浙江高考英语二轮复习专题阅读理解类型人物传记讲练
类型1| 人物传记
考查要点方法技巧
1.人物最显著的性格、品德特征。
2．人物的重大、有影响的经历。
3．人物最杰出的功绩、贡献、成就。
4．人物成长的时代背景。
1.把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。
2．理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及结
果。
3．感悟人物的情感和心理活动。
(2016·全国乙卷·A)
You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams(1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907-1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913-2005)
On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said
Parks.
21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?
A．Her social work.
B．Her teaching skills.
C．Her efforts to win a prize.
D．Her community background.
22．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?
A．Her lack of proper training in law.
B．Her little work experience in court.
C．The discrimination against women.
D．The poor financial conditions.
23．Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U．S.?
A．Jane Addams.
B．Rachel Carson.
C．Sandra Day O'Connor.
D．Rosa Parks.
24．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?
A．They are highly educated.
B．They are truly creative.
C．They are pioneers.
D．They are peace-lovers.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在不同领域做出杰出贡献的女性先驱。
长难句解读：If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.
分析：本句为含有条件状语从句的复合句，使用了虚拟语气。
翻译：如果不是Rachel Carson的话，今天的环保活动就可能不会存在。
21．A[细节理解题。根据Jane Addams下的第一句话“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams)”可知，在历史上，Jane Addams以她的社会工作而出名，故选A 项。]
22．C[细节理解题。根据Sandra Day O'Connor下的第一句中“she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman”可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选C项。]
23．D[细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks下的“...it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil-rights movement.”可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选D 项。]
24．C[推理判断题。通读全文可知文中提到的这几位女性都是不同领域的先驱，都在各自领域中做出了巨大贡献，故选C项。]
A
(2016·河南省六市第一次联考)
Did you know that Albert Einstein could not speak until he was four years old，and could not read until he was seven？His parents and teachers worried about his mental ability.
Beethoven's music teacher said about him, “As a composer(作曲家) he is hopeless.” What if this young boy had believed it?
When Thomas Edison was a young boy，his teachers said he was so stupid that he could never learn anything.He once said，“I remember I used to never be able to get along at school.I was always at the foot of my class...My father thought I was stupid，and I almost decided that I was a stupid person.”What if young Thomas had believed，what they said about him?
When the sculptor (雕刻家) Auguste Rodin was young，he had difficulty learning to read and write.Today，we may say he had a learning disability.His father said of him，“I have an idiot (白痴) for a son.” His uncle agreed.“He's uneducable，”he said.What if Rodin had doubted his ability?
Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper editor because he was thought to have no “good ideas”．Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher，“You can't sing.You have no voice at all.” And an editor told Louisa May Alcott that she was unable to write anything that would have popular appeal.
What if these people had listened and become discouraged? What would our world be without the music of Beethoven，the art of Rodin or the ideas of Albert Einstein and Walt Disney? As Oscar Levant once said，“It's not what you are but what you don't become that hurts.”
You have great potential.When you believe in all you can be，rather than all
you cannot become，you will find your place on earth.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章列举了爱因斯坦、贝多芬、爱迪生等七个名人成功的故事，他们都曾得到别人较低的评价，但最终成功实现了自己的梦想；“相信自己”是他们成功的关键。
1．How many successful people are mentioned as examples in the passage?
A．Six. B．Seven.
C．Eight. D．Nine.
B[细节理解题。文章第一段列举了爱因斯坦的故事，第二段讲述了贝多芬的故事，第三段提到了爱迪生的故事，第四段讲述了奥古斯特·罗丹的故事，第五段提及了沃特·迪士尼、恩里科·卡鲁索、路易莎·梅·阿尔科特的故事，共列举了七个著名人物，故B项正确。] 2．What's the meaning of the u nderlined sentence “He's uneducable”？
A．He can't be taught.
B．He is very clever.
C．He is different.
D．He is a late success.
