广西医科大学2009级本科临床医学专业双语班系统解剖学期考题

200９级本科临床医学专业双语班《系统解剖学》期考题注意：请用铅笔按照答题卡上所列要求填涂答题卡，学号即考号（左、右对齐均可）。一定要填涂试卷类型，否则无成绩。请一定填写试卷上的姓名、学号，以便备查！

一、A型选择题(共50小题，每题1分，共50分)

在下列每题的选择项中，有5个备选答案，请选择其中最佳的一项作为答案。请在答题卡的相应题号上，把你所选的选择项字母涂黑。选择题答案写在试卷上无效。

1．Which of the following statement is not true?

A．The medial side of forearm is also named ulnar side.

B．The medial side of leg is also named fibular side (腓侧).

C．“上”means superior.

D．“下”means inferior.

E．Internal means “内”，and medial means “内侧”

2．Structures forming the terminal line are not include

A．Public tubercle (耻骨结节) B．Ischial tuberosity (坐骨棘)

C．Pecten pubis (耻骨梳)D．Arcuate line (弓状线)

E．The superior margin of pubic symphysis (耻骨联合)

3．Which of the following is true about the bony mark and its position?

A．Transverse foramen（横突孔）are situated in transverse process of thoracic vertebra

B．Superior and inferior vertebral notch are situated in vertebral body

C．Medial malleolus（内踝）are situated in the lower end of tibia

D．Lateral malleolus（外踝）are situated in the upper end of fibula

E．Obturator foramen（闭孔）is situated in ilium（髂骨）

4．The carpal bones（腕骨）are arranged in two rows. The bone at the most ulnar side of the proximal row is

A．Scaphoid bone (手舟骨) B．Pisiform bone ()腕豆骨C．Capitate bone (头状骨)

D．Hamate bone (钩骨)E．Trapezium bone (大多角骨)

5．Which of the following structure is not form an articular surface?

A．Glenoid cavity (关节盂) B．Acetabulum (髋臼)

C．Greater tubercle (大结节) D．Auricular surface (耳状面)

E．Mandibular fossa (下颌窝)

6．Which of the following structure is not touch the bed when you lie on your bed?

A．External occipital protuberance (枕外隆突)

B．Scapular spine (肩胛冈) C．Sacrum (骶骨)

D．Anterior superior Iliac spine (髂前上棘) E．Calcaneal tuberosity (跟骨结节)

7．Which of the following structure is coherence (贴于)the medial side of maxillary bone?

A．Superior nasal concha (上鼻甲)B．Zygomatic bone (颧骨)

C．Mandible (下颌骨) D．Inferior nasal concha (下鼻甲)

E．Palatine bone (腭骨)

8．The fracture of the following portion is easy to damage the nerve close to the bone, except for A．Surgical neck of humerus (肱骨外科颈) B．Shaft of humerus (肱骨中段)

C．Medial condyle of humerus (肱骨内上髁) D．Neck of fibula (腓骨颈)

E．Jugular notch of the sternum (胸骨颈静脉切迹)

9．Which one of the following can be found in the articular cavity?

A．Tissue fluid (组织液) B．Serosity (浆液)C．Synovia (滑液)

D．Mucus (粘液) E．Lymph fluid (淋巴液)

10．Which of the following joint and its Chinese-name is not match?

A．Shoulder joint－肩关节B．Elbow joint－肘关节C．Wrist joint－腕关节

D．Hip joint－髋关节E．Ankle joint－膝关节

11．Which one of the following is the extracapsular (囊外) structure of knee joint?

A．Medial and lateral meniscus (内、外侧半月板)

B．Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (前、后交叉韧带)

C．Fibular collateral ligament (腓侧副韧带)

D．Alar folds (翼状襞)

E．Suprapatellar bursa髌上囊

12．Which two joints of the following can perform the same types of joint movement?

A．Shoulder joint and elbow joint B．Elbow joint and wrist joint

C．Hip joint and knee joint D．Knee joint and ankle joint

E．Shoulder joint and hip joint

13．Which of the following statement is not true about the composition of structure?

A．Thoracic cage is formed by sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae and the connections between them.

