七上第一章《科学入门》单元测试

七上第一章《科学入门》单元测试
七上第一章《科学入门》单元测试

七上第一章《科学入门》单元测试

一、我会选(每题2分,共25题)

1、科学家对自然界事物的存在、发展和变化的研究方法是()

A、科学家就在实验室里研究自然界的现象,得出科学结论

B、科学家提出问题,收集资料,把考察、实验结果记录下来,分析论证,得出结论

C、科学家就在野外考察得出结论

D、科学家就在图书馆里查阅资料得出科学结论

2、下列实验操作正确的是()

A、为了节省药品,实验结束后将剩余的药品放回原试剂瓶

B、为了节省火柴,用一盏酒精灯去点燃另一盏酒精灯

C、向酒精灯里添加酒精时,不超过酒精灯容量的2/3

D、用嘴熄灭酒精灯

3、下列单位换算过程正确的是 ( )

A、7.2m=7.2×100=720cm.

B、7.2m=7.2m×100=720cm.

C、7.2m=7.2×100cm=720cm.

D、7.2m=7.2m×100cm=720cm

4、在用刻度尺测量物体的长度时,下列要求不正确的是()

A、测量时,刻度尺不能歪斜

B、不能选用零刻度线磨损的刻度尺

C、读数时,视线应垂直刻度尺

D、记录测量结果时,须在数字后注明单位

5、刻度尺测某同学身高为163.0厘米,如用米为单位,则数据结果应记录为( )

A、1.63米

B、1.6米

C、1.630米

D、163米

6、下图是用厚刻度尺测量木块的长度,其中,正确的是()

7、木尺受潮后膨胀,用它来测量物体的长度时()

A、测量值将比真实值小

B、测量值将比真实值大

C、测量值将与真实值一样大

D、测量值与真实值谁大谁小将无法判断

8、用量筒测量液体体积时小明采用俯视读数法,读出液体的体积为35毫升,

则此液体的真实体积将比35毫升()

A、大

B、小

C、一样

D、都有可能

9、有甲、乙、丙三种量杯,它的测量范围和最小刻度分别是:甲:500毫升,10毫升;乙:100毫升,1毫升;丙:50毫升,1毫升,现要测量体积约为40厘米3的酒精体积,选择上述哪一种量杯进行测量好?()

A、甲

B、乙

C、丙

D、三种都可以

10、下列是用量筒量取一定量液体的一些操作,其中不正确的是()

A 、当量筒放置在较低桌面上,不便于观察读数时,把量筒举起,与视线平行后读数。

B 、读数时,视线与量筒内凹形液面的最低点保持水平。

C 、向量筒内倾倒液体,当液体接近刻度时,改用滴管向量筒内滴加液体。

D 、首先要选一个量程合适的量筒,把其放在平稳桌面上,并使量筒刻度线正对自己

11、0℃的冰与0℃的水相比较()

A、0℃的冰比0℃的水冷

B、0℃的水比0℃的冰冷

C、0℃的水与0℃的冰冷热程度相同

D、以上说法都正确

12、某同学从气温计上读得当时的气温为—5℃,则下列读法中正确的()A、零下5度 B、负摄氏5度 C、零下5摄氏度 D、负5度

13、如图所示,温度计的示数读作()

A 、28℃ B、—28℃ C、 12℃ D 、—12℃

14、用体温计测得小明的体温为37.3℃,若没有把水银甩回玻璃泡就去测量小英和小刚的体温,如果小英和小刚的实际体温为37.1℃和38.4℃,那么两次测量结果应该是()

A 、37.3℃和38.4℃

B 、37.1℃和38.4℃

C 、37.1℃和37.4℃ D、 37.3℃和37.4℃

15、下列现象中,质量发生变化的是()

A、冰熔化成水

B、由宇宙飞船把种子带到太空

C 、把菜刀表面磨光 D、把铁丝拉长

16、一位中学生的质量最接近于()

A、 0.5吨 B 、5×107毫克 C、5×103克 D、500千克

17、以下是某同学使用托盘天平称量物质时的操作方法,错误的是()

A、取用砝码用镊子夹取

B、称量完毕后把砝码放回砝码盒中

C、砝码放在右盘 D 、称量时,先加质量小的砝码,再加质量大的砝码

18、一台天平的砝码由于使用不当,粘上了许多灰尘并且受潮生锈了,利用它测量物体质量比良好的天平测量的结果()

A、偏大

B、偏小

C、相同

D、通过正确的读数,结果会相同

19、用托盘天平称量物体的质量时,将被称物体和砝码放错了位置,若天平平衡时,左盘放有50克砝码一个和20克的砝码2个,游码所对的刻度值是4克,则物体的质量为()

A、94克 B 、90克C、 86克D、 84克

20、托盘天平调节好后,在称量时发现指针偏在标尺中央的左边,这时()

A、把右端的平衡螺母向右旋出一些

B、把左端的平衡螺母向左旋出一些

C 、向天平右盘中增加砝码或将游码向右移动

D 、将天平右盘中砝码减少

21、课间操每天从9点30分开始,到9点45分结束,一共15分钟,下列说法中正确的是()

