英汉对照单词

英汉对照近义词

Merchants 煤商

Dealers 买进卖出商人Businessmen （广义）商人Tradesmen （英）店主Scene 特别的景象，如泰山的日出Scenery 一国一地的自然风光

Views 特别的景象

Nature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然象

Urgent 紧急

Hasty 草率

Instant 立刻

Prompt 快速；及时

Contend 搏斗；争夺(compete against sb. in order to gain sth.)

Compete 比赛；竞争(try to be more successful than another person or organization in business)

compete with sb. for sth. /compete for office（争夺公职）/ against

Struggle 斗争(try hard to achieve sth.) struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedom

Conflict 斗争（两种观点、信仰不能同时存在，不能都正确。）a conflict of opinion （分歧）;

The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。）

Hinder: make it difficult for sb. to do sth. Or for sth.to develop

High invest rates will hinder economic growth.

Preclude: (formal) prevent sth. or make sth. impossible

Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.

Detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）

Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住）

He was detained by a flat tire on his way home.

The police detained the man to make further inquiries.

Retard: (formal) to delay the development of sth. or to make sth. happen more slowly than expected.（妨碍；推迟）Cold weather retards the growth of many plants.

Bad roads retard the car （失修的公路阻滞了车速。）

Hamper: restrict sb. movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them.

Women's progress in the workplace is still hampered by male's attitudes.

Hamper sb. from getting elected.

Protract: last a long time, esp. longer than usual

Protracted negotiations 旷日持久的谈判

Protract one's stay for some weeks 多呆了几个星期

Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date

Gail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while.

The match had to be postponed.

Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen.

The football game had been cancelled due to rain.

Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.

Don't delay claiming or you may lose benefit.

Adjourn: finish or stop for a short time

The chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.

Blame for 把……归于Condemn for 谴责Accuse sb. of sth. 指责Criticize for 批判Announce 宣布；通知

Publish 发表；出版Advertise 为……做广告

Inform 告知(inform sb.of sth.)

Substitute: sth. new or different that you use instead of sth. else that you used previously. 替代品；替补Substitute teacher 代课教师

Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things. Preference: if you like a preference for sth. you like it more than another thing.

Alternative: sth. that you can choose to do or use instead of sth. else

Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods. Deceive: make sb. believe sth. that is not true in order to get what you want.

Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp. in competitive, game, exams. Dupe: trick or deceive sb. 哄骗；诈骗

Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.

Decline: refuse to do sth. （比较婉转，礼貌拒绝邀请）

Deny: She denied working for the enemy

= She said she was not working for the enemy ( NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.) Reject:拒绝申请，观点，计划

Refuse: 拒绝邀请

Turn down 拒绝（口语）

Reliable 可靠的；可信赖的（侧重于始终如一。）

Confident 有信心的

Faithful 忠实的；可靠的（侧重于“忠于……”a reliable person, a faithful fighter

Dependent 从属的；依靠的

Income 总收入

Wages 按周或日付酬

Salary 月薪；年薪

Pay 工资

Buyers 买主

Shoppers 家庭中外出购物的人

Customers 顾客

Clients 委托人

Particular: special enough to mention separately

Peculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp. in a way that is unpleasant or worrying.

Taste peculiar

Special: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important.

a special diet

unusual: different from what is usual

special ---specially or especially

specially: used when you do sth. that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose (with a passive form of a verb: a specially made)

especially: to emphasize sth. is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things, ( …, especially when…)

Preliminary 初步的；开始的（强调开始之前有准备工作）

Primary 最初的；→主要的；基本的；→没有预备

Elementary 初步的；简单的

Fundamental 基础的

Perplex （常用被动）困惑；茫然；费解Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand.

e.g. I was somewhat perplexed by his response.

Puzzle: confuse sb. or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth.

e.g. What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.

Confuse （常用被动）Make sb. feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand.

e.g. Don't give me so much information.--- you are confusing me. I was confused.

Fatigued: very tired.

e.g. fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.

Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.

Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.

Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth. is interesting, or because you have nothing to do.

e.g. Children easily get bored.

