2014年职称英语理工A押题整理

Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright

1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?

A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.

2.Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding

B.what made our ancestors walk upright.

3.Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees.

C.liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.

4.Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs四肢during Kyoto University's experiment?

D.Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.

5.What can we infer from the reading passage?

D.Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.

Batteries Built by Viruses

1.According to the first paragraph, people try to

C.Stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.

2.What is Belcher’s team doing at present?

C.It is making batteries with viruses

3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word ―shrink‖ appearing in paragraph 5?

D.Expand

4.Which of the following is true of Belcher’s battery mentioned in paragraph 6?

D.It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.

5.How tiny is one battery part?

A.Its width is one tenth of a hair.

Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"

1.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?

C.Because their activity affects the environment.

2.As predators, ants

A.prey on small as well as large animals.

3.Dir Sanders’ study centered on how ants

D.produce such a big impact on the environment

4.What does paragraph 6 tell us?

B.Ants bring about a positiveinfluence to an area when their population is small

5.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?

C.How do human activities affec t ants’ influence on a given ecosystem?

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety

1.What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?

D.Female teachers’ confidence信心in their math skills is related to girl’s math s kills.

2.What is implied暗示in the third paragraph?

B.A difficult subject like math may affect teachers’ confidence in teaching the subject.

3.According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt

C.uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt

4.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings

A.prove a strong link between female teachers’ math anxiety and their female students’ math achievements

5.David Geary thinks that

B.the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.

Cell Phones Increase Traffic Pedestrian Fatalities

1.The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D. Loeb

D.both A and C.

2.According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities?

B.Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass

3.What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?

B.The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use

4.What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5?

A.It had a life-taking effect because there weren’t enough cell phones in use then .

5.Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question ― What caused the ―life-savin g effect‖ to occur in the early 1990s?‖

B.The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million

U．S．Scientists Confirm Water on Mars

1.What was discovered by NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?

C.Water in a soil sample.

2.Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?

C.The samples got stuck inside the scoop

3.Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?

A.Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars

4.Where are the scientists involved in the research from?

C.They are from both America and Canada.

5.Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix’s Surface Stereo Imager camera, according to your un derstanding of the passage?

A.It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.

Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed

1.According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements about the theory or evolution is true?

B.School boards oppose反对AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.

2.Which one of the following is NOT the reason for an overall lack of teaching Darwin's theory?

D.Darwin's theory is denied拒绝，否定as the central theory of biology.

3.AIBS's is composed of.

A.more than 80 societies and 250,000 members

4.According to Weis in the 5th paragraph, the theory of evolution_______.

A.is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and geonomics

5.Why do people replace the term creationism with the term intelligent design nowadays?

D.Because the term creationism is too direct.

Renewable Energy Sources

1.What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article?

D.A and B.

2.China’s Three Gorges Dam

C.is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world.

3.Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides?

B.Norway.

4.Which of the following statements is true of wind power?

D.All of the above.

5.According to the article, resources such as wind

B.are renewable so sustainable.

Too Little for Global Warming

1.What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?

D.Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth’s doomsday will never materialize.

2.Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree to

B.cut CO2 emissions.

3.What are the estimates of the world’s oil and gas reserves?

D.3,500 billion by a growing number of scientists.

4.Which of the following about Nebojsa NaJcicenovic is true?

D.He thinks tha t IPCC’s estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.

5.Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic’s assertion that ―… such a switch would be disastrous . . . "

B.A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.

Clone Farm

1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?

C.Cloned chickens are bulk-produced大量生产with the same growth rate, weight and taste

2.Which institution has offered $4. 7 million to fund the research?

A.The US’s National Institute of Science and Technology

3.In the third paragraph, by saying― Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,‖ Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes

D.chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed

4.Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?

C.Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines

5.The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that

A.farmers can order certain strains of chicken only

【完型填空】

Free Stains With Fast Food Could Neutrailze Heart Risk

Fast food outlets could1 provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London2 suggest in a new study.

Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ―LDL‖ cholesterol3 in the blood. A wealth of trial data4 has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk

In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology5, Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is .enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.

Dr Francis, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who is the senior author of the study, said: ―Statins don’t cut out all of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries6. It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fas t food meal increases it. ―

N’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense7 to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence

per customer—— not much different to a sachet of sugar8, ― Dr Francis said.

When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, like wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a stain is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.

“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquak e Damage

The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant leve l of soil ―liquefaction‖2 that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows.

We’ve seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe,‖ said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. ―Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,‖ Ashford said. ―The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and Infrastructure these communities need to function. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet. ‖

Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any majo r earthquake. It’s a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse.

But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.

― With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,‖ he said. ―And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable.‖

The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.

There’s no doubt that we’ll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar events,‖ Ashford said. ―Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.‖

Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction – on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The ―young‖ sediments, in geologic terms, may be those deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.

Anything near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse – even as they tilted and sank into the ground.

Shar ks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters

It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1. They are thought to attack people frequently. But these fish2 perform a valuable service for earth’s waters and for human beings. Yet busi ness and sport fishing3 are threatening their existence. Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth.

Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.

A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.

Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s bo dy defense and immune systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.

Sharks are important for the world’s oceans. They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.