语言学试卷汇总考试完整版
语言学试卷汇总考试
Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
Translate the following terms from English into Chinese.把下列术语翻译成中文
1.duality of structure _________结构的二元性_______________
2.General Linguistics ________普通语言学________________
3.voiceless consonant _________清辅音_______________
https://www.360docs.net/doc/d97958019.html,plementary distribution ________互补分布________________
5.free morpheme ________自由词素________________
6.immediate constituent ________直接成份________________
https://www.360docs.net/doc/d97958019.html,ponential Analysis ________成份分析________________
8.American Structuralism ________美国结构主义________________
9.zero morph _________零语子_______________
10.structural ambiguity _________结构歧义_______________
11.productivity _________多产性 ______________
12.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________
13.manner of articulation _________发音方法_______________
14.intonation language _________语调语言_______________
15.allophone __________音位变体______________
16.inflectional morpheme _________曲折语素_______________
17.phrase marker __________短语标记______________
18.denotation __________指示______________
19.Systemic-Functional Grammar __________系统功能语法______________
20.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________
21.cultural transmission __________文化传播______________
22.Descriptive Linguistics __________描写语言学______________
23.derivational morpheme ___________派生词素_____________
24.consonant ___________辅音_____________
25.tone language ___________声调语言_____________
26.empty morph ___________虚语子_____________
27.syntax ___________语法_____________
https://www.360docs.net/doc/d97958019.html,plementary antonym ___________互补反义词_____________
29.mode of discourse ____________话语方式____________
30.free variation _______自有变异_________________
31.displacement __________取代______________
32.paradigmatic relation __________集合体关系______________
33.voiced consonant __________浊辅音______________
34.minimal pair __________极小对______________
35.phoneme __________音位______________
36.lexical ambiguity __________词法的歧义性______________
37.connotation __________内涵______________
https://www.360docs.net/doc/d97958019.html,nguage acquisition device __________语言习得机制______________
39.constituency __________选区______________
40.alien __________相异______________
41.design feature __________设计特点______________
42.Theoretical Linguistics __________理论语言学______________
43.diphthong __________双元音______________
44.contrastive distribution __________对立分布______________
45.translation-loan __________借译词______________
46.ultimate constituent __________主要成分______________
47.relational opposite __________关系对立词______________
48.genre __________类型______________
49.dependency __________从属______________
50.denizen __________居民______________
51.arbitrariness __________任意______________
52.linguistic performance ___________语言行为_____________
53.vowel ___________元音_____________
54.free variation ___________自由变异_____________
55.derivational morpheme _________派生词素_______________
56.surface structure __________表层结构______________
57.mode of discourse ___________话语方式_____________
58.gradable antonym __________分级反义词______________
59.Innateness Hypothesis __________天赋假说______________
https://www.360docs.net/doc/d97958019.html,plementary antonym __________互补反义词______________
61.interchangeability _______可交换性_________________
62.syntagmatic relation ________结构关系________________
63.pure vowel _________纯元音_______________
64.intonation language _________语调语言_______________
65.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________
66.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________
67.deep structure __________深层结构______________
68.semantic field __________语义场_____________
69.context of situation ___________情境语境_____________
70.manner of articulation ___________发音方法_____________
71.discreteness ___________组件_____________
72.Applied Linguistics _________应用语言学_______________
73.immediate constituent __________直接成分______________
74.place of articulation __________发音部位______________
75.phoneme ___________音位；音素_____________
76.zero morph _________零语子_______________
77.structural ambiguity __________结构歧义______________
78.hyponymy __________上下位关系______________
79.tenor of discourse ___________语旨_____________
https://www.360docs.net/doc/d97958019.html,ponential Analysis __________成分分析______________
Answer the following questions.回答一下问题
1.What are the differences between grammatical competence and pragmatic competence
2.What is the difference between free morphemes and bound morphemes Illustrate it
with examples.
3.What are the three syntactic relations Illustrate them with examples.
4.What does it mean to say that language is arbitrary Illustrate it with examples.
5.What is the difference between tone languages and intonation languages Illustrate
it with examples.
6.Explain the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes in
terms of both function and position.
7.What does it mean to say that language is a system Illustrate it with examples.
8.What is the difference between an empty morph and a zero morph Illustrate it with
examples.
9.What are the differences between surface structure and deep structure Illustrate
them with examples.
10.What does it mean to say that language is symbolic Illustrate it with examples.
11.What is a morpheme Illustrate the relationship between morphemes, morphs, and
allomorphs with examples.