Thieves 小偷；窃贼

Burglars 潜入室内的盗贼

Robbers 强盗；贼

Bandits 土匪；强盗（常出没在山区、森林）

Synthetic 合成的

False 假的；人造的（强调替代品，与原物不一样，如假牙，人造瓒石）

Imitation 仿造的(Beware of imitation 谨防假冒)

Counterfeit 比Imitation 更贬义

Artificial 人造的（强调生产方式，如：人工降雨）

Mortal : causing death or likely to cause death e.g. mortal injures / blow / combat

Fatal: resulting in sb's death e.g. fatal accident / illness / injures

Deadly : like dead in appearance e.g. His face has a deadly paleness

likely to cause death e.g. deadly person

lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death e.g. a lethal dose of a drug

Imaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way; good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in one's mind

e.g. imaginative writer; imaginative child

Imaginable: emphasize that sth. is the best, worst example of sth. that it is possible to imagine

All, every, only

Imagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth. could be like.

Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind.

e.g. all the characters in this book are imaginary.

Reproach: ~sb. for /with sth.

blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry

e.g. Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.

Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp. a child, about sth. that have done.

Compliment: ~ sb. on sth. Say sth. nice to sb. in order to praise him

Reprimand: ~ sb. for sth. tell sb. officially that sth. they have done is very wrong.

Rebuke: speak to sb. severely, about sth. they have done wrong. [ ~ sb. for V-ing]

Chide: (literary) to speak angrily to sb. because you do not approve of sth. they have done.

Compliment

Complement : show up the good qualities in sb. or sth. or make them seem more attractive.

Empty: having nothing inside; not having people inside; not being used e.g. an empty table in the corner [ empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left home]

Blank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound; showing no understanding; for TV; stop showing any images

e.g. go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth.

Vacant: vacant seat, room → empty and available for sb. to use

Vacant job, position → empty and available for sb. to start with

Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration; not covered by clothes, by trees or grass

Deceived 欺骗

Deserted 遗弃

Desperated 绝望

Disappointed 失望

近形词

fiction 小说

fraction 一部分

friction 摩擦

function 功能；职责

tumble 跌倒

stumble 拌倒

scramble 攀登；争夺

humble 谦虚；羞辱

tremble 颤抖；担心

lilac n. 浅紫色antique violet n. 古紫色pansy n. 紫罗兰色white n. 白色off-white n. 灰白色

ivory n. 象牙色

snowy white n. 雪白色

oyster white n. 乳白色

gray n. 灰色

charcoal gray n. 炭灰色

smoky gray n. 烟灰色

misty gray n. 雾灰色

sometimes 有时

some time 一些时间sometime 曾经；有朝一日some times 几次hatch 孵化catch 捉patch 缝补match 匹配

bare 赤裸裸的；没有陈设的（揭露）rare 稀薄的；稀少的；煎的

care 小心；关心

dare 敢于

fare 车船费；乘客；伙食

hare 野兔

banish 禁止出入；驱逐出境；清除；消除（疾病）vanish 突然不见；逐渐消失

diminish 减少；贬低

admonish 警告；告诫；忠告durability 耐用性

flexibility 变通性；灵活性versatility 多才多艺；多功能hostility 敌意；敌视

co- col- com- con- cor- with (共同)

cooperate 合作

coordinate 协调

correlate 相关

correspond 相符合

collaborate 协作（与cooperate 同，但多用于科学和艺术）

observe 观察

reserve 保留座位

conserve 保护；节省

preserve 保留

deserve 值得

prior 首先的superior 优先的inferior 次要的senior 高级的junior 初级的exterior 外部的interior 内部的sparrow 麻雀swallow 燕子hollow 空的sorrow 悲伤narrow 窄的pillow 枕头arrow 箭

