2018广州二模地理试题及答案只是分享

2018广州二模地理试题及答案只是分享
2018广州二模地理试题及答案只是分享

2018年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)

文科综合(地理)

一、选择题:

冰川学上的雪线是指降雪量与消融量达到平衡的界线。天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川(西支)的上、下界高度分别为4486米和3810米。下图是四个时段冰川物质平衡分布统计图,据此完成l~3题。

1.5~8月该冰川雪线的波动范围是()

A.3810~3950米 B.3950~4020米 C.4020~4120米 D.4120~4210米2.5~8月该冰川降雪量的分布特点是()

A.从3810~4486米递增 B.从3950米向上、下递增C.从3950~4486米递减 D.从4210米向上、下递减3.该冰川补给的最主要季节是()

A.春季 B.夏季 C.秋季 D.冬季

2017年12月我国成功进行了开发干热岩资源试验。干热岩是指埋藏于地下3~10千米,没有水或蒸汽、致密不渗透、温度在150℃以上的高温岩体。它是一种新兴地热资源,可广泛用于发电、供暖等。据此完成4~6题。

4.干热岩主要属于()

A.岩浆 B.喷出岩 C.沉积岩 D.侵入岩5.我国干热岩最主要分布在()

A.东南沿海 B.华北地区 C.西北内陆 D.青藏高原6.与传统地热资源相比,干热岩()

A.开发难度小、成本低 B.埋藏较浅、分布广

C.无季节变化、污染少 D.产业链短、效率低

1946~1964年美国出生婴儿高达7600万人,这个群体被称为“婴儿潮一代”。“婴儿潮一代”对美国的政治、经济、文化有着巨大的影响。下图是1970年和2000年美国人口年龄金字塔统计图,据此完成7~8题。

7.引起“婴儿潮一代”人口高增长率的最主要原因是()

A.战后经济恢复和发展 B.鼓励生育的人口政策

C.实行宽松的移民政策 D.新时期科学技术革命8.随着“婴儿潮一代”步入中年期,美国人口增长特点转变为()A.快速增长 B.负增长 C.稳定增长 D.零增长

铁盖乡地处黄河上游龙羊峡地区,由于气候变化、超载放牧等原因,土地沙漠化率高

达98.5%。黄河上游水电开发公司瞄准这片荒地建立光伏电站,几年后光伏产业园的草地植被得到了缓慢恢复。为避免草长高影响光伏发电,公司要求牧民返回草场牧羊。光伏牧羊互补逐步进入了良性循环,其农业模式经验得到推广。据此完成9~ll题。

9.黄河上游水电开发公司在铁盖乡建立光伏产业园的最主要原因是()A.气候变干,白昼时间增长 B.接近水电站,水电和光电互补

C.土地面积大,劳动力廉价 D.利用草场资源,光伏牧羊互补10.光伏产业园促使土地生产力恢复的最主要原因是光伏板能够()A.降低风速,减少蒸发 B.增加反射率,气温升高

C.提升地温,增加降水 D.调节气温,增大日较差11.草场恢复促使光伏发电量大增的最主要原因是()

A.蒸发增强,湿度增加 B.气温升高,风力减小

C.沙尘减少,晴天增多 D.降水增加,气温降低

二、非选择题:

(一)必考题:

36.阅读图文材料,完成下列要求。(24分)

近年来,云计算、大数据、人工智能已经成为世界经济发展的新引擎,各行各业的大发展都需要有数据中心的支撑。数据中心是指在一个物理空间内实现信息的集中处理、存储、传输、交换和管理,它包括数万台计算机设备、服务器设备、网络设备、存储设备、供电系统和冷却系统等。

美国达尔斯市(如下图所示)位于哥伦比亚河峡谷的出口处,是因兴建电站而发展起来的小镇。2005年初,当地政府批准谷歌公司以187万美元购买12万平方米土地,兴建全球数据处理能力最强的超大型数据中心。

(1)根据数据中心设备运行的特点,指出其选址的自然条件。(6分)

(2)分析数据中心落户达尔斯市的原因。(8分)

(3)阐述数据中心建设对达尔斯市经济发展的有利影响。(6分)

(4)为适应绿色环保发展的要求,推测全球数据中心布局的发展趋势。(4分)

37.阅读图文材料,完成下列要求。(22分)

热量资源是指某一地区在特定的气候条件下所能提供的热量多少。一般把气温高于0℃的部分,如无霜期、≥10℃的积温等“热量”,看作农业生产的有利条件。而把低于0℃的部分,如霜期等“冷量”,看作农业生产的限制条件,甚至作为灾害。

河北省沧州市海兴县由于地下水盐度高,缺乏淡水资源,盐碱地广布。海兴县根据盐度与结(融)冰的关系(如下图所示),进行咸淡分离,成功改造了盐碱地。他们利用“冷量”资源的经验是:在每年10月平整高低不平的土地,1月份气温低于.5℃后,开始使用海水灌溉农田,直至海水结冰厚度达20~25厘米为止。3月份开春冰层完全融化下渗后,及时全田覆盖农用薄膜,然后种植作物。

(1)描述盐度与结(融)冰的关系。(6分)

(2)分析海兴县农田上覆冰层盐度垂直分布的特点。(6分)

