山东自考英语二题型

山东自考英语二题型
山东自考英语二题型

英语(二)试题所选用的句子大部分是根据教材中出现的句子编写的,其余试题所用的句子虽然不是引自教材,但它们的选择也是严格依据纲的要求和教材的范围。

试题题型包括

词汇与结构选择、

完型填空、

阅读理解、

单词汉译英、

填写语法形式、

汉译英(句子)

英译汉(短文)。

一. 词汇与结构题(V ocabulary and Structure )此题型有10 个小题,每小题1 分,共10 分。本题所用的句子根据教材中出现的句子编写,本题用来测验语法(主要为句子结构)和词的用法(主要为词的搭配、惯用语),比例各占一半。此题型所考查的重点主要包括以下几个方面:

1. 搭配题:搭配题型主要考查那些固定搭配的词组,主要是介词与其他词形成的固定的、习惯性的、成语性的搭配关系。例如:考查搭配under threat of 在...的威胁下;turn 这个动词与不同介词的搭配,turn out 结果证明是,结果是;turn up 出现;turn in 上交;出卖;turn down 拒绝。

在复习备考时还要注意其他的一些动词与不同介词搭配的情况,尤其像set , take , break , get , put , bring , cut 等词与不同介词搭配的意思。一般来说这类题型比较容易,复习和备考时要注意教材后面的词组表。搭配题型在历年考试中都占有一定比例。

2.词义辨析题:这种题型主要考查词义相近或词型相近的词的辨析,或者是不相关的一些词的词义辨析。做这种题型的时候要根据句子上下文推理,弄清题意,分析选项,抓住线索,看一看选项的区别特征如结构、搭配、构词法等等,这些具有某种提示作用。然后去掉干扰,缩小选择范围,一般来说,4 个选项中,有一到两个距题意要求较远,可首先排除掉,以提高命中率。

3 语法结构题:语法结构题主要考查非谓语动词(主要是分词作状语,分词的独立结构),引导从句(状语从句、定语从句、主语从句)的关联词或关系代词、关系副词等,强调句、倒装句。有时也考查动词的时态、被动语态、虚拟语气等。做语法题时,要努力分清句子的结构,是简单句,并列句,还是复合句。是复合句,则要根据句子的性质、句意、上下文选择合适的连接手段。

II. 完型填空(Cloze Test )完形填空是测试考生语篇理解能力和词汇运用能力的一种综合手段。做完形填空题,考生必须具有扎实的语法基础、比较牢固的词汇基础以及良好的语感。按考纲规定,完形填空题的考查重点是语法,包括一致关系,动词时态、语态,名词的数,代词,形容词和副词的级,连词,介词等。从最近的几次考试看,完形填空题的语法重点仍在连接各种从句的关联词上,除此之外,也有一部分题是考查介词和代词的。在词汇方面,也可能考查一些常用词和习惯用语的用法。

完型填空的题型分为:搭配题,语法题,词汇辨析题,逻辑关系题等。在做完型填空题时要注意下面一些解题步骤和方法技巧:

1. 快速浏览全文。做完型填空题时,首先要集中注意力将短文快速浏览一遍,尤其注意开头没有挖空的一个或几个句子,以此为“窗口”,了解文章的主题和大意。在浏览的过程中,注意捕捉关键词,记忆相关信息,以把握文章发展的基本线索,搞清上下文之间的逻辑关系。

2. 在快速浏览的基础上,开始复读做题。按照先易后难的原则,首先选出那些直接的、明显的,根据句子或上下文的意义就能确定的答案,如固定短语、常用句型、固定搭配、语法中的时态、语态等。这样做一方面能增强信心,减轻心理压力,另一方面也能使文章内容趋于完整,为解决难度较大的选项提供帮助信息。

3. 全部题目做完后,将填好空格的文章从头到尾读一遍,检查前后是否连贯,句子是否通顺,内容是否清楚。完型填空着眼于整体效果,考生一定要“顾全大局”,从全文的角度来审视各个具体空格的填词。