B．The pelvis is formed by sacrum(骶骨), coccyx(尾骨), hip bone and the connections between them.

C．The costal arch is form by true ribs.

D．Vertebral foramen is formed by vertebral body and vertebral arch.

E．Intervertebral foramen is formed by superior and inferior vertebral notch.

14．Which one of the following is not a structure of muscles?

A．Muscle belly (肌腹) B．Tendon (肌腱)C．Aponeurosis (腱膜)

D．Fascia (筋膜)E．Patellar ligament (髌韧带)

15．The three muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall，from the superficial to deep, they are: A．Obliquus externus abdominis(腹外斜肌), obliquus internus abdominis (腹内斜肌), transversus abdominis (腹横肌)

B．Obliquus externus abdominis, transversus abdominis, obliquus internus abdominis

C．Obliquus internus abdominis, obliquus externus abdominis, transversus abdominis

D．Obliquus internus abdominis, transversus abdominis, obliquus internus abdominis

E．Transversus abdominis, obliquus internus abdominis, obliquus externus abdominis 16．The superficial one of the posterior group muscle of leg is

A．Soleus (比目鱼肌) B．Gastrocnemius muscle (腓肠肌)

C．Flexor pollicis longus (拇长屈肌) D．Flexor digitorum longus (趾长屈肌) E．Tibialis posterior (胫骨后肌)

17．Which one of the following flexor(屈) muscle of leg is the anterior group muscle of thigh?

A．Sartorius (缝匠肌) B．Biceps femoris (股二头肌)

C．Soleus (腓肠肌) D．Semitendinosus (半腱肌)

E．Semimembranosus (半膜肌)

18．Intramuscular injection (肌注) is given in the upper lateral quadrant of the buttock (臀部) , and the muscle the needle insert is

A．Gluteus maximus (臀大肌) B．Gluteus medius (臀中肌)

C．Piriformis (梨状肌) D．Psoas major (腰大肌)

E．Quadratus femoris (股方肌)

19．The deep group of muscles of back include (属于背肌深层的是)

A．Trapezius (斜方肌) B．Trapezius (背阔肌)C．Erector spinae (竖脊肌) D．Obliquus externus abdominis (腹外斜肌) E．Diaphragm (膈肌) 20．The main muscle abducting the shoulder joint is

A．Deltoid B．Biceps brachii C．Triceps brachii

D．Pectoralis major (胸大肌)E．Levator scapulae (肩胛提肌)

21．The superior digestive tube includes

A．Jejunum B．Ileum C．Duodenum D．Nose E．Larynx

22．The structure between the oral cavity proper and nasal cavity is

A．Cribriform plate (筛板)B．Hard and soft palate (硬腭和软腭)

C．Orbital plate (眶板)D．Nasal septum (鼻中隔)

E．Base of skull (颅底)

23．The periodontal structures(牙周组织) include

A．Alveolar bone (牙槽骨) B．Dentine (牙质)C．Cementum (牙骨质) D．Dentium nitor (牙釉质)E．Dental pulp (牙髓)

24．Which one of the following is incorrect about structure and its divisions?

A．The esophagus is divided into 3 parts. B．The stomach is divided into 4 parts.

C．The pancreas is divided into 4 parts. D．The gall bladder is divided into 4 parts.

E．The pancreas is divided into 4 parts

25．Which of the following structure is the bile (胆汁) and pancreatic juice(胰液) converge (汇合) first?

A．Common hepatic duct (肝总管) B．Pancreas (胆囊)

C．Common bile duct (胆总管) D．Hepatopancreatic ampulla (肝胰壶腹) E．Duodenum (十二指肠)

26．Laryngeal cartilages are not include

A．Hyoid bone (舌骨) B．Thyroid cartilage (甲状软骨)

C．Epiglottic cartilage (会厌软骨) D．Cricoid cartilage (环状软骨)

E．Arytenoid cartilage (杓状软骨)

27．Which of the following statement is incorrect about the laryngeal cavity?

A．It may be divided into 3 parts.

B．The vocal folds (声襞) are beneath the vestibular folds

C．The entrance is called inlet of larynx (喉口)

D．The fissure of glottis (声门裂)is the narrowest portion.