12.What are the three general types of antonyms And how do they differ from each
other
13.What are the three sub-branches of phonetics How do they differ from each other
14.What does Semantic Filed Theory mainly propose Illustrate it with examples.
15.What is the difference between segmental features and supra-segmental features
What are the supra-segmental features in English
16.What are the design features of languages
17.How does denotation differ from connotation Illustrate their difference with
examples.
18.Why do we say “absolute synonyms are rare or even non-existent” Illustrate it
with examples.
19.What does it mean to say that language is dual-structured
20.What does compounding mean Illustrate with examples the differences between
hyphenated compounds, solid compounds and open compounds
21.What are the essential factors for determining sentence meaning Illustrate them
with examples.
22.How does a diachronic description of a language differ from a synchronic
description of a language Illustrate their difference with examples.
23.What are the three conditions for forming a minimal pair Illustrate it with
examples.
24.What does clipping mean in morphology Illustrate with examples the difference
between back clipping, front clipping, front and back clipping, and phrase clipping.
Practical work.
Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions：写对应于每一个下面语音描述的符号Example: a voiceless velar plosive [k]
1) a voiced bilabial plosive __ [b] ____
2) a voiceless labiodental fricative __ [f] ____
3) a voiced bilabial nasal __ [ m ] ____
4) a high front unrounded vowel __[ i ]___
5) a voiced bilabial glide __[w]____
6) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____
7) a voiced labiodental nasal __ [
8)] ____
9) a mid central unroudned vowel ___[ :] ___
10) a voiced velar plosive __ /g/ ____
11) a voiceless alveolar fricative _[θ:]_____
12) a voiced alveolar liquid __ ____
13) a mid back rounded vowel __[:] ____
14) a voiced dental fricative __[ e ] ____
15) a voiceless alveo-palatal affricative __ /
16)/____
17) a voiced post-alveolar liquid __ /
18)/ ____
19) a high back rounded vowel __ [u] ____
20) a voiceless bilabial plosive ___[p]___
21) a voiced alveolar fricative __[s]____
22) a voiceless post-alveolar affricate __ [t]
23) ____
24) a low front unrounded vowel __[a]____
25) a voiceless alveo-palatal fricative __t____
26) a voiced post-alveolar affricate __[z]____
27) a voiceless palatal plosive __[c]____
28) a mid front unrounded vowel _[ε]___
29) a voiceless alveolar plosive __ [t] ____
30) a voiced alveolar nasal ______
31) a voiced palatal glide ______
32) a low central unrounded vowel __Λ____
33) a voiced alveo-palatal fricative __x____
34) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____
35) a voiced alveo-palatal affricate ______
36) a low back rounded vowel _[]_____
Divide the following words into separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next:
Example: bookshelf = book + shelf
1)manly = man+ly
2)encourage = en+cour+age
3)placement = place+ment
4)agreement = agree+ment
5)affixes =
6)footprint = foot+print
7)underestimation= under+estimation
8)disapproval = dis+approval
9)gentleman = gentle+man
10)entertainment = enter+tain+ment
11)entitle = en+title
12)reread =re+read
13)unfit = un+fit
14)waterbed = water+bed
15)disorderly = dis+order+ly
16)unsuccessful = un+success+ful
17)structural = structural
18)sweeten = sweet+en
19)marker = mark+er
20)decided = decid+ed
21)exciting = excit+ing
22)greenhouse = green+house
23)disgraceful = dis+grace+ful
