[精]中考英语语法详解丨分词
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中考英语语法详解丨分词
I．要点
分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。过去分词的句法功能：
１、作定语
I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.
The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine. ２、作表语
When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.
I'm interested in this book.
３、作宾语补足语
I'm going to have my bike repaired.
When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.
4、作状语
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.
△现在分词的句法功能
1、作状语
Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful. Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.
2、作宾语
I hate being spoken ill of.
He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.
3、作表语
Seeing is believing.
The book is interesting.
4、作宾语补足语
I noticed him crossing the street.
Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen.
5、作定语
Do you know the man writing a letter?
The worker running a machine is my brother.
△分词使用中的几个问题：
1、现在分词的完成式
Having cleaned the room, I went out.
2、现在分词的否定式
Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.
3、现在分词与过去分词的不同现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成
I found the man killed there.
I found the man standing there.
4、have结构
We have the car repaired.
We have repaired the car.
We have Tom repair the car.
We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.
5、分词作表语
We were excited at the news.The football game is exciting.
6、独立主格结构
It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.
II．例题
例1、Time_______，I'll go on a picnic with you.
A. permit
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permitting
解析：该题答案为D。Time permitting…是独立主格结构，意为"如果时间允许的话…"
例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.
A. Ask
B. To ask
C. Asked
D. Asking
解析：该题答案为C。主语she是被问。
专升本英语语法重点汇总
专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型
高英语语法专项练习：过去分词
过去分词专项训练 Part1: Fill in the blanks 1. When_______(ask) why he was late, he went red.(脸红了) 2. Deeply ____ (move) by the story, she began to cry. 3. He walked out of the house，_______ （follow）by his pet dog ______(name )Snoopy. 4. When______ (travel), you should take care of your health. 5. Although________ (shock) at the nationwide milk crisis, many mothers still showed they would choose the brands of milk powder cautiously instead of saying “no” to it. party. 6. Even if______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening = Even if I______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening party. 7 _______(dress )in white, she looks really pretty. 8 ________(see) the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of his good old days. 9 Can you see the boy ___________ (question) by the police now? 10 The building ___________ (complete) at the end of this year will be our library. 3. At last the man managed to make himself ___ with his ____ French. A. understood; broken B. understand; break C. understanding; breaking D. understand; broken 4. _____ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, the computer is playing a more and more important role in social life. A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. Consider 5. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 6. Daring, Can’t you get _________ quickly, only fifteen minutes for the party! A. changing B. change C. to be changed D. changed 7. We must study as much as possible to meet the needs of a _________ world we face. A. ever-changed B. ever-change C. ever-changes D. ever-changing 8 The ________ story of the hero _______ everyone to tears. A. moving; moved B. moving; moving C. moved; moved D. moved; moving 9. After the storm there were quite a few ______ trees on the ground. Many people saw them ______ down when the storm came up. A. fallen; fall B. fallen; fallen C. fallen; to fall D. falling; fall 10. To our great grief, there were more than 10 million people _______ in the Wen Chuang earthquake. A. killing B. to be killed C. killed D. having been killed em big at all. 11 _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t se A Compare B When comparing C Comparing D When compared 12. If one third of a person’s blood _______, they may die. A. lost B is lost C. is losing D. loses tudents ____ outside to come in right away. 13. It’s time for the class meeting. Tell the s A. playing B. to play C. played D. who play 14. ____ drivers are a danger to the safety of the public. A. Drank B. Drunk C. Drinking D. Drink - 1 - / 3