E．It connects with bronchi downwards.

28．Which one is the first-largest branch of the aorta?

A．Coronary artery (冠状动脉) B．Brachiocephalic trunk (头臂干)

C．Left common carotid artery (左颈总动脉)D．Left subclavian artery (左锁骨下动脉) E．Posterior intercostal artery (肋间后动脉)

29．Which one of the following artery can be palpated (触摸)on the body surface?

A．Thoracic aorta (胸主动脉) B．Internal iliac artery (髂内动脉)

C．Internal thoracic artery (胸廓内动)脉D．Brachial artery (肱动脉)

E．Brachial artery (椎动脉)

30．The largest one of the following artery is

A．Abdominal aorta (腹主动脉) B．Celiac trunk (腹腔干)

C．Superior mesenteric artery (肠系膜上动脉)

D．Internal iliac artery (髂内动脉) E．Renal artery

31．The vein accompanying with abdominal aorta is

A．Inferior vena cava (下腔静脉) B．Testicular vein (睾丸静脉)

C．Inferior mesenteric vein (肠系膜下静脉) D．Common iliac vein (髂总静脉)

E．Hepatic portal vein肝门静脉

32．Which one of the following is a tributary(属支) of the superior vena cava?

A．Azygos vein (奇静脉) B．Hemiazygos vein (半奇静脉)

C．Accessory hemiazygos vein D．Posterior intercostal veins (肋间后静脉) E．Subclavian vein锁骨下静脉

33．Which of the following veins have no accompanying artery?

A．Internal jugular vein (颈内静脉) B．External jugular vein

C．Subclavian vein D．Axillary vein

E．Femoral vein

34．Which vein is not easy to observe on the specimen(标本) due to the special position of it?

A．Splenic vein (脾静脉) B．Azygos vein (奇静脉)

C．Brachiocephalic vein (头臂静脉)D．Hepatic vein (肝静脉)

E．Great cardiac vein (心大静脉)

35．Which one’s route of the following vein is the longest?

A．External jugular vein颈外静脉B．External jugular vein贵要静脉

C．Median cubital vein肘正中静脉D．Great saphenous vein大隐静脉

E．Small saphenous vein小隐静脉

36．The largest lymphatic vessel is

A．Intestinal trunk (肠干) B．Right lymphatic duct (右淋巴导管) C．Infraclavicular trunk (锁骨下干) D．Thoracic duct (胸导管)

E．Lumbar trunk (腰干)

37．Which of the following gland is a lymphatic organ？

A．Thyroid gland甲状腺B．Hhypophysis (垂体) C．Pancreas (胰)

D．Tonsil (扁桃体) E．Pineal body (松果体)

38．The following words are recapitulatory terms (概括性用语), except

A．Paranasal sinus鼻旁窦B．Male urethra C．Blood vessel

D．Respiratory tract呼吸道E．Digestive gland

39．Which of the following structure can be found in the ocular fundus (眼底)？

A．Optic disc (视神经盘) B．Macula lutea (黄斑)

C．Central artery of retina (视网膜中央动脉)

D．Central vein of retina

E．Optic nerve

40．Which of the following description or English-Chinese comparison is not true?

A．Brian is also called cerebral hemisphere

B．Cerebellum—小脑C．Brain stem—脑干

D．Spinal cord—脊髓E．Midbrain—中脑

41．The inferior surface of the temporal lobe in cerebral hemisphere is contact with A．Anterior cranial fossa (颅前窝) B．Middle cranial fossa

C．Posterior cranial fossa D．Clivus (斜坡)

E．Hypophysial fossa (垂体窝)

42．The biggest bundle fiber connect the left cerebral hemisphere with the right one is A．Internal capsule (内囊) B．Arcuate fiber (弓状纤维)

C．Corpus callosum (胼胝体)D．Pyramidal tract (锥体束)

E．Association fibers (联络纤维)

43．Which of the following structure is not contained cerebrospinal fluid？

A．Ventricular system (脑室系统) B．Central canal (中央管)

C．Subarachnoid space (蛛网膜下隙) D．Terminal cistern (终池)

E．Epidural space (硬膜外隙)

44．Which of the following statement is not true about the spinal nerve？

A．It emerges through the intervertebral foramen (椎间孔) and divides into four branches.