A[句意理解题。根据第四段他的父亲和他的叔叔对他的评价“I have an idiot(白痴)for a son”“His uncle agreed”可知，他们都认为他是白痴；据此可以推断，该句意为“他是教不会的”，故A项正确。]
3．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Working Hard for Success
B．Having Dreams
C．Believing in Yourself
D．Self-challenging
C[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文前五段列举了七个名人，他们的共同点是都曾得到别人较低的评价，后来却成功实现了自己的梦想；本文的最后一句“When you believe in all you can be，rather than all you cannot become，you will find your place on earth”为本文的主题句，据此可以推断，C项“相信自己”最适合做本文标题。]
【导学号：85602014】
B
(2016·南昌市十校第二次模拟)
Matthew Youlden speaks nine languages fluently and understands more than a dozen more.He's what is known as a polyglot.He also studies the development of minority languages.But he's more than a polyglot.He not only uses the languages fluently，but also knows about the culture of the languages very well.He can talk
to native speakers comfortably in their own languages.
Matthew, who is from Manchester, England, is a language chameleon: Germans think he's German! Spaniards think he's Spanish and Brazilians think he's Portuguese.
By his own account，Matthew has mastered a surprising number of languages by using abilities that we all possess：determination，enthusiasm and open-mindedness.
If your classic polyglot is someone who studies languages full-time，then Matthew is quite different.His study doesn't keep him in an ivory tower; it connects him with people all over the world.
According to Matthew，the more languages you speak，the more points of view you have.He thinks each language has a certain way of seeing the world.If you speak one language，then you have a different way of analyzing and seeing the world than the speaker of another language does.Even if they're really closely-related languages such as Spanish and Portuguese，they are at the same time two different worlds— two different attitudes.
He said，“Therefore，having learned other languages and been surrounded by other languages，I couldn't possibly choose only one language because it would mean really giving up the possibility to be able to see the world in a different way.So the monolingual(只说一种语言的) lifestyle，for me，is the saddest，the loneliest，and the most boring way of seeing the world.There are so many advantages of learning a language.I really can't think of any reason not to.”
本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一个会说9种语言的人的故事。
4．According to the passage，a polyglot refers to ．
A．someone who studies the development of languages
B．someone who keeps a record of minority languages
C．someone who masters several languages
D．someone who talks to foreigners fluently
C[推理判断题。由第一段第一句“Matthew Youlden speaks nine languages fluently and understands more than a dozen more.”和下文的内容可推知，polyglot指的是“通晓数种语言的人”。故选C。]
5．What can be inferred from the underlined part in Paragraph 2?
A．Matthew Youlden is very good at imitating others.
B．Matthew Youlden looks like the natives in appearance.
C．Matthew Youlden learns languages from native speakers.
D．Matthew Youlden uses the languages as well as the natives.
D[推理判断题。由画线部分后的“Germans think he's German！Spaniards think he's Spanish and Brazilians think he's Portuguese.”可推知，Matthew Youlden是语言变色龙，因为他使用这些语言跟当地人一样熟练，故而德国人以为他是德国人，西班牙人以为他是西班牙人，而巴西人以为他是葡萄牙人。]
6．What's Matthew Youlden's attitude towards the monolingual lifestyle?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Objective. D．Negative.
D[观点态度题。由最后一段中的“So the monolingual(只说一种语言的)lifestyle，for me，is the saddest，the loneliest，and the most boring way of seeing the world.”可知，Matthew Youlden对单语言的生活方式的态度是消极的。]
C
(2016·山西省八校第一次联考)
Seven-year-old artist Kieron Williamson has sold his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in just 14 minutes，setting the world record for the youngest successful painter.
His latest paintings of landscapes(风景)，seascapes and churches were supposed to be on display for a month at the Picturecraft Gallery in Holt.They went on sale at 9 am but were bought by 9：14 am，some by telephone from abroad.
Kieron is red hot．People are saying that he could become an all-time great artist.They want his paintings as investments(投资) because they think the price will go up.
The last child artist was Picasso.And Kieron is getting better and better.The pace at which he learns is quite amazing.He has a very mature mind and has mastered certain techniques at an early stage which some artists would take years to perfect.His work has been very unusual and impressive.His use of tone，colour and light is wonderful.The way he gets his paintings to do the talking is extremely good.He just paints when he wants.He still likes playing football and playing computer games like any other seven-year-olds.
Inspired to start painting on a family holiday in Devon and Cornwall，Kieron was just six when he asked his parents for paper to draw a boat and swiftly developed a mature and confident talent for seascapes and countryside scenes that has been described as close to the “young Picasso”．
The talented boy described his show's sellout success as“brilliant”．“Painting is my favourite hobby but I like football as well，” said Kieron，who is so absorbed
in painting that he is always drawing from getting up to going to school.