《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—代词的知识点总复习附解析
一、选择题 1．As for__________students from Grade 9, the biggest __________ is learning how to take care of ourselves as well as improve our grades. A．us , challenge B．Our, chance C．we , choice 2．—Do you like thrillers or comedies, Mike? —___________. I think action movies are the most exciting. A．Both B．None C．Either D．Neither 3．—Did you buy a large house? —No, not really, at least not as large as ______. A．yours B．your C．you 4．—Hi, Anna. Are these your sister’s pencils? —Oh, no. They’re not ______. A．her B．him C．hers D．his 5．—Hurry up! The bus is coming. —Wait a moment, please! Let me check if there’s ________ left. A．anything else B．important something C．other things 6．---What do you think we can do for our aged parents? ---You don’t have to do __________except to be with them and be yourself. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 7．— Is there anything to drink in the fridge? — No, there is _____ left. A．all B．both C．neither D．none 8．His name is James but he calls ________Jim. A．his B．himself C．him D．不填 9．—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? —_______is OK. I’m busy today and tomorrow. A．None B．All C．Both D．Neither 10．A smile costs , but gives much, so always keep smiling! A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 11．Be careful and try to make mistakes next time. You will get a better grade. A．few B．fewer C．little D．less 12．--- Which sweater do you prefer, the red one or the blue one? -- _______. I think I like the green one best. A．Neither B．Both C．Either D．All 13．—Shall we meet at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning? —I won’t be free then .Let’s make it ______day. A．other B．the other C．another D．others 14．Life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups will mean A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing
英语语法 -ing分词的用法
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英语语法详解ed分词(三)
英语语法详解ed分词（三） Her eyes filled with tears, she did not notice his ing. 18) This , we went out to play. ［A］ was done［B］ did［C］ was dong［D］ done 19) all his followers dead, the mander was taken by his enemy. ［A］ For［B］ As［C］ Because of［D］ With 1) B为正确答案。空档前是一完整的句子，在没有连词的情况下，不能填充A和D；根据题意，"利息"是"通过…(被)挣来的"，有被动之意，所以选B。 2) B为正确答案。此句的意思是"房子"被"遗弃，没人住"，是被动的意义，而A和C都不符合这一点。D是动词不定式，一般表示将来或具体动作，所以D也不对。 3) D错。应去掉多余的"is"，使-ED分词"examined"作后置定 语修饰"object"。C处并没有错。"present"是形容词，它与后面的 成分构成形容词短语修饰限定前面的"the ratio…carbon"。 4) D为正确答案。这句话前半句的-ED分词相当于一个时间状 语从句"When he was inaugurated a second time …"，主句的主语应当是人，所以A和D为可能选项，但A中的look forward to后应跟名词，那么只有D为正确选项。 5) A为正确答案。本句的意思是"在显微镜下看，雪花……"，显然这里的看是"被观察"之义。B、C、D都表示主动，A为正确选项。
中考英语语法讲解资料及练形容词
中考英语语法讲解资料 及练形容词 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
中考英语语法讲解资料及练习 第3讲：形容词 Spring is coming. The trees are green, and the flowers are beautiful. 多么美的季节啊！我们要去郊游, 去感受、去描绘我们周围美好的事物。形容 词会帮你忙。可是形容词怎么使用起来老出错呀不是放错了位置，搞错了级 别，就是在使用多个形容词作定语时排错了顺序。当然了，形容词使用时需要 遵循一些规则的。想知道吗接着往下看。 a beautiful little new white wooden house 从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作 定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律：冠词或人称代词 所有格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。 There is something wrong with my bike。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮，为 什么wrong放在 something的后面呢原来虽然大部分形容词做定语时的位置是放在名词之 前的，但当形容词所修饰的词为something，anything，nothing，everything 等以-thing为字尾的词语时，形容词要后置。 形容词级别问题： a. Our classroom is twice larger than theirs。（我们的教室是他们的两倍。）这种表示倍数的句子用…times +形容词比较级+than …这样的格式。你记住了吗 b. I'm three years older than you.（我比你大三岁。）表示"大三岁，"" 高二厘米"等时用"表示数量词的词+比较级"。 c."越来越……"用"比较级+and +比较级"来表示。如：The earth is getting warmer and warmer。（地球变得越来越暖和。） d."越……就越……"用"the +比较级…，the+比较级…"来表示。如： The busier he is，the happier he feels。(他越忙，越觉得高兴。) 最高级用法的用法就很简单了，提醒你一点，最高级要用于三者以上。还有几点是不得不提的： alone 和lonely：I feel lonely, because I am alone at home. 你独自一 人在家用 "alone" 表示"单独的"、"独自一人的"，它表示一个客观事实，在句中只 能做表语。你在家感到寂寞， 用"lonely"，表示主观上感到 "孤独""寂寞"，指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪，可作定语和表语。 older和elder: Jack is older than me, he is my elder brother.杰克 比我大要用"older"，表示"年纪大的，年老的"，常用做表语；他是我的长兄用
