牛津版高一英语

Unit 1 （上）

【单词、词组】

一、重要单词：

access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax

二、重点词组：

class teacher 班主任at ease with 和….相处不拘束school hours学校作息时间earn respect from 赢得…的尊敬sound like听起来象for free 免费get a general idea 了解大意as well as 除….以外, 也key words 关键词word by word 逐字逐句地find one’s way around 认识路develop an interest in 培养对….的兴趣surf the Internet网上冲浪

【语法】

定语从句(1)

用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair。定语从句通常由关系代词that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as或关系副词when/ where/ why引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。请看例句：

1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行词person,在从句中作主语)

2.Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend，在从句中作宾语, 所以常用代词who的宾格形式).

3.China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (关系代词that指代weak nation，在从句中作表语)

4.The school whose floor space is very limited can’t take in one more student. (关系代词whose 指代the school’s ，从句中作floor space的定语)

5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. (关系副词where指

代主句中的地点状语gym 在从句中作状语)

Unit 1 （下）

【单词、词组】

一、重要单词：

contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.

二、重点词组：

refer to 指, function as当作…使用, 具有….的功能, leave out省略, relate to 和…相关, pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place发生, make decision作决定, make comparison作比较, take turns轮流, follow the outline按照纲要, be responsible for对…负责, consist of包含,由…构成, come up with想出, base on根据, have it approved by…征得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up签名参加.

【语法】定语从句(2)

1．定语从句中关系代词that、which 用来指代物，who 、whom和that 用来指代人，whose 用来表示所属关系，关系副词when、where和why指代时间、地点和原因。

2．关系代词的用法

(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：

All that I have is my love for this land.

There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain.

(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。例如：

The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.

No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.

(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：

There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.

(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似。例如：

She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to

her mother.

(5) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。

(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

(7) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用who 或whom，不用which。例如：

Is there anyone here who will go with you?

(8)关系代词that/which/who/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略。例如：

The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.

Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us.

As在定语从句中的用法

一. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

（１）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

（２）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：

The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

二．关系副词引导的定语从句

1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句

关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。例如：

We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.

This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine.

2. that有时也可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因

That有时可以代替关系副词when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，这种定语从句中的that也可以省去。例如：

That is the time(that) he arrives.

That is the reason (that) he came.

Unit 2 （上）

【单词、词组】

一、重要单词：

act(n), scene, curtain, trash, garbage, charge, adult, , behavior, teenager, punish, period, argument, relationship, force, unpleasant, character, explain, slam, vet(veterinarian), style, mess, thumb, vs(versus), plus, competition, sink, fault, boring.

二、重点词组：

common to对…来说很普遍, turn up调高声音, 出现a waste of 浪费, no more不再, spare time空余时间, force….to…强迫（某人）做, can’t wait to.. 迫不及待地要, be supposed to被期望或要求, 本应该，do with 处置, 忍受，需要be a mess/ in a mess乱成一团, leave sb in charge 委托…..负责, act like行为举止象…, go unpunished不受惩罚, go out熄灭, have one’s arm crossed双臂交叉抱在胸前, deserve to值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配”be hard on对某人苛刻, now that既然, in the form of以的形式, than ever before 比以前任何时候都, be angry at对某事生气, even if即使, treat sb like…象一样对待, argue about为…而争吵, the cause of起因, differ in many ways在许多方面不同, fit badly非常不合身。

【语法】定语从句(3)

一、．“介词＋关系代词”结构

(1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that 。这类结构的定语从句通常可以和带关系副词的定语从句互相转换，例如：

This is a free country where everyone enjoys freedom of speech.

This is a free country in which everyone enjoys freedom of speech.

(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：

We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..

(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：

This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

二、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的补语

能在定语从句中作主语的补语的关系代词只有that, 这时的that既能指人也能指物，但往往省略。例如:

When Laura was born, Bettie decided her daughter would be the singer (that)she always wanted to be.

Mr. Lee still talks like the man that he was ten years ago.

三、关系代词as和which 作主语，都可以代表前面整个句子。但由as引导的定语从句可以前置。例如：

He saw the girl, as/which he hoped he would.

As he hoped he would, he saw the girl.

As 还可用于the same…..as, such…..as, as……as 等结构中。例如：

Such opinions as he holds sound strange to ordinary people.

We are facing the same problem as we did years ago.

Unit 2 （下）

【单词、词组】

一、重要单词：

upset, sincerely, insist, chat, valuable, period, argument, freedom, relationship, suggest, spare, unloving, forbid, tone, frustrated, express, volume, stress, pause, exact, emotional, mood, gist, merely, regular, solve, column ,columnist, resource, proofread, version, nervous.

二、重点词组：

rising/falling tone升调、降调, talk show谈话节目, main point要点, supporting information辅助性信息, a diary entry一篇日记, be proud of为….感到骄傲, stay up late熬夜, mix up混淆, after all毕竟, take one’s advice接受建议, miss doing sth怀念以前做的某事, keep in mind记住, get it tidied up把它整理好, clean up打扫干净, make a difference要紧, provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb为某人提供, provided that假如, to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是, as though就好像, insist on doing坚持要做, allow him his freedom允许给他自由, send sb to bed叫某人去睡觉, forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事, assign roles to分派角色, argue about sth with sb为某事和某人争吵.