(3)海兴县利用“冷量”资源,海水灌溉农田成功“脱盐”,阐释其原理。(6分)(4)说明海兴县开春后全田覆盖薄膜的作用。(4分)

(二)选考题:

43.【地理——选修3:旅游地理】(10分)

邮轮旅游是用邮轮将一个或多个旅游目的地联系起来的旅游方式。现代邮轮(如下图所示)就像是流动型的大酒店,集食、住、行、娱、购于一身,使游客获得舒适的享受。近年来,随着我国经济高速发展,邮轮旅游风潮正在兴起,使我国旅游产业从游览观光逐渐向观光结合休闲度假的方式转型升级发展。

与传统旅游方式比较,分析邮轮旅游方式的优点。

44.【地理——选修5:环境保护】(10分)

永久冻土是指0℃以下,并含有冰的各种岩石和土壤。它已经被冰封数千年、甚至几十万年,里面充满着死亡植物等有机物质。青藏高原是多条大河的发源地,由于海拔高、气温低,拥有面积广袤的永久冻土层。最新研究结果表明:青藏高原上主要河流温室气体(二氧化碳、甲烷)的排放通量处于世界的中高水平,引起了一系列环境问题。

分析青藏高原上主要河流温室气体排放通量大的原因及其影响。

参考答案

1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.C

36.(24分)

(1)计算机等设备需要空气洁净度较高,尘埃较小的天气条件(2分);寒冷的气候利于数据中心散热降温(2分)接近河流或者海洋,通过水冷却数据中心的设备(2分);接近风、水、光能源产地,利于能源供给(2分)。(每点2分,3点共6分)(2)政策支持(2分);土地廉价(2分);水电站,提供有丰富、廉价的水能(2分);接近河流、通过河水循环冷却设备热能(2分)。位于河谷,空气清新、尘埃较小(2分)。(每点2分,4点共8分)

(3)增加就业(2分)、外来大量专业技术人员刺激房地产业发展(2分);利于达尔斯市从水电、旅游和航运产业向计算机云计算、互联网等高新技术产业转型(2分)。(每点2分,3点共6分)

(4)向绿色环保能源产地集中,例如水电、风电、光电等可再生能源,减少能源生产过程中的二氧化碳排放(2分)向高纬(气候寒冷)、海洋、河流等地区集中,减少数据中心运转中设备排热对城市的影响,减弱热岛效应(2分)。(每点2分,2点共4分)

37.(22分)

(1)海水冰点随着盐度的增加而降低(3分);海水在结冰时,含盐分对较低的海水先结冰,盐分高的后结冰(3分);海水在融冰时,含盐较高海冰先融化,盐度较低的后融冰(3分)。(每点3分,答2点可满分)

(2)海水在结冰时,首先把其中的盐分析出,由于冰密度较海水低,冰漂浮在海水的上方(3分),而剩下的海水盐度越来越高。由于气温在-5℃时,远低于海水冰点,因而海水继续结冰,下面海水盐度进一步升高,直到最后全部结冰为此(3分)。所以,冰层盐度分布自上而下逐渐升高(3分)。(每点3分,答2点可满分,共6分)(3)根据冰(融)点和盐度温度规律,含盐高的冰首先融化(3分),基本不含盐分

的淡水冰最后融化(3分)。所以,最后融化的淡水通过下渗,把土壤中的盐分带至深层(3分),从而使表层土壤盐分大大减少或者脱盐,适合农作物生长(每点3分,答2点可满分,共6分)。

(4)减少蒸发(2分),保」持地下水稳定(2分),避免土壤下层盐分上升到表面(2分)。(每点2分,答2点可满分,共4分)

42.(10分)旅游地理

交通方面(3分)

传统旅游:旅游时间大部分花在了交道旅途上;

邮轮旅游:是一座移动的“度假村”,不会感觉交通工具给人带来的疲惫,从景点观光向休闲度假方式转变。

酒店住宿方面(3分)

传统旅游:每天需要换酒店,行李搬运繁琐;

邮轮旅游:整个旅途中酒店固定,安逸舒适。

餐食方面(3分)

传统旅游:传统旅游绝大部分的餐饮属于快餐性质;

邮轮旅游:在邮轮上提供多样的中西菜品多元化餐饮,从快餐式向多样性餐饮方式转变。

娱乐方面(3分)

传统旅游:一般的陆地行程,在路途中娱乐空间较少;

邮轮旅游:邮轮在行驶中,船上配套设施非常完善,多样化满足娱乐需求。

自由舒适方面(3分)

传统旅游:从头到尾跟着导游,不可随意脱离队伍;

邮轮旅游:邮轮则可以根据自己的喜好选择岸上不同时间段的观光行程,在邮轮上享受悠闲时光。

(注每个方面比较3分,至少3个方面的比较才能满分)

43.(10分)环境保护

全球变暖使青藏高原永久冻土融化(2分),土中的有机物通过水循环迁移到河流(2分),有机质在河水运动过程中加速分解(2分),释放出大量二氧化碳、甲烷等温室气体(2分)。河流释放温室气体同时也促使气温上升,从而引起气候变暖与温室气体之间不断强化的恶性循环现象(2分)。

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