A、9点30分、9点45分指的是时刻,15分钟是时间间隔

B、9点30分、9点45分指的是时间间隔,15分钟是时刻

C、9点30分、9点45分、15分钟指的均是时间间隔

D、19点30分、9点45分、15分钟指的均是时刻

22、用手表测量某同学的脉搏为每分钟75次,则该同学的心脏每跳动一次所用的时间为()

A、0.8秒

B、0.08秒

C、0.6秒

D、1.33秒

23、下列过程所经历的时间最接近一秒的是()

A、人的眼迅速眨一下

B、人正常呼吸一次

C、人的心脏正常跳动一次

D、人正常步行10米

24、下列器材不能用来显示时刻的是()

A、机械手表

B、电子手表

C、钟

D、机械停表(秒表)

25、自2002年11月16日,中国广东佛山发现第一起后来称为SARS(非典型肺炎)的病例以来,中外科学工作者联合研究5个月的时间,于2003年4月16日找到了引起非典型肺炎的元凶——冠状病毒,中外科学工作者这种联合研究说明科学探究过程需要()

A、提出问题

B、合作与交流

C、制定计划

D、检验与评价

二、我会填(每空2分,共19空)

26、给下面的一些数据填上适当的单位:

(1)一枚硬币厚度为2.1__________

(2)一瓶矿泉水的体积是500 __________

(3)一个鸡蛋质量约为50__________

(4)百米赛跑世界记录约为10__________

27、桌上有盛水的玻璃杯请选用合适的仪器:用测出玻璃杯的高度,用测出水的体

积,用测出杯和水的总质量。

28、人体正常体温约为_________°C,一般体温计测量范围是_______°C到________°C。用

一支准确完好的体温计在无任何操作下去测量正常人的体温,发现读数为38.25°C,造成读

数不对的原因是_________________。

29、如图所示,温度计读数为:甲:__________;乙:__________

乙:

30、某同学用天平测量一块不规则的铁块的质量

(1)请写出图中托盘天平主要结构的名称:

①、__________ ③、__________

(2)称量前要明确天平的__________ 。使用天

平时,取放砝码应用__________;潮湿物品或化学药品__________(填“能”或“不能”)直接放在托盘上。

(3)用托盘天平称取一盛有试剂的烧杯,

若右盘上放有100克的砝码1个,50克

砝码1个,20克砝码2个,游码位置如图所

示,天平指针在刻度盘的中间。则烧杯和试剂总质量为__________克。

三、实验与探究题(每空2分,共6空)

31、老师在课堂上做了下列的实验,把一个生鸡蛋放入一杯清水中,鸡蛋沉入杯底,往清水中溶入少量食盐,鸡蛋仍沉在杯底,继续溶入食盐,鸡蛋慢慢浮上上面。根据这个实验事实,请你猜想鸡蛋在水中的沉浮和什么因素有关?________________________,不用其他工具,你还能用另外的办法使杯底的鸡蛋浮上水面吗?____________________________________________。

32、阅读下文:

在美国科罗拉多州,有一天,有7个孩子突然病倒了,并伴有腹泻、胃痛、发烧、呕吐等症状。数日后,又有43人出现了相同的症状。化验结果显示,所有的患者都感染了一种能够通过染菌的肉或蛋传播的细菌。那么孩子们是怎么感染上病菌的呢?为什么有些孩子感染了,而另一些孩子却没有?研究员认为这些细菌来自于某些染菌的食物。他们对孩子们进行了询问。但孩子们说:他们没有在一起吃饭!

那么孩子们一起参加过什么活动呢?调查发现,他们去动物园参观了蜥蜴展览。研究员经检查发现了一只蜥蜴确是此病菌的携带者。但展览的动物是不许触摸的,又怎么会感染到孩子们身上呢?于是,研究员仔细询问了孩子们在展区的活动,并将他们提供的信息与那些没有得病的孩子进行比较,发现洗过手的孩子没得病,而没洗手的孩子则病了。对信息的进一步筛选和分析发现,凡是接触过木栅栏又没洗手的孩子都病了。而对木栅栏的检验的确发现了该病菌。原来孩子们得病的过程是这样的:他们爬上围护蜥蜴的木栅栏,没有洗手就直接吃了东西,病菌就由口腔进入了他们的体内。研究员在研究上述病因时:

①提出的问题是_______________________________________________________;

②建立的假设是_______________________________________________________;

③收集的证据是

_______________________________________________________;

④作出的结论是_______________________________________________________。

单元测试答案

1-5BCCBC 6-10BABBA 11-15CCDAC 16-20BDBCC 21-25AACDB

26、毫米,毫升,克,秒27、刻度尺,量筒,天平28、37,35,42,体温计使用前没有甩过29、-23,37.6 30、托盘,指针,量程,镊子,不能,193.2克31、鸡蛋在水中的沉浮可能与含盐量有关,加醋等32、(1)为什么有些孩子感染了,而另一些孩子却没有?(2)这些细菌来自于某些染菌的食物。(3)

孩子没有在一起吃饭。他们去动物园参观了蜥蜴展览。研究员经检查发现了一只蜥蜴确是此病菌的携带者。发现洗过手的孩子没得病,而没洗手的孩子则病了。对信息的进一步筛选和分析发现,凡是接触过木栅栏又没洗手的孩子都病了。(4)一只蜥蜴确是此病菌的携带者。孩子们爬上围护蜥蜴的木栅栏,没有洗手就直接吃了东西,病菌就由口腔进入了他们的体内。

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