III. 阅读理解(Reading Comprehension )阅读理解题占英语二考试总分的30% ,是七道大题中所占比例最大的一项。阅读理解由三篇短文构成,每篇短文约350 词,短文后有 5 道小题,共15 道小题,每小题2 分。三篇短文均选自教材以外的文章,难度相当于下册教材后半部分的课文。题材上,阅读理解题的文章涉及一般经济、社会、文化、科普和日常生活方面的内容。有些同学在阅读时存在一些不良的阅读习惯,比如逐词指读、出声阅读,母语译读或频繁复读等习惯,这些不良的阅读习惯是影响阅读速度和对文章整体把握的重要原因。因此,在考试中做阅读理解题时一定要注意除了题目本身所要求查找的细节外,阅读时不要逐字逐句地死抠,而要有所侧重,主要侧重以下几个方面:

1) 侧重首段、尾段,首句、尾句、因为这些部分往往是作者所要谈及的论点、主题或中心思想,抓住了主干,那么细节问题就会迎刃而解。

2)侧重语篇标志词。语篇标志词。语篇中句子和句子之间、段落和段落之间就是通过这种词语连接起来的,把握住这些词语就等于把握了句与句、段与段之间的关系,对于获取所需信息、准确答题至关重要。

语篇标志词主要表示:(1)例解;(2)列举;(3)比较;(4) 转折和对比;(5) 原因;(6) 结果;(7) 方式手段;(8) 时间;(9)地点;(10) 目的;(11)分类;(12)补充;(13)强调;(14)条件;(15)结论。3)侧重长句、难句。因为英语表达多以冗长著称,论理性很强的文章更是如此。通过较长的句子来表达复杂的思想内容,从而使文章更具有说服力。所以,我们在阅读时,必须重视长句、难句,认真分析句子,把握关键。事实上,不少问题就是针对这些长句、难句而设置的。

阅读理解题主要考查五个方面的内容:

1)词与短语的意思;

2)句子表达的内容和内容之间的联系;

3)文章主题思想和大意;

4)句子和文章的内在含义及推理;

5)文章作者的态度。

英语二考试阅读理解题型相对规范、稳定,主要题型有:

1) 主旨题:这类问题主要测试考生把握主题与中心思想的能力。主要形式有:

a. The main idea of this passage is ________.

b. The passage mainly discusses ____________.

c. What is the passage primarily concerned about?

d. What is the main topic of this passage?

e. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

f. The best title for this passage might be _________.

作者的态度、写作目的与主题和中心思想关系密切,可以看作主旨题的延伸。主要形式有:问写作目的:

g.The author writes this passage mainly to _______. h.The author\’s purpose in writing this passage is _________. 问态度:i.The author\’s attitude towards ... is _________. j.The tone of

this passage can be described as ___________.

主旨是一篇文章或一个段落的核心,通常以主题句(topic sentence )的形式出现在文中。准确把握主题句是解答这类题的关键。主题句一般具有意思完整概括、形式简单的特点。一个段落一般围绕一个主题句展开,其他句子对主题句进行阐述、扩展或论证。由于文章的题材和要求不同,主题句的位置不尽相同,但一般位于篇章、段落的开头或结尾,但应注意,这类题目的正确选择项决不会是原文主题句的简单重复,而是其意思的重新表述。

2) 细节题:这类问题测试考生把握文章细节的能力,主要与文中的考点相联系,如:最高级、唯一性、其他对比、数字年代、原因等。

主要形式有:是非题:(三正一误或三误一正)a. Which of the following is True ? b. Which of the following is NOT True ? c. Which of the following is Not mentioned in Paragraph ...? 例证题:a. The author gives an example in Paragraph .. mainly to show that ______. 其他具体细节题:a. From the passage , it can be seen that .... b. The main reason for ...is _________.

细节题的答案一般都能直接从原文中找到。但是细节题一方面数量较多,另一方面细节在文章中的位置往往不太显眼,因此细节题比较费时间。比较好的做法是在浏览全文时,将标志主要事实和细节的语言标志做记号,看完问题后找出题干或题支的关键线索,然后到原文中定位,那么这些有记号的地方都是要首先要看的地方。另外细节题的正确选项也不会是原文句子的重复,而是用一些与原文句子中的某个词的同义词或近义词来进行表述,或是用另外一个相同意思的句子来表述。

3) 推理题这类题主要测试考生能否在理解字面意义的基础上,根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论,进而理解文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

