry at high school. 3. English is the language which is used all over the world. 4. Football is a sport that/which most boys like. 5. Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever had. 6. The first thing (that) you need to do is learn English. 7. Which is the picture (that) Marie refers to? 8. The train (that) I was waiting for is now half an hour late. 9. The lady (whom/that) we met in the street is our math teacher. 10. He told me all (that) detectives wanted to know. 11. This is the first time (that) I met my class teacher. 12. We found a restaurant where the food was delicious. 13. Is that the man (that) you lend money? 14. This is the habit (that) you must change. 15. All the children (that) you care for are fond of swimming. 16. I have a classmate whose mother is a famous singer. 17. I live in a room whose windows face north. 18. This poem, as is known to all, is written by Wang Guozhen. 19. The reason why he was absent is not clear. 20. I really like sweet food. That's the reason why I don't have good teeth. 21. As the teacher said yesterday, he passed the exam. 22. As we have just discussed, learning English is very easy. 23. I will always remember the days when I lived in the countryside. 24. The book which was written by Mr. Sun is the best book in the world. 25. Do you know the reason why he plans to study abroad? 26. I hate the hotel where I stayed. / in which I stayed. 27. I will never forget the autumn when we lived and studied together. 28. She is the most kindhearted girl (whom/that) I have ever met. 29. This is the page where you can find the answer. 30. Yesterday at the shopping center, I met the professor (whom/that) I met at a party. 31. People will always remember the time when Hongkong and Macao returned to the motherland. 32. This is the library (which/that) we visited yesterday.
定语从句的翻译
定语从句的翻译 英语中的定语从句根据它们对主句的限制和影响，分为限制性定语从句，和非限制性定语从句。无论哪种，一般都放在所修饰的中心词之后。在翻译成中文时，为符合中国人的语言表达习惯，既要读起来上口，有便于理解，多数情况下将较短的限制性定语从句译为前置定语。较长的或非限制性定语从句，要视具体情况，可以译成并列的分句，或独立成句。 一。限制性定语从句 绝大多数限制性定语从句一般译为前置定语或并列句。 1。译成前置定语 1）Everything that is around us is matter. 我们周围的一切都是物质。 2）Those who sacrifice themselves for the people’s cause are the real heroes of history. 为人民的事业牺牲自己的人才是历史上真正的英雄。 2。译成并列句 1）I have some good ideas which wouldn’t suit you. 我有一些好主意，怕对你不适用。 2）He was one of the earliest English grammarians who paid attention to this problem. 他是英语语法学家，而且是最早注意这一问题的。 二。非限制性定语从句 1。译成并列句 1）Captured documents, which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner-of –war reports that we have obtained in recent months, let us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially. 我们从经由这个走廊地带渗透进来的个别人身上缴获了一些文件，近几个月又从战 俘那里得到了各种口供，我们相信渗透的规模已大幅度地扩展。 2）Anybody is better than Mack, who has neither honor, nor ability, nor capital. 谁都比麦克强，他既没名誉，又没能力，也没资金。 2。译成独立句 1）The following March, Henry was fifty-five years old, due for retirement, and had been offered an outside job, which would give him nearly twice his secretary’s salary with his pension. 翌年三月，亨利已经55岁，该退休了，但外面已经有人聘用他，新职的待遇加上他 的养老金要比他当秘书的薪水多一倍。 2）He thought to better his circumstances by marrying a young woman of the French nation, who was by profession an opera-girl. 他想娶个法国女人来改善环境，那女人是个唱歌剧的年轻姑娘。 三。其他 由于汉语习惯上不使用长句，因此无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，都可以把原文较长的定语从句拆开译成并列句或独立句。使译文通顺流畅，条理分明。关系代词的翻译可根据具体情况，灵活处理。 1）Last week I wrote a letter to Vice-President, who had been a famous professor
定语从句的用法并翻译例句
定语从句的用法并翻译例句 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代 词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 用于指人或指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that作主语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.作主语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.（作宾语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ 3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who 代替whom，也可省略。 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？（作宾语） 译：_____________________________________________________________ 【注意】 （1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。 This is the house in which we lived last year. 译：_____________________________________________________________
英语语法之定语从句
定语从句 1.1 定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词： 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。 关系词：重复指代先行词，起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词称为关系词。关系词有两个作用： 1.代词的作用：重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充当一定成分，比如I don’t like people who never keep their word.中的who指代people并且作从句的主语。 2.连接作用：即连接主句和从句，如上句who起着连接主句I don’t like people 和从句who never keep their word 的作用 1.2 关系词在定语从句充当的成分 在上一节中，在谈到关系词的“代词作用”时，提到它“重复指代先行词并且在定语从句中充当一定的成分”。因此接下来的分析思路是，以关系词为出发点，从两个角度来谈定语从句：一是关系词在从句中所能充当的各种不同成分；二是关系词与先行词的对应关系，即不同的先行词要由不同的关系词来指代。 1.2.1 关系词用作从句的主语 1. I like guys and they have a good sense of humor. ↓ 2. I like guys w h o have a good sense of humor. 点睛：这里的关系词who取代and they，来引导定语从句who have a good sense of humor,修饰名词guys。这个guys就是先行词。 翻译：我喜欢有幽默感的男生。 3. Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments. 翻译：愤怒就如同一个窃贼，盗取了我们的幸福时光。 4. He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty, nor wise at fifty, will never be handsome, rich or wise. 翻译：一个人若在20岁时不俊美，30岁不健康，40岁不富有，50岁时不明智，那么他将永远不会拥有这些。 5. There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so ; but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool. 翻译：幸福与智慧区别于此：认为自己是最幸福的，他真的就是最幸福的；而认为自己是最有智慧的，他却往往是最大的傻瓜。 6. Of course I am not talking about easy-come-easy-go friendship. I’m talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living. 翻译：当然了，我这里所说的的友谊不是那种“来的快去的也快”的泛泛之交，而是那种彼此之间能真正互相关心的朋友，就能够互相支持的朋友，能够让你的人生更有意义的朋友。 1.2.2 关系词用作从句动词的宾语（relative pronoun as object of verb） 关系词除了像上面讨论的在定语从句中作主语外，还可以在从句中作宾语。