本文介绍了著名画家Kieron Williamson和他的水彩画。
7．Kieron Williamson set the world record for the youngest painter by ．A．selling his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in 14 minutes
B．drawing as many as 16 watercolours in 14 minutes
C．painting landscapes as a child of seven
D．earning the most money for 16 watercolours
A[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，七岁画家Kieron Williamson仅仅在14分钟内就以17 000英镑的价格卖掉了他的16幅水彩画，创造了世界纪录。]
8．The underlined words “red hot” here probably mean“”．
A．in bright colour and high temperature
B．in high fever
C．very popular
D．very smart
C[词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，人们说他可能会成为一位伟大的画家，他们认为他的画会增值，因此他们都想要收藏他的画作为投资。由此说明Kieron很受欢迎。] 9．What is Kieron's work like according to the text?
A．Strange. B．Outstanding.
C．Ordinary. D．Common.
B[推理判断题。根据第四段的第五句和第六句可知，他的作品与众不同，给人以深刻的印象，他对色调、颜色和光线的使用都是绝妙的。由此可知他的画非常出色。] 10．From the text we know that Kieron learned to paint ．
A．by himself B．from his parents
C．by copying Picasso D．from his teacher
A[推理判断题。Kieron在Devon和Cornwall度假时开始绘画，当时他六岁，向父母要纸画船，很快培养了成熟自信的画海景和乡村景色的才能，被认为近似年轻的毕加索。全文没提到他的老师，所以推断他是自学绘画的。]
高考英语阅读理解训练50篇
阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。
3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
高考英语阅读理解三篇
(A ) A coal-fire stove(炉灶)provided heating for Zhao Yaoqin's courtyard bungalow in a Beijing hutong all her life. This winter, however, the stove has disappeared from the 66-year-old's life, and an electric radiator takes its place beside her bed, a product of a government to use clean energy in the national capital. With the Olympics to be staged in Beijing next August, the city is determined to eliminate the use of coal within the Third Ring Road that circles the city before the Games. The project to replace the stoves with electric radiators has been part of the effort. When the city's four-month long heating season started on Thursday, coal-fired stoves, known as a big source of pollution in the big city, have disappeared from some 20,000 local households like Zhao's bungalow in the inner city "hutong" -- traditional alleyways(小巷) that date back centuries. "We used to boil water or bake bread on the stove," said Zhao, sounding sentimental(伤感) to the disappearance of the coal furnace from her life. Late in the 1990s, Beijing's air quality monitoring office found that the emissions(排放) of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide from the hutong areas have been higher than the city's average in winter, mainly because of the coal stoves. With the project to switch to clean energy for heating launched in 1999, the emission level of the two poisonous substances decreased by 42 percent and 44 percent, respectively, this year from 2001 levels. Zhao said the fee for electrical heat for the entire winter was usually around 2,400 yuan (US$323) per household. With the government's subsidy（补贴）, however, she only needed to pay about 500 yuan, nearly the same price as that for coal. 1．Zhao Yaoqin’ example in the passage is to tell us that_______. A.people in Beijing using electric radiators to welcome the Olympics. B.people in Beijing are doing something to protect the environment. C.hutongs in Beijing have a long history. D.People pay more money to use electric radiators than before. 2. The underlined word eliminate probably means________ A. cut down. B. increase. C. get rid of. D. replace 3. We can infer from the passage that ______ A. Zhao Yaoqin has a strong and deep emotion with the use of coal-fire stove. B. The government will pay most of the fee. C. The air of Beijing has been badly polluted since 1990s. D. The people do not use coal eight months in one year. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The clean air is important when the Olympics Games is held in Beijing. B. The success of the Olympics Games depends on the clean air. C. The government spare no effort to make the environment better. D. The emission level of poisonous substances will be low in 2008.
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
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高三英语阅读理解(带详解)
I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. ―I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.‖ He laughed, ―You’ll give me a quarter for my story?‖ I lay the quarter in front of him and corrected myself –―Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.‖ I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. ―I was in the army,‖ he said. ―I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the enemy from the distance.‖ I listened carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. ―I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,‖ he said. ―One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.‖ The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? ―I have no regrets,‖ the homeless man said. ―I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed anyone in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.‖ He continued, ―I can live with being homeless—that’s okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with killing innocent people.‖ On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order
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（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
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