主要形式有:a. It is implied in the passage that ________. b. The passage implies (suggests) that ________. c. It can be inferred from the passage that _________. d. It can be concluded from the passage that ________. e. From the passage we can infer (draw the conclusion) that _________. 推理题的难度比较大,推理题一般综合性较强,应尽可能在速读完全文后再做。推理题必须基于事实依据,不可主观臆断,推理的结果不只是事实本身。考生应在准确把握全篇主旨或段落主题的基础上,分析句与句之间的关系,捕捉语言线索,揣测作者的意图,切不可死抠字面意思。

4) 词义题这类问题主要测试考生使用词语搭配和根据上下文判断词义的能力。主要形式有:a. The word "..." in line (Paragragh... )most probably means ______. b. In paragraph ..., the word "..." refers to (stands for) _______. c. The word "..." in Paragraph ... can be best replaced by ________.

词汇题考查的词汇主要是熟词僻义或生词,熟词僻义指考查常用词的不常见意义。遇上这样的词,一方面应推敲上下文,领会其意思,或对词的本义作适当引申;另一方面要坚决排除其常见意义选项。词义题中如果考生词、难词的话,那么命题者一定是选中在上下文中有线索可循的单词,那么考生所要做的就是冷静地理解上下文,找准其中线索,合理推测,考生可采取以下方法:(1) 利用定义、解释推测;(4) 利用构词法推测;(2) 利用列举推测;(3) 利用对比关系推测;(5) 利用上下文的相关信息综合判断。III. 单词拼写(Word Spelling )考纲对词汇拼写题的命题要求是主要选择常用词,这道题看似简单,但其实是比较不容易得分的,因此在做题时一定要注意单词拼写的准确性同时还要注意三个方面:词性、单词的第一个字母以及所给空格数。

IV. 词型变化题(Word Form )

这个题型主要考查动词的形态变化,也就是说,根据句子的实际情况将动词的原形变为适当的形式。

还包括少量的试题考查形容词和副词的比较级或最高级的形式变化,尤其是几个不规则变

化的形容词和副词。

还可能考查名词的词形变化,名词主要考查名词变复数的规则,特别是一些不规则变化。

另外词性转换也是考试的重点。做词型变化题时一定要先确定所填的词的词性,如果是动词的话,要搞清楚它在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,然后再作相应的变化,如果是谓语动词,要考虑根据句子的结构、句子意思和时间状语等填动词的各种时态、语态或虚拟语气。如果这个动词不是句中的谓语动词,那么需要考虑填什么样的非谓语动词,动词不定式、分词、还是动名词。

V. 汉译英(Translation from Chinese into English )本题主要测试考生主动运用英语的能力。通常每个句子包含一个或一个以上的语法重点,如时态,被动语态,非谓语动词,复合句,虚拟语气,强调句,倒装句或某个常用词组。共有五个汉语句子,要求译成英语,每句3 分,共15 分。按考纲规定,汉译英题中的句子是根据教材中的句子编写的。由于教材课文中的句子大多数都比较长,所以实际考试的句子一般比原文的句子简短,有的句子是根据教材中的语法、课文或词汇的练习题编写,还有的则是教材以外的句子。评分参照如下标准:译文理解正确,表达通顺,无语法大错,可给3 分;译文理解正确,表达大部分通顺,有1 个语法大错,可给 2 分:译文理解正确,表达基本通顺,有2 个语法大错,可给 1.5 分:译文理解基本正确,表达一般,有较多的语病,可给 1 分;比第四等级更差的译句,不给分;拼写错误、用词错误等因素进行综合考虑,每句酌情扣0.5 一1 分。做汉译英题时,一定要先筹划,要找出句子的主要结构,并且细心斟酌选用哪些词或词组才能确切地表达原文的意思,然后再来翻译。VI. 英译汉(Translation from English into Chinese )英译汉的关键首先是要理解原文。除了要具备阅读理解能力以外,还需要有正确的汉语表达能力,即要用通顺的汉语把原文的思想内容完整地表达出来。另外还要掌握一些翻译的技巧和汉英两种语言在表达上的不同。考前要复习下册后面五个单元的翻译技巧讲解。翻译是一个实践的过程,因此建议大家在平时学习时要经常做一些翻译的练习,只有在练习中才能真正掌握翻译的有关理论和技巧,才能提高翻译的能力和水平。单选10 分,完形填空10 分,阅读30 分,单词拼写10 分,英译汉和汉译英各15 分,词形填空10 分

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