大学生英语作文分析(一)

大学生英语作文分析(一)

摘要:英语写作是英语学习重要的一个环节,写作从两个方面受到干扰:一个是受母语思维的干扰,再就是受英语水平不够的干扰。文章也提出了提高英语协作的对策。

关键词:思维;写作;扰;英语

英语写作的总原则应该是:简洁,紧凑。要写好英语作文,首先要尊重人家的语言习惯。因为语言也象人一样,是有尊严的。法国作家都德的著名短篇小说“最后的一课”归根结蒂讲的就是语言的尊严。英语作文也有与写汉语作文相通之处:平时多读,要先构思,要学会“推敲,”(通过反复朗读自己的作文)。也要学会熟读及背诵规范的英语课文可以使我们无形中掌握单词,语法和句法。如上海外语教育出版社出版的《大学英语》,我们从1987年用到2004年,那套教材里的课文是值得熟读或背诵的。

一、使用词典及注重阅读

词典是学习一门语言的工具,很多学生学英语没有经常查英语词典的习惯,这是不良的学习习惯,应该多多使用词典。有的语言学家认为甚至看一个学生使用什么样的词典就可以判断的的学习水平。我认为首选的应该是经济实惠的英汉双解词典,如:《郎文英汉双解活用词典》(LONGMANACTIVESTUDYENGLISH-CHINESEDICTIONARY)(上海译文出版社,32元),然后再过度到使用英英词典。当然,查名词通常需要借助汉英词典。在查英语词典的时候我们还应该学习的是词语的搭配。如:

becauseof后只能接名词词组(做宾语),because后只能接表示原因的从句。学习单词时请记住英语单词的词性。如bribe可以是名词,也可以作为动词来使用。如:Thebanktellerbribedhisbanker.(银行出纳员贿赂他的上司)Thebankerwaschargedwithtakingbribesfromthebankteller.(银行经理被指控接受出纳员的贿赂)Thegovernmentfightsagainstthebribery(政府打击行贿受贿)。学习词的时候一般情况下不要孤立地学,否则容易忘记。尽量作到“词不离句,句不离文。”有的学生写作文的时候从英语词典里找到他们需要的词。这并不是明智的学习英语写作的方法。或者根据自己的汉语思维将要表达的意思写出来,写出来的英语往往给人感觉非常蹩脚而不自然。前提是他在写作文以前到没有大量的阅读中去吸取知识的养分,培养语感,就象蜜蜂不采蜜就酿不出蜜的道理一样。

二、善用词汇提高写作水平

句子是由词组合而成的。有的学生在写英语作文的时候,喜欢用生僻的词,认为这样可以得到高分。我觉得这似乎有些“为赋新诗强说愁”的味道。如Ideem(我想),而不用Ithink.一位美国的心理学博士LoisGail 认为:deem通常不可以取代think.因为deem是英语中非常正式的说法,包含了判断和权威。她用英语讲解:IncurrentEnglish,“deem”isveryfo rmalandalmostconnotesjudgmentandauth ority.Itisnotcommonlyusedasasubstitutefor“think.”用什么样的词要分场合。如果是一个非常庄严肃穆的场合,可以用deem,但如果表达个人对

某一问题的看法,还是要用think合情理些。

有的学生写作文的时候反复用一个词组,会给人枯燥的感觉。如:Everymorning,Igetupearly,thengotodosomesports.Doingsportsmakesmehe althyandsmart.作文中的用法都是正确的,但更好的则是:Everymorning,Igetupearlytoplaybasketballorgosomejogging,whichmakesm ehealthyandenergetic.中国学生在英语作文中喜欢用的一个英语表达法dosomesports(从事体育运动),是从中学英语课本学来的。可是在现代英语里,这个表达法几乎没有人使用了。如果从事体育运动,就具体表达成:playbasketball,playfootball.等等。

三、善用句型提高写作水平

写作文首先是从写正确的句子开始。一个句子从语法上讲是指由大写字母开始,由名词,动词或词组构成的一个陈述句,祈使句,惊叹句和疑问句。由句号,疑问号或惊叹号来结束。表示一个意思讲完了,它表示停顿和呼吸。音乐的乐谱讲“乐句,”一个乐句弹奏完了要停顿一下是一样的道理。要注意的是很多(包括美国)学生在写英语作文的时候,不知道英语的句号要用在引号前面。正确的例句如:Shesaid,“Youareagoodgirl.”这一细节请注意。有的学生写英语作文喜欢用复合句,认为这样不容易出错。其实,很多学生连简单的英语句子都不能保证写对的时候,就写出来些错误的复合句。这就象一个小孩还没有学会走路就开始学跑步,肯定是要跌跤的。我认识一位美国的高中英语教师,美国文学学士TempleSterling女士认为将英语作为外语

来学习的学生还是先学会使用简单句然后再学习复合句也不迟。(一)尽量使用基本句型

英语句子结构的特点是:相对于德语,法语,俄语,英语“比较简单,自然,合乎逻辑思维的自然顺序。”(李赋宁《英语学习经验谈》147页)。要写好英语作文首先要掌握基本的英语句型:英语千变万化的句子归根到底都离不开以下这五个基本的句型。(《大学英语》:语法与练习第一册第1页)通常情况下,一个句子的关键在于动词。有人提出的观点是:动词是一个句子的灵魂。