【语法】

1. They are meant to be read aloud, and often use less formal language than other type of writing. 剧本是要被朗读的，它使用的语言没有其他文体那么正式。

“Be meant to be”+被动语态、名词或形容词，表示“应该用作、本应当作”和“be supposed to be”相似。例如：

Flowers are meant to be admired, not picked.

Sitcoms are meant to be light-hearted, but this one is full of violence.

副词aloud表示“出声’, loudly表示“大声”。注意loud可以当作副词和talk, speak, laugh连用，例如：They laughed loud and long. Can you speak a little louder?

2. You can’t write exactly the way people speak.

你不能原封不动地按照人们日常说话的习惯来写。

the way people speak在这里是方式状语，people speak是定语从句,修饰先行词the way。这句话较正式的写法可以是：

You can’t write exactly in the way that people speak.

You can’t write exactly the way in which people speak.

3. But I don’t think you are being fair at all.

但我觉得你这样做一点也不公平。

Be+being 构成了be动词的进行时，后面跟形容词或名词，表示主语当前的状况，也可以表示进行时的被动语态。例如：

You are silly.你很蠢。(对人的评价，在这里是一种人身攻击)

You are being silly你现在的行为或想法很蠢。(就事论事)

He is polite.他有礼貌。

He is being polite.他这样做是出于礼貌。

Many rivers and lakes are being polluted through out China.

4. I understand you used to spend a lot of time together back when Christina was younger.

据我所知当克里思蒂娜小的时候你和她一起度过很多时光。

I understand是访谈节目和外交场合中一个常用的辞令，它比I know, I hear, I guess更灵活，对所提及信息的来源和可信度都没有明确的说法，可以根据上下文译成“据我所知、我听说、我猜、我个人的理解是…等”, 也可以说My understanding is…….。

Back= in the past, 常出现在口语当中。

5. Many people in families become upset with each other over small problems.

许多家庭成员之间因为一些小问题彼此不愉快。

Upset 作vt/ vi 时重音在第二个音节上，过去式和过去分词同形，表示“弄翻、倾覆、扰乱、使不安”。也可作名词，重音在前。本句话里upset是过去分词，become的表语。

表示纷争的起因，用介词over. 例如：

The two countries often fight over border disputes.

They are always quarreling over minor differences.

6. Small problems become big ones, however, if they are not discussed and dealt with early on.

然而，如果不尽早商讨解决，小问题就会变成大问题。

Deal: n. 数量，a (good/ great) deal of +不可数名词，交易，如：It’s a deal(成交)；v.分配、经营。词组deal with 有和….做生意、与…有来往、对待、对付、相关、处理等意思。它作“处理”讲时，要和do with区分清楚。deal with作“处理”讲时是指“怎样对付或解决”，提问时用how; do with作“处理”讲时是指“使用、处置”，提问时用what。例如：

How did you deal with pollution in the river?—We tried to treat the city’s sewage before it poured into the river.

What did you do with the sewage?-- We treated it and recycled it for industrial use.

Early on：near the beginning“在早期、刚开始的时候”，多用于口语中。

7. Recently he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.

近来他一直拒绝做他的家庭作业，固执地把时间浪费在看DVD和听外国音乐上。

Have/has been doing是现在完成进行时，指说话前一段时间一直进行或多次重复的动作。Insist on+n/doing sth: 坚持、坚决主张(做某事)；或insist＋从句“that sb (should) do sth”。要注意persist in＋n/doing sth也是“坚持”，但insist on坚持的是看法或主张,竭力主张去做某事；persist in坚持的是行为和做法，即不放弃正在进行的事情。例如:

He persisted in doing that experiment though the smell in the lab was getting worse and worse. She insisted on going out for a picnic though the sky looked ominously dark.

8. What am I to do?

我该怎么办？

相当于What shall I do? Be动词＋不定式表示按计划和情理将要或应该发生的事。例如：The president elect is to make his inaugural speech on Monday.

You are to follow his instructions to the word.

9. When I refuse to listen to him, he shouts at me and the two of us fight like crazy.

要是我拒不听从，他就对我大喊大叫，我们俩就会象疯了一样争吵。

“the two of us”我们俩，us仅指我们两人；“two of us”我们中的两个, us 所包含的人数大于二。

like crazy象疯了一样，英语口语中的习惯用法，相当于“as if we were crazy”。还可以说：like cats and dogs。

Unit 3（上）

【单词、词组】

一、重要单词：

stay(系动词：保持), slim, figure, weight, ashamed, recover, failure, contain, chemical, seldom, damage, attractive, touching, embarrassed, pressure, overweight, diet, properly, skinny, consider, fit(强健的), pill, appearance, especially, amazed, archery, squash, aerobics(有氧运动), triathlon(铁人三项), category, partial(部分的), response, purpose, confirmation, actually, recognize.