24)enlargement = en+large+ment
25)informed =inform+ed
26)amazing = amaz+ing
27)advanced =advance+ed
28)enrich =en+rich
29)deafen =deaf+en
30)undergo = un+dergo
31)irregularly = ir+regular+ly
32)decoded = decod+ed
33)incorrect = in+correct
34)undo = un+do
35)weekly = week+ly
36)functional =func+tion+al
37)illiterate = ill+iterate
38)sleepwalk = sleep+walk
39)unmanly = un+man+ly
40)befriended = be+friend+ed
41)disobey = dis+oney
42)rewrite = re+write
43)yearly = year+ly
44)troublesome = trouble+some
45)talented = talent+ed
46)lookout = look+out
47)boyishness = boy+ish+ness
48)disappearance = dis+appear+ance
49)supervise = super+vise
50)costly = cost+ly
51)inspiring = inspire+ing
52)prescription =pre+scrip+tion
53)threaten = threat+en
54)overlook = over+look
55)undesirable = un+desir+able
56)irreplaceable = ir+re+place+able
57)eatable = eat+able
58)amusement = amuse+ment
59)monthly = month+ly
60)generalize =generalize
61)logical =logic+al
62)grandfather = grand+father
63)incorruptible = in+corrupt+ible
64)reenactment =re+enact+ment
Match the names of linguistic figures in column A with the schools or theories or works of linguistics in column B:
Column A Column B
1)Saussure ( d ) a. Systemic-Functional Grammar
2)Halliday ( a ) b. The London School
3)Firth ( b ) Grammar
4)Chomsky ( c )d. The Founder of Structuralism
系统功能语法（Systemic-functional Grammar）由英国语言学家韩礼德（Halliday）
伦敦学派是以长期在伦敦大学的东方与非洲研究学院教授语音学与语言学并于1944 年成为英国第一任语言学教授弗斯(Firth)为首的语言学派换-生成语法（Transformational-generative grammar，简称TG）是美国语言学家
Column A Column B
5)Chomsky
( c )
a. American Structuralism
6)Bloomfield
( a )
b. Relational Grammar
7)Lamb ( b ) c. Syntactic Structures
8)Perlmutter and Postal
( d )
d. Stratificational Grammar
Column A Column B
9)Chomsky ( b ) a. The Prague School
10)Mathesius ( a )b. Aspects of The Theory of Syntax
11)Malinowski ( d ) c. Case Grammar
12)Fillmore ( c )d. Coral Gardens and Their Magic
Column A Column B
13)Chomsky ( b ) a. American Structuralism
14)Firth ( d ) b. The Minimalist Program
15)Bloomfield ( a )c. The Distinctive Feature Theory
16)Jakobson ( c )d. The Founder of the London School
Column A Column B 17)Chomsky ( c ) a. Montague Grammar
18)Hjelmslev ( d )b. Lexical-Functional Grammar
19)Montague ( a )c. The Innateness Hypothesis
20)Brasnan & Kaplan d. The Copenhagen School
Column A Column B
21)Chomsky ( b ) a. The Copenhagen School
22)Jakobson ( d )b. Language Acquisition Device
23)Mathesius ( c ) c. Communicative Dynamism
24)Hjelmslev ( a )d. The Distinctive Feature Theory
Column A Column B
25)Chomsky ( d )a. The Founder of the London School
26)Halliday ( c )b. The Founder of Structuralism
27)Firth ( a )c. Systemic-Functional Grammar
28)Saussure ( b )d. The Extended Standard Theory
Column A Column B
29)Chomsky ( b )a. Coral Gardens and Their Magic
30)Hjelmslev ( d ) b. The Classical Theory
31)Jakobson ( c )c. The Distinctive Feature Theory
32)Malinowski ( a ) d. The Copenhagen School
Draw the deep structure phrase markers for the following two sentences:
1)John is attending the class.
2)Mary could have seen the film.
3)Mary is chasing the dog.
4)John could have read the book.
5) Tom is eating an orange.
6) Nancy could have done her homework.
7)Johnson is reading a book.
8)David could have finished his homework.
9)David is singing a song.
10)Tim could have told the truth.
11)Tim is playing the piano.
12)Johnson could have stolen the wallet.
13)Nancy is playing the badminton.
14)Mary could have seen the poster.
15)George is doing his homework.
16)David could have read the novel.