bold 勇敢的cold 冷的

fold 折叠；褶gold 金

hold 握

mold 模式sold 卖出told 告诉migrant 移居者

immigrant 入境移民

immigrate 作为移民定居

immigration 移居；（总称）外来移民emigrant 出境移民

emigrate 移居外国

emigration 迁移出境；（总称）移民

edge 边沿

hedge 矮树篱笆；障碍物

wedge 锲子；锲形物；事情的起因pledge 誓言；典押；保人deduce 推断；演绎

reduce 减少

produce 生产

induce 引诱；引起；导致；归纳seduce 唆使；引入歧途

preclude 排除；杜绝；阻止exclude 除外

include 包括contempt 轻视

attempt 企图

prompt 促使；推动；激起

敏捷的

form 形式

deform 变形inform 通知transform 转变conform 一致 except 除……accept 接受concept 概念percept 感知；认知

receive 收到

deceive 欺骗

conceive 含有

perceive 知觉；意识到；把……看作……(perceive … as … / take … as … / regard … as … / see … as …) achieve 获得

believe 相信

grieve 悲痛

relieve 放松

Room 房间

Doom 厄运；毁灭；定罪Boom 高潮，迅速发展Loom 织布机Intense 强烈的Intentional 有意的；故意的Intensive 精细的；强化的Intending 打算；意欲intended

detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）

Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住）Attain: succeed in reaching a particular level or in getting sth. after trying for a long time.

Retain: keep sb. or continue to have sth. e.g. retain a sense of dignity

Certain: 一定

Contain: 容纳

assure : tell sb. that sth. with definitely happen.

e.g. ~sb. that …

be ~ed of: feel certain that sth. will happen

ensure: make sure that it does happen (AmE. Insure)

e.g. Please ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the building.

Assure can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : success, safety.

e .g. The band's latest release has assured their success in the rock world.

insure: against sth. bad happening to it by paying money to an insurance company.

reassure: tell sb. that there is nothing to worry about.

e.g. The doctor reassured me that there would be no pain.

possibility 可能性

validity 有效性；正确性

reliability 可靠性

security 保障；安全感

conceivable 可想象的；可相信的able to be belileved or imagined. E.g. every conceivable means

arise: begin to happen (problem, difficulty) e.g. arise from= caused by

rise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successful

raise: e.g. raise a question; waise your voice

arouse: make you become interesting, expect sth. ; make sb. angry, afraid; wake sb.

When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise.

People or government raise / increase the price. E.g. The government is raising the tax.

Respectful 尊重别人的；有礼貌的

Respectable 值得人们尊重的；正派的

Respected 受到人们尊重的

Respective 各自的；各个的

resume 中断后重新开始

consume 消耗

assume 假定；假设；采用(think that sth. is true although you have no proof of it.

E.g. ~ responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp. an important one)

presume 推测；冒昧(think you can be sure of sth. because it is likely, although there is no proof.

E.g. ~ sb. / sth. to be sth. / be ~ed to do sth. / ~ to do sth.

resumption 恢复

consumption 消费

assumption 假定；臆断；傲慢(the assumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power) ( His air of assumption made him disliked.)

presumption 傲慢；推测；假定(disrespectful or impolite behavior that shows you are too confident)

bore V.钻孔n. 孔

core v. 使厌烦n. 令人讨厌的事

pore v. 注视n. 毛孔 a. 多孔的

sore a. 疼痛的n. 痛处；溃疡

simplify 简化

modify 更改；对某物作稍微修改使其完善

verify 证实

rectify 纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况

justify 证明……是有道理的

testify 证明

transcription: 抄写；翻译；副本subscription：捐赠；订阅；认购；prescription 药方；指令description：描述；描绘attribute 把……归因于（to ）

contribute 捐赠；投稿contribute… to有助于distribute 分发；分配

tribute 贡品；勒索的钱财；颂词

attitude 态度

altitude 高度

aptitude 天资；倾向

latitude 纬度

multitude 人群（a multitude of …许多）

descriptive 说明的prescriptive 规范的；约定俗成的

interference 干预（强调妨碍）interruption 打断

intervention 介于；在中间起作用interaction 相互作用transaction 办理；交易；学报；相反作用transmission 传送；传播；发送transformation 转换；改革

transition 变迁；过渡时期

contact 接触；交往；有影响的熟人（tact 圆滑，乖巧，外交手腕）intact 完整无缺的