二、重点词组：

work out锻炼、训练, go on diets/a diet实行节食, in secret私自, side effect副作用, put on weight体重增加, lose weight减肥, be ashamed of对….感到羞耻, an exact match for和….完全匹配的…，follow one’s advice听从某人的建议, sound fun听起来象是件有趣的事, team sport团队运动, build up增强, regret doing sth后悔做了某事, risk doing sth冒做某事的风险.

【语法】

一、非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

二、反意疑问句：

（1）反意疑问句是由陈述句以及其后面的简略疑问句构成，前一部分为陈述句，后一部分由助动词或情态动词+ 主语(人称代词)

构成，可表示真实的疑问。也可以表示说话者的某种倾向，强

调或反问

It’s raining , isn’t it?

(2)反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句是肯定的，则疑问部分为否定形

式；反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句中若为否定，则疑问部分为

肯定形式。

(3)前半部分陈述句含有hardly, never, seldom, few, little等词时，

疑问部分为肯定形式。

We hardly know each other, do we?

There is little left for us to do, there is?

(4)反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句中若使用了助动词，情态动词

或be 动词，后半部分先重复这些动词，然后+ not +主语，

构成简略句

You can read this , can’t you?

She should have a rest , shouldn’t she?

(5)如果反意疑问句前半部分肯定句中谓语动词是实意动词，后半

部分一般由didn’t / doesn’t 和didn’t + 主语构成

We need some salad too , don’t we?

He looks like his father , doesn’t he?

(6)祈使句后面的反意疑问句是will you/shall we?

Let’s stop quarreling and get down to business, shall we?

Come over to my house, will you?

Unit 3（下）

【单词、词组】

一、重要单词：

Guideline, highlight, lifestyle, advertisement, commercial(n), convey, , afford, , offer, yoga, branch, square, shape, figure, trainer, , brief, abbreviation, contraction, symbol, seldom, , proper, energy, count, concentrate, chemical, amount, booklet, survey, conduct, analyze, statistics, questionnaires, permission, give out, create, percentage, level, pin, persuade, omit, skip, virus, remove, item, recommend, mention, summary, conclusion, calorie.

二、重点词组：

Prompt box提词台, a reminder of提醒某人想起某事的人或事物, call sb names骂人, cheer up高兴起来, closely related紧密相关的, live(lead) a…. life过着….样的生活, , a headache to 令人头疼的人或事, along with一起, in the long term(run)从长远角度看, give up on放弃, a

good amount of适量的、许多, in no time很快, give out分发、发出, allow enough time for sb to do…留出充足的时间让某人做某事, skip meals不吃饭, membership fee会员费,

【语法】

1.You can highlight main points by underling them.

你可以通过下划线来强调要点。

Highlight本来是美术术语“高光点”，指画面上最亮、最显著的地方。这里highlight作动词，表示“强调”。Main points指文章的要点。

这句话的结构是：do sth by doing sth, 表示通过做某事达到某个目的，例如：

He keeps fit by going to the gym twice a week.

The students enlarged their vocabulary by reading English Novels.

2.Is there such a thing as being big boned?

有没有“骨架大”这么回事？

介词短语as being big boned在句子中作定语，“being big boned”是动名词短语，作介词as 的宾语。类似的句子还有：Her friends all speak of her as being sweet-tempered。

As也可以作关系代词，在限制性定语从句中常和such, the same, so连用; 在非限制性定语从句中代指主句的整个内容，例如：

Such exercises as he does are good for old people.

I hold the same view as the majority does.

He is a teacher, as is clear from his manner.

As was his wont(习惯), he cleared his throat before starting the lecture.

Big boned 指“骨架大的”。

3.Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports.

步行和骑自行车都有用，学校里的体育活动也有用。

Count除“计数，计算”的意思外还有“被视为、在…之列、有…作用”等意思。例如：His opinions don’t count.

Knowledge without common sense counts for little.

so do school sports是省略句，相当于：school sports also count.

4.When you sleep, your body prepares you for the day to come.

当你睡觉的时候，你的身体为新的一天做好准备。

Prepare sb for sth: 使….做好….的准备，例如：

Education prepares students for their future careers.

We must prepare her for the bad news so that it won’t come to her as too much a shock.

不定式短语to come在本句中作定语，修饰the day, 表示“即将来临的”

5.As a matter of fact, loss of sleep can make you look tired, and even cause you to put on

weight.

事实上，睡眠不足会使你看起来疲倦，甚至导致你体重增加。

As a matter of fact: in fact。Loss 是lose 的名词形式，loss of sleep 意思是“睡眠不足”，不是“失眠”。Cause sb to do sth, 使某人做某事。

6.Many teenagers are surprised to learn that when you exercise, your body

produces some chemicals that make you feel relaxed and increase your ability to concentrate when you study.

许多青少年听说体育锻炼可以使身体产生帮助放松精神、促进集中注意力的化学物质时都觉得吃惊。

Be surprised to learn得知某事感到惊奇，learn在这里是“得知、了解到”的意思。surprised to learn