B．Spinal nerve is formed by anterior and posterior root

C．It is mixed nerve

D．There are 31 pairs of spinal nerve

E．There are 7 pairs cervical nerve (颈神经)

45．Which of the following nerve supplies skin only (means cutaneous branch 皮支)？

A．Great auricular nerve (耳大神经)B．Axillary nerve (腋神经)

C．Phrenic nerve (膈神经) D．Obturator nerve (闭孔神经)

E．Hypoglossal nerve (舌下神经)

46．The correct description of the visceral nerve is

A．Visceral nerve is also called vegetative nerve (植物性神经)

B．Vegetative nerve is consisted of sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve.

C．The peripheral distribution（分布）of the parasympathetic nerve is much wider than those of the parasympathetic nerve.

D．The postganglionic fiber (节后纤维) of sympathetic nerve is shorter than those of the parasympathetic nerve.

E．Autonomic nerve (自主神经) innervates(支配) the skeletal muscles

47．The main artery supplies the primary somatomotor area (第一躯体运动区) of cerebral cortex is

A．Anterior communicating artery (前交通动脉)

B．Middle cerebral artery C．Posterior cerebral artery

D．Anterior cerebral artery E．basilar artery (基底动脉) 48．Which of the following statement is incorrect about the innervation of cranial nerves?

A．The temporal branch of facial nerve innervates temporalis (颞肌).

B．Trigeminal nerves are distributed to the skin of face

C．Branches of vagus nerve innervate the muscles of larynx.

D．Lingual nerve (舌神经) supply lingual muscle.

E．Oculomotor nerve 动眼神经innervates sphincter pupillae瞳孔括约肌49．The tract conveying (传导) the position sense of foot in spinal cord is

A．Fasciculus gracilis (薄束) B．Fasciculus cuneatus (楔束)

C．Medial lemniscus (内侧丘系) D．Spinothalamic tract (脊髓丘脑束)

E．Central thalamic radiations (丘脑中央辐射)

50．Which of the following statement is incorrect about the distribution of intercostal nerves？

A．T2－the level at the manubrium (柄) of sternum

B．T4－the level at the nipple

C．T6－the level at the xiphoid process (剑突)

D．T8－the level at the lowest point of costal arch

E．T10－the level at the umbilicus (脐)

二、问答题（共23分）

1.椎管内有哪些解剖学结构（颈部平面）？请从外到内列出这些结构。(6分)

2.请写出大脑半球皮质8个重要中枢名称及其位置，然后画图标示。(8分)

3.分别回答下列结构两端的开口位置或连结的具体部位，并说明这些管道的作用。(5分)

输尿管，输卵管，输精管，咽鼓管，肝门静脉

4.鼻旁窦有哪些？它们分别开口于何外？(4分)

三、改进型论述题（共27分）

1.某中年男性，因已有3个孩子来院作绝育手术，请试述精子在何处产生并经过哪些管道

排出体外？输精管常在何处进行结扎？(7分)

2.心内正常血流方向是怎样的？有哪些结构保证血液的正常运行（请写出结构的名称及附

着的位置）？并简要说明各结构在保证血液定向流动中的作用？(10分)

3.手拇指掌面皮肤受针刺后，针刺刺激传至脑形成痛觉。请将该刺激经过的神经、三级神

经元胞体所在部位、传导束、交叉部位和最后投射部位按先后顺序列出。(10分)

四、附加题（共10分）

本题属于非必答题，学生可以自已选择是否要回答。若答题，所得分数计入其本人总分，超过100分按100分计；若不答题，本题不得分，但也不扣分。

请阐述锥体系与锥体外系的主要功能及其关系，并举例说明。

广西医科大学200９级本科临床医学专业双语班(21班) 《系统解剖学》期考试题(A卷) 标准答案及评分标准

一、A型选择题(共50小题，每题1分，共50分)

