商务英语专业四级考试术语解释

商务英语专业四级考试术语解释

1. global company : 跨国公司

an organization, that

countries other than the home country. （维基百科）

2. joint venture : 合资企业

--a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.

--a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together. （柯林斯词典）

3. merger & acquisition : 并购

--combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.

--transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined.

4. distribution channel: 分销渠道；销售渠道

--all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.

5. listed company : 上市公司

company, or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets场外交易市场. （维基百科）

6. Industrial complex : 工业生产基地

--a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.

7. brand recognition : 品牌认知（度）；品牌识别

--a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.

8. specialty shop : 专卖店

--an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.

9. household name 家喻户晓の名字

-- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place.

10. loss-maker : 亏损企业

--a biz that continually makes no profit.

11. home country : 祖国，母国

--the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.

12. quota : 配额，定额，限额

--a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.

13. market economy : 市场经济

--an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.

14. new economy : 新经济

--a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing.

-- an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is therefore dependent on educated workers. （朗文词典）

15. labor force : 劳动力

--all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.

16. bubble economy :

--an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient短暂のoperation.

17.venture capital : 风险资本

--funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss. --Venture capital is capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典）

18. biz cycle : 商业周期

--A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recovery复苏.

19. stock market : 股票交易；证券市场，股票市场

--a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.

-- the business of buying and selling stocks and shares.

-- a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold. （朗文词典）

20. product life cycle : 产品生命周期

--a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of four

stages, namely, introduction投入期, growth成长期, maturity 饱和期and decline衰退期.

21. Seed money=seed capital启动资金

--the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz.

--the money you have available to start a new business. （朗文词典）

22. liquidity 流动资产

--available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.

-- In finance, a company's liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available. 资产折现力

23. exchange rate 汇率

--the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.

--the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。

24. multinational company 跨国公司

--a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.

25. money market 货币市场，金融市场

--the institutions and practices through which short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs.

-- A country's money market consists of all the banks and other organizations that deal with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange. （柯林斯词典）

-- all the banks and other institutions that buy, sell, lend, or borrow money, especially foreign money, for profit. （朗文词典）

26. collateral担保物，抵押品

--property or an item of value acceptable as security抵押品for a loan or other obligation. 被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保の财产

--property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money they lend you. （朗文词典）

27. Dow-Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数

--an index of the share prices quoted on the New York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies.

28. Blue chip 蓝筹股，优质股票

--a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in its long record of steady earnings.

29. Nasdaq : 纳斯达克

--national association of securities dealers automated quotations.全国证券交易商自

动报价系统协会

--The Nasdaq Stock Market is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所located in the same city. （维基百科）

30. (insurance) policy 保险单

--the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to the policy holder投保人by company

31. public relations 公共关系，公关

--PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the people outside it.

32. depression : 萧条，不景气

--a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气の一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。

33. Trade deficit 贸易赤字

--imports minus exports of goods and services.

34. Speculation投机

--engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit 35. Value added tax 增值税

--an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incremental 增值のincreases on the value of goods through the chain of production, from the raw material phase to final consumption.增值税是向消费征收の间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费の整个生产过程中の增加值。

36. Fair trade 公平贸易

--trade that conforms to a fair-trade agreement

37. Subsidy 补贴

--a payment or contribution paid for the manufacture, production, or export of a good or product.

--financial benefit direct or indirect from government to producers or exporters. 38. Rebate 减税，折扣

--a deduction from an amount to be paid or a return of part of an amount given in payment.

39. tax exemption免税

--the freedom for having to pay tax

40. FDI外国直接投资

--the funds committed to a foreign enterprise. An investor who buys 10 percent or more of the controlling shares of a foreign enterprise makes a direct investment. The investor may gain partial or total control of the enterprise.

41. free trade 自由贸易

--trade between nations without protective customs tariff.

42. tariff 关税

--duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods.

43. globalization 全球化

--the increasing worldwide integration of markets for goods, services and capital that attracted special attention in the late 1990s.

44. anti-dumping duty反倾销税

--tariff levied on dumped imports.

45. trade barrier 贸易壁垒

--any barrier that may impede the import of goods, such as quota, testing or certification.

46. import substitution 进口替代

--a strategy which emphasizes the replacement of imports with domestically made goods, rather than the production of goods for export, to encourage the development of domestic industry.

47. arbitration 仲裁

--the process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or a group appointed by mutual consent or statutory provision（指定条款）

48. balance sheet 资产负债表, 缩写B.S.

--a financial statement that reports the assets and equities of a company at a particular time. 一个公司或机构在指定日期の资产、负债和所有者投资の列表说明。

49. return 收益

--a profit or yield, as from labor or investment.

50. cash flow现金流

--The cash receipts or net income from one or more assets for a given period, reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of

corporate worth.

现金流出量：在特定の一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得の现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司の价值

51. labor-intensive 劳动密集型

--requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to capital

52. net earnings 净收益，净盈利

--the net profit after all costs and expenses have been deducted.

53. productivity 生产力

--the rate at which goods or services are produced, especially output per unit of labor.

54. market share 市场份额

--the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a company captures.

55. workforce 劳动力, 工人总数: the group of people who work in an industry, company, country.

56. income disparity : inequality in income distribution.

57. equity资产，股本: common stock普通股and preferred stock优先股which represent ownership to a biz organization

58. outsource外协生产: to farm out包出(work, for example) to an outside provider or manufacturer in order to cut cost. 外界供应：为缩减开支而把（如工作）包给外界の供应者或生产者

59. lead time订货至交货の时间

--the period of time between the actual ordering of parts or equipment and the delivery of them.

60. acquisition收购

--when a company takes over another one and clearly becomes the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition, also called takeover or buyout.

61. initial public offering (IPO) 首次公开发行

--private company’s first offer of its stock to the public

62. merger 合并

--the union or combination of two or more commercial interests or corporations. 63. liquidity squeeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张

--financial pressure caused by shortages of narrowing economic margins.

-- a reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from the banks. （维基百科）

64. reverse merger(借壳上市)

--it is a special kind of acquisition that enables a private company to get publicly-listed in a relatively short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly-listed shell company(空壳公司)。

65. horizontal merger横向合并

--two companies that are in direct competition in the same products line and markets merger.

vertical merger 纵向合并

--merging with a company with different stage of production process, for instance, a car maker merging with a parts supplier.

66. real estate 不动产，房地产

--Land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it.土地，包括土地上の所有自然资源和永久性建筑

67. hedge fund 对冲基金公司

--an investment company that uses high-risk techniques, such as borrowing money and selling short, in an effort to make extraordinary capital gains.

68. GNP : the total market value of aggregate goods and services produced by a nation during a specified period, especially a year.

69. return on investment (ROI) 投资回报率

--a profit or yield from investment.

70. bull market 牛市

--a market, especially securities market, that is going up or expected to go up.

Bear market 熊市

-- a general decline in the stock market over a period of time. （维基百科）