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(过去分词)
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
非谓语动词-ed分词
学习必备欢迎下载 20XX届高三英语语法复习(11) 非谓语动词---过去分词(III) 一、不规则动词过去分词表 (1)AAA型 cost（花费）cost cost cut（割）cut cut hit（打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurt hurt let（让）let let put（放）put put read （读）read read (2) AAB型 beat（跳动）beat beaten (3) ABA型 become（变成）became become come（来）came come run（跑）ran run (4) ABB型 dig（挖）dug dug get（得到）got got hang（吊死）hanged hanged hang（悬挂）hung hung hold（抓住）held held shine（照耀）shone shone sit（坐）sat sat win （赢）won won meet（遇见）met met keep （保持）kept kept sleep（睡）slept slept sweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉）felt felt smell（闻）smelt smelt leave（离开）left left build（建设）built built lend（借出）lent lent send （传送）sent sent spend（花费）spent spent lose （丢失）lost lost burn （燃烧）burnt burnt learn（学习）learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住）caught caught teach（教）taught taught bring（带来）brought brought fight （战斗）fought fought buy（买）bought bought think（想）thought thought hear （听见）heard heard sell（卖）sold sold tell（告诉）told told say（说）said said find（找到）found found have/has（有）had had make（制造）made made stand（站）stood stood understand明白understood understood (5) ABC型 begin（开始）began begun drink（喝）drank drunk ring（铃响）rang rung sing （唱）sang sung swim（游泳）swam swum blow（吹）blew blown draw （画）drew drawn fly（飞）flew flown grow（生长）grew grown know（知道）knew known throw（投掷）threw thrown show（出示）showed shown break（打破）broke broken choose（选择）chose chosen forget（忘记）forgot forgotten (forgot) speak（说，讲）spoke spoken wake（醒）woke woke drive（驾驶）drove driven eat（吃）ate eaten fall（落下）fell fallen give（给）gave given rise（升高）rose risen take（取）took taken mistake（弄错）mistook mistaken ride（骑）rode ridden write（写）wrote written do（做）did done go（去）went gone lie（平躺）lay lain see（看见）saw seen wear （穿）wore worn be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been 二、形式与含义
英语专升本考试重点复习内部资料 (专升本英语语法,词汇,阅读理解、翻译)
语法七大语法考试重点 一独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
动词-ed分词的用法讲解
动词-ed分词的用法 一、基本概念 1.分词的定义 1.动词的-ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don't touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 （excited people 被激动了的人） We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师。）过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3）过去分词做状语： -ed 分词和-ing 分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when 或while 来强调时 间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市
中考英语语法点整理
中考英语语法讲解资料及练习目录 第1讲：名词...................................................................................................1-3 第2讲：代词....................................................................................................3-5 第3讲：形容词.................................................................................................5-7 第4讲：副词....................................................................................................7-10 第5讲：动词..................................................................................................10-12 第6讲：不定式..............................................................................................12-13 第7讲介词....................................................................................................13-17 第8讲：连词..................................................................................................17-21 第9讲：时态(一) (22) 第10讲：时态(二).......................................................................................22-28 第11讲：被动语态........................................................................................28-30 第12讲：句子种类（一） (30) 第13讲：句子种类（二）............................................................................30-32 第14讲：宾语从句........................................................................................32-33 第15讲：状语从句........................................................................................33-35 第16讲：就近原则........................................................................................35-36