语言学概论期末考试试卷2
语言学概论期末考试试卷2 一、填空题（每空1分，共15分） 1、人与人的口头交际过程是非常复杂的，从通信理论的角度可以将之理解为和的过程。 2、符号包含的两个方面是、。 3、到目前为止，语言学家的研究主要有三种不同的角度，分别是着眼于语言的、、。 4、共时语法指的是从某一时期存在的语法现象的角度地、 地研究语法，研究的重点是某一语言在特定范围的语法表现形式和语法规则系统。 5、义素分析的要求一是，二是。 6、文字改革有三种不同的情况：一种是；一种是；还有一种是。 二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分） 1、下列国家中不是以单一民族，单一语言为基础建立起来的是（） A．瑞士B．法国C．西班牙D．英格兰 2、语言是一种（） A．形式和内容相统一的视觉符号系统B．音义结合的听觉符号系统C．用于交际的触觉符号系统D．集视觉、听觉、触觉为一体的符号系统 3、普通语言学从理论上讲是研究（） A．个别民族语言的特殊规律B．人类各种语言一般与个别的规律 C．几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律D．汉语普通话的发展规律 4、噪音是（） A．振幅固定而有规则的声波B．频率最低、振幅最大的音 C．具有周期性重复的复合波形的音D．不具备整数倍的不规则的音 5、把语法分成词法、句法两个部分，是（）提出来的。 A．结构语法学B．形式语法学C．现代语法学D．传统语法学 6、语义的基本特征是（） A．概括性B．民族性C．模糊性D．同语言形式的结合 7、词的（）是词义的基本的和核心的部分 A．通俗意义B．非通俗意义C．理性意义D．非理性意义 8、“我吃光了盘子里的菜”这句话中，“光”的语义指向是（） A．我B．吃C．盘子里的菜D．盘子 9、日文的假名是典型的（） A．辅音文字B．音节文字C．表意文字D．意音文字 10、四川人在公开场合讲普通话，在家里讲四川话，这是一种（）
英语语言学试题(1)及答案
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
语言学期末考试
1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _____linguistics. D A. applied B. diachronic C. comparative D. synchronic 2. The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a __C__ formula "S→NP VP". A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical 3. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A A. [p] B.[m] C.[b] D.[t] 4. The words ―make‖ and ―bus‖ are called _____D____because they can occur unattached. A. derivational morphemes B .inflectional morphemes C. bound morphemes D. free morphemes 5. The pair of words ―lend‖ and ―borrow‖ are____B______. A. gradable antonymy B. relational (converse) antonymy C. synonyms D. co-hyponyms 6. The semantic components of the word ―man‖ can be expressed as ____C___. A.＋animate,＋human,＋male,－adult; B.＋animate,＋human,－male,－adult; C.＋animate,＋human,＋male,＋adult D.—animate,＋human,－male,－adult 7. What kind of function does the sentence ―How do you do?‖ have? B A. Directive B. Phatic C. Informative D. Evocative 8. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as_______A____. A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words 9. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?______A_. A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 10. The branch of linguistics that studies meaning of language in context is called __C? A. morphology B. sociolinguistics C. pragmatics D. psycholinguistics 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language.
语言学纲要原始答案修改整合最终版).doc
导言 一、填空 1、语言学的三大发源地是中国、印度和希腊——罗马。 2、语言学是 19 世纪成为独立学科的，其标志是历史比较语言学。 3、现代语言学的标志性著作是瑞士语言学家索绪尔的《普通语言学教程》。 4、语言交际过程可分为编码—发送—传递—接受—解码五个阶段。 5、印度最早的经典所使用的语言是梵文。 6、音韵学、文字学、训诂学是中国“小学”的主要研究内容。 二、判断正误 1、语言学主要是研究古代的口语和数和书面语。（错误） 2、语言有自身结构的独立性，与系统之外的社会环境没有关系。（错误） 3、理论语言学是研究语言一般规律的，不受具体语言研究影响。（错误） 4、语言形式和内容的关系是语言研究的根本问题。（正确） 第一章语言的功能 一、填空 1、语言的功能包括社会功能和思维功能。 2、语言的社会功能包括信息传递功能和人际互动功能。 3、在各种信息传递形式中，语言是第一性的、最基本的手段。
4、人的大脑分左右两个半球，语言功能及计数、推理能力等由左半球掌管，音乐感知、立体图形识别等能力由右半球制约。 5、儿童语言习得一般经过独词句阶段和双词句阶段，这是儿童学话的关键两步。 二、判断正误 （对） 1、文字是建立在语言基础之上的再编码形式。 （错） 2、当说话者陈述一个客观事实时，话语中不具有主观性。 （错） 3、书刊上的话语不具有人际互动功能。 （对） 4、抽象思维要以语言为形式依托。 （错） 5、布洛卡区在大脑的右半球前部。 （错） 6、聋哑人不会说话，所以不具有抽象思维的能力。 （对） 7、不同语言结构的差异体现出思维方式的不同。 （错） 8、汉语名词没有数的变化，所以汉语没有区别单数和多数的概念 三、思考题 1.为什么说思维离不开语言？ 思维需要语言：思维必须在语言材料的基础上进行，语言是人类思维的工具， 思维功能是语言功能的另一方面。同时语言是思维活动的动因和载体，是思维 结果的贮存所。所以语言帮助传递思维成果。思维的成果靠语言才能表达出来， 使听读者了解。并且语言可帮助思维逐步深化，条理化。 2. 儿童语言习得的临界期指什么？临界期的存在说明语言的哪些特性？
2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案
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