1．B2．B3．D4．B5．C6．D7．D8．E9．C10．E11．C12．E 13．C14．D15．A16．B17．A18．B19．C20．A21．C22．B 23．A24．E25．D26．A27．E28．B29．D30．A31．A32．A 33．B34．D35．D36．D37．D38．B39．E40．A41．B42．C 43．E44．E45．A46．B47．B48．A49．A50．A

二、问答题（共23分）

1.椎管内有哪些解剖学结构（颈部平面）？请从外到内列出这些结构。(6分)

答：硬膜外隙（脊神经根，椎内静脉丛，脂肪，结缔组织），硬脊膜，珠网膜，珠网膜下隙（脑脊液），软脊膜，脊髓。

[每个下划线结构得1分]

2.请写出大脑半球皮质8个重要中枢名称及其位置，然后画图标示。(8分)

答：躯体运动区，中央前回，中央旁小叶前部，

躯体感觉区，中央后回，中央旁小叶后部

听觉区，颞横回，

视觉区，距状沟上下皮质

书写中枢，额中回后部

说话中枢，额下回后部

听话中枢，颞上回后部

阅读中枢，角回

[每个中枢得1分，画图不计分]

3.分别回答下列结构两端的开口位置或连结的具体部位，并说明这些管道的作用。(5分)

输尿管，输卵管，输精管，咽鼓管，肝门静脉

答：输尿管：肾盂－膀胱，尿液通过

输卵管：腹膜腔－子宫腔，卵子和精子通过

输精管：附睾尾（管）－射精管，精子和附睾液通过

咽鼓管：鼻咽部－中耳鼓室，空气

肝门静脉：肠毛细血管－肝窦，静脉血（血液）

[每个结构1分]

4.鼻旁窦有哪些？它们分别开口于何外？(4分)

答：额窦——中鼻道

筛窦前、中组——中鼻道

筛窦后组——上鼻道

蝶窦——蝶筛隐窝

上颌窦——中鼻道

[每个窦名称得0.5分，相应开口部位得0.5分]

三、改进型论述题（共27分）

5.某中年男性，因已有3个孩子来院作绝育手术，请试述精子在何处产生并经过哪些管道

排出体外？输精管常在何处进行结扎？(7分)

答：精子产生：生精小管（精曲小管）

排出：（直细精管，睾丸网，睾丸输出小管），附睾，输精管，射精管，尿道

[每一个下划线结构得1分]

6.心内正常血流方向是怎样的？有哪些结构保证血液的正常运行（请写出结构的名称及附

着的位置）？并简要说明各结构在保证血液定向流动中的作用？(10分)

答：左室入口，左房室口，二尖瓣，防止左室血液倒流回左房

出口，主动脉口，主动脉瓣，防止主动脉血液倒流回左室

右心室入口，右房室口，三尖瓣，防止右室血液倒流回右房

出口，肺动脉口，肺动脉瓣，防止肺动脉血液倒流回右室

[出入口每项1分，功能每项0.5分]

7.手拇指掌面皮肤受针刺后，针刺刺激传至脑形成痛觉。请将该刺激经过的神经、三级神

经元胞体所在部位、传导束、交叉部位和最后投射部位按先后顺序列出。(10分) 答：正中神经，臂丛，脊神经节，后角固有核，丘脑腹后外侧核，脊髓丘脑侧束，脊髓丘脑束，丘脑中央辐射，中央后回中部，脊髓白质前联合交叉。

[每个结构1分]

五、附加题（共10分）

本题属于非必答题，学生可以自已选择是否要回答。若答题，所得分数计入其本人总分，超过100分按100分计；若不答题，本题不得分，但也不扣分。

请阐述锥体系与锥体外系的主要功能及其关系，并举例说明。

答：锥体系主要功能：支配主动肌，发动关节主动运动，如屈肘时支配肱二头肌收缩运动。

锥体外系：协调，拮抗主动肌等，如屈肘时支配肱三头肌放松配合运动。

锥体系和锥体外系在功能上互相依赖，不可分割，是一个整体；

只有锥体外系保持肌紧张稳定协调的前提下，锥体系才能完成精细的随意运动；

有些运动，在锥体系发起，然后处于锥体外系的管理，如骑车。

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