专升本英语词汇和语法
1. _______ born in China, the boy was brought up in the USA. A. Although B. Since C. As D. When 【翻译】虽然这个男孩是在北京出生的，但却是在美国长大的。 ［考点］状语从句 【精析】 A 分析句意可知，本句应为although引导的让步状语从句，表示“虽然，即使”的意思。因为主从句主语和谓语一致，所以从句中although后省略了“the boy was”。although与but不能同时出现。since和as均引导原因状语从句，as也可引导让步状语从句，但是需用倒装形式；when引导时间状语从句。 2. _______ is known to all, haste makes waste. A. What B. That C. As D. Which 【翻译】众所周知，欲速则不达。 ［考点］词语搭配 【精析】 C 常用搭配“As is known to all”意思“众所周知”，是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代逗号后面的整个主句，并在从句中充当主语。如：As is known to all, war is serious.众所周知，战争是残酷的。 3. That is the very old woman _______ house was burned down last night. A. which B. her C. of whom D. whose 【翻译】这正是那位老妇人，她的房子昨晚被烧掉了。 ［考点］定语从句 【精析】 D whose为关系代词，指人，是先行词old woman的所有格，在从句中充当house的定语。 4. Hardly had he finished his speech _______ the audience started cheering. A. than B. then C. when D. as soon as 【翻译】他刚一演讲完，观众就开始欢呼。 ［考点］词语搭配 【精析】 C 固定搭配“Hardly...when...”表示“一……就……”，另有“no sooner...than”和“Scarcely...when”均表示相同的意思。 5. _______ the book, he found out some answers to this question. A. As he reading B. At his reading C. As reading D. On reading 【翻译】刚读这本书，他就发现了这个问题的答案。 ［考点］词语搭配 【精析】 D on doing意为“一……就……”。此处的on相当于as soon as,引导状语从句。表示从句中的动作的时间比主句中动作的时间稍提前一点。 6. The spacecraft will send back _______ on surface winds and temperatures. A. many new information B. some new information C. a new information D. a few new information 【翻译】太空飞船将会发送一些新的关于表面风和温度的信息。 ［考点］词语搭配
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(现在分词)
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（现在分词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 现在分词长什么样？就是动词的进行时ing形式； 如果是及物动词，还可以跟它的宾语和补语； 现在分词可以充当定语、状语、补语，是非谓语的动词，不能充当主语、宾语；动词进行时ing形式充当主语或宾语，恰恰是动名词的事儿。 1、现在分词可以充当定语 This is a moving story. The girl standing over there (who is standing over there) is my daughter. 2、现在分词可以充当状语，多为时间状语从 The lawyer listened with full attention, trying not to miss any point. 现在分词引导时间状语从句，相当于： The lawyer listened with full attention, when he tried not to miss any point. Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well. 现在分词引导时间状语从句，相当于： After Carter had lived in Beijing for many years, He knew the city well. 3、现在分词可以充当补语，对主语或宾语进行补充说明 (1) Don’t have your students studying all day. (2) The movie is very interesting.
英语 -ED分词 的用法
-ED分词 -ED分词 -ED分词（-ED Participle）即传统语法所指的“过去分词”（Past Participle）, 是非限定动词之一。 -ED分词有两种形式：规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。规则动词形式由规则动词＋-ED 构成；不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。在语法功能上，它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING 分词相同，可以作表语，定语，状语，也可以用在复合结构中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含义是“被动”的。-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。 一、-ED分词与-ING分词的区别 虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ED分词表示被动的意义而-ING分词则表示主动的意义；-ED分词表示已经完成和被动的动作而-ING分词则表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而-ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING 分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。 1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态 The book is quite interesting. I am interested in the book very much. The play is more exciting than any I have ever seen. That piece of land lay deserted. 2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况 1) Having been served lunch，_________ . ［A］the problem was discussed by the members of the committee ［B］the committee members discussed the problem ［C］it was discussed by the committee members the problem ［D］a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee (B) 2) _______for her anthropological(人类学的) research，Margaret Mead also was involved with(涉及) the World Federation for Mental Health. [A] She is noted primarily [B] Noted primarily [C] Primarily is noted [D] She primarily noted (B) 3) Considered one of the leading poets in America today，___________ . ［A］a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez ［B］Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays ［C］a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written ［D］there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez (B) 3. 作定语时，①-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；