1.Maryisanurse.SVC(主——动——主补)

2.Theflowersareblooming.SV(主——动)

3.Ihaveapen.SVO(主——动——宾)

4.Themotherwillbuythegirlabike.SVOi(间接宾语)Od(直接宾语)(主——动——间宾——直宾)

5.Theparentsconsiderthechildagenius.SVOCo(主——动——宾——宾补)

英语中的系表结构也很常用。如:Youlookhappy.look与happy构成系表结构。

(二)活用英语连词

英语里有些短语就象水泥一样把整个段落的构连架连接起来。如:表示结果:asaresult,consequently,therefore,etc.incontrast,however,etc.递进:furthermore,inaddition,etc.总结:inaword,inbrief,inshort,etc.转折:but,inspiteof,etc.原因:because,becauseof,让步:though

(三)学会使用平行结构

平行结构相当于汉语里的排比结构,它是英美人喜欢使用的一种语言结构,即将相类似的词或者动词结构放在一起,这样不容易出错,并且排列整齐,营造出一种气势。根据一个美国老师的观点,如果一个中国人向英国或是美国的公司用写英语求职信,会使用平行结构的人将会被优先录用。

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十句作文范文背诵 原因篇 作文要求考生对某社会现象或社会问题进行解释。 Sample 1: Why College Students Take a Part-Time Job 1.最近几年越来越多的大学生加入打工的队伍 2. 为什么大学生要打工 3. 大学生打工 的意义 (1) According to a recent survey, about 25 percent of Chinese college students now hold a part-time or temporary job, compared with nearly none 10 years ago, and this figure increases to 72 percent during summer vacation. (2) College students are seen waiting on tables, clerking in stores, advertising in streets, teaching in families and doing whatever work they can find. (3) Why do they want odd jobs – jobs usually requiring little skill and knowledge? (4) The primary reason, I think, is money. (5) Feeling the pressure of soaring inflation as books, movies and bus fares have all gone up in price, there is scarcely a young boy or girl who does not want to earn a little money to help cover the increasingly higher college costs, and at best save enough to go travelling or buy things they have long desired. (6) In this way they hope to be economically independent and avoid the indignity of having to ask for money again and again. (7) Besides they want to gain some experience in the ways of society. (8) Students growing up from nursery school to college only know about books and have trouble dealing with realities. (9) Working on a part-time basis can provide them with a rare opportunity to know the outside world and prepare them for a future career. (10) The significance for college students of doing a part-time job means more than money and experience: It will broaden their outlook and exert a profound influence on their personality and life. 理由篇 叙述理由和分析原因是属于同一类型的英语议论文。所不同的是后者是解释某一社会现象或社会问题,而前者则解释写作者——我,为什么要干某事或不干某事。 Sample 1: The Most Unforgettable Person I Ever Knew 1. 我生活中最难以忘怀的人是…… 2. 为什么他(或她)一直在我心中 3. 结论 (1) In my life I have met many people who are really worth recalling. (2) But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever knew is my Chinese language teacher. (3) What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities. (4) First of all, I was attracted by his lively wit. (5) I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs. (6) Second, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer – an awakening of a passion for learning. (7) He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of Chinese and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deeper in this field. (8) Finally, I was deeply impressed by the respect he showed for us. (9) As he treated us like friends rather than students, we all liked to visit his home for social activities as well as for academic advice.

历年上海高考英语作文及参考范文

历年上海高考英语作文及参考范文 1999上海高考作文及范例 一些学生认为学英语很重要;一些学生则认为不必学英语;我认为。。。。。。(观点、理由) Some students think it is very important to master English. They believe “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life”, Others consider English useless. They feel lear ning English is nothing but a burden to them. In my opinion, English is one of the most important subjects we learn at school. Of all subjects I like English best. There are several reasons why English is my favorite subject. First, English is one of the most widely used languages of the world. Nearly all information on the Internet and over half of the world’s technical materials are in English, thus a good command of English will greatly benefit me in my work. Secondly,it is believed that good English also leads to greater chances and opportunities. In the competition for a well-paid job, the one who can speak English has an advantage over those who cannot. For all these reasons we should not only learn English but master it in the shortest time possible. (166words) 2000年上海高考作文及范例 1。我最难忘的一课2。具体说明为何难忘3。感想 An Unforgettable Lesson In my life I have experienced many important things. But perhaps the most unforgettable thing which is really worth mentioning is the lesson given by my Chinese teacher just after she had an accident. One morning just before our Chinese lesson, we were told our Chinese teacher, Miss Liu, had had an accident. One of her legs was badly injured and she couldn’t come t o teach us. While we were planning to visit her after school, we also thought that maybe we would be free to do whatever we wanted during our Chinese lesson, and hoped our homework load would be reduced. But to our surprise, shortly after the bell, Miss Liu, with the help of a stick, came to the door of our classroom. With great respect w all stood up and greeted her. She sat on a chair and began her lesson. She spoke slowly but forcefully. She prepared her lecture quite well and demanded that we do the same. Towards the end of the lesson, we got lots of homework from her. A good teacher is many things to many people. Everyone has definite ideas about what a good teacher is. In my opinion the teachers who demanded the most from the students are perhaps liked best. (210 words)

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