数轴版英语时态讲解

数轴版英语时态讲解
数轴版英语时态讲解

在英语时态教学中引入数轴

由于汉语中的时态仅仅是通过应用不同的时间副词来进行改变,而英语中的时态则是通过动词的变化来表达的,这就加大了中国学生学习英语时态的难度。为了便于学生掌握复杂的英语时态,笔者通过在教学中引入数轴,极大的提高了学生对英语时态的掌握。下面,我将对在时态教学中数轴的应用进行举例阐述。

一、一般现在时(Simple Present)

1.表示重复的动作:

一般现在时可用来表示一个不断重复或经常发生的动作。这个动作可以是一种习惯、一个爱好,日常发生的事情,计划的事情或者时常发生的事情。同时,它可以用来表达一个人时常遗忘或不做的事情。

例如:I play tennis.

She does not play tennis.

The train leaves every morning at 8 am.

The train does not leave at 9am.

She always forgets her purse.

He never forgets his wallet.

Every twelve months, the Earth circles the sun.

The sun does not circle the Earth.

2.表示事实或概括

一般现在时可用来表明说话人相信一个事实过去是真的、现在是真的,将来还是真的。至于说话人是否正确并不重要。同时,它还可用来表示对人或物的概括。

例如:Cats like milk.

Birds do not like milk.

California is in America.

California is not in the United Kingdom.

Windows are made of glass.

Windows are not made of wood.

New York is a small city. (It is not important that this fact is untrue.)

3.表示现在(非延续性动词)

用一般现在时来表达一个动作正在发生或没有正在发生(只能用非延续行动词)。

例如:I am here now.

She is not here now.

He needs help right now.

He does not need help now.

He has a car.

二、现在进行时(Present Continuous)

构成:[AM / IS / ARE] + [VERB+ing]

例如:I am watching TV.

He is quickly learning the language.

1.现在正在进行

现在进行时通过使用延续性动词来表达某件事情此时此刻正在发生,也可用来表示否定。

例如:You are learning English now.

You are not swimming now.

I am sitting.

I am not standing.

They are reading their books.

They are not watching television.

What are you doing?

Why aren't you doing your homework?

2.表示某一时间段中,一件事情的进行过程

现在进行时可以用来表示一段时间中,一个延续较长时间的动作的进行过程,它并不表示我们在说话时也正在做这件事。

例如:I am studying to become a doctor.

I am not studying to become a dentist.

I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.

I am not reading any books right now.

Are you working on any special projects at work?

Aren't you teaching at the University now?

3.表示不远的将来将要发生的事情

例如:I am meeting some friends after work.

I am not going to the party tonight.

Is he visiting his parents next weekend.

Isn't he coming with us tonight.

4.与always或constantly连用表示重复或令人生气的事情

当现在进行时与always、constantly 连用时,表示令人生气或震惊的事情经常发生。这种句子通常带有贬义。(注意:always或constantly 必须放在系动词与分词之间)

例如:She is always coming to class late.

He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.

I don't like them because they are always complaining.

三、一般过去时(Simple Past)

构成:[VERB+ed]

例如:I visited my friends.

I often visited my friends.

1.表示过去已经完成的动作

过去进行时表示某个动作在过去某一时间开始并结束。说话人可能不提确切的时间,但一定有一个确切的时间。

例如:I saw a movie yesterday.

I didn't see a movie yesterday.

Last year, I traveled to Japan.

Last year, I didn't travel to Japan.

She washed her car.

She didn't wash her car.

2.表示过去完成了的一系列事情,这些事情一般按顺序完成

例如:I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the

others at 10:00.

3.表示单一的持续动作

表示一个动作在过去的某个时间开始并延续一段时间后结束,通常与表示时间的短语for two years, for five minutes, all day 或all year 等连用。

例如:I lived in Brazil for two years.

Shauna studied Japanese for five years.

They sat at the beach all day.

We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

How long did you wait for them?

We waited for one hour.

4.过去的习惯

表示过去的某个习惯,现在已经没有了。句中经常会用到always,often、usually、never、...when I was a child或...when I was younger等。

例如:I studied French when I was a child.

He played the violin.

She worked at the movie theater after school.

They never went to school, they always skipped.

四、过去进行时(Past Continuous)

构成:[WAS / WERE] + [VERB+ing]

例如:I was studying when she called.

I was carefully picking up the snake when it bit me.

1.表示过去被打扰了的动作

表示过去一个延续的动作被打扰,打扰这一动作的时态通常用一般过去时。

例如:I was watching TV when she called.

When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.

While we were having a picnic, it started to rain.

Sally was working when Joe had the car accident.

While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.

2.表示过去某一时间正在干某事

例如:Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.

At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.

3.平行动作

表示两个或两个以上的动作同时发生。

例如:I was studying while he was making dinner.

While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.

They were eating dinner, discussing their plans and having a good time.

4. 与always或constantly连用表示重复或令人生气的动作

当过去进行时与always、constantly 连用时,表示令人生气或震惊的事情过去经常发生。这种句子通常带有贬义。(注意:always或constantly 必须放在系动词与分词之间)

例如: She was always coming to class late.

He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.

I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

五、现在完成时(Present Perfect)

构成:[HAS / HAVE] + [past participle]

例如:I have seen that movie many times.

I have never seen that movie.

1. 表示事情在过去某一时间发生

表示事情在过去某一时间发生,确切时间并不重要。不能与表示确切时间的时间状语如:yesterday、one year ago、last week、when I was a child、when I lived in Japan、at that moment、that day或one day等连用。但可以和ever、never、once、many times、several times、before、so far、already 和yet 连用。

例如:I have seen that movie twenty times.

I think I have met him once before.

There have been many earthquakes in California.

Has there ever been a war in the United States?

Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

People have traveled to the moon.

2. 表示从过去某一时间一直延续到现在的动作(非延续性动词)

对于有些非延续行动词,我们可以用现在完成时来表示某事从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在。常用For five minutes、for two weeks、和since Tuesday等时间状语。

例如:I have had a cold for two weeks.

She has been in England for six months.

Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

六、现在完成进行时(Present Perfect Continuous)

构成:[HAS / HAVE] + [BEEN] + [VERB+ing]

例如:I have been waiting here for two hours.

She has only been studying English for two years.

1.表示从过去一直持续到现在

现在完成进行时用来表示某事从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在。常与for five minutes、for two weeks和since Tuesday等连用。

例如:They have been talking for the last hour.

She has been working at that company for three years.

James has been teaching at the University since June.

2. 表示最近、近来一直在干某事

我们也可以不用表示延续的时间状语而只用lately 、recently来表示最近一直在干某事。

例如:Recently, I have been feeling really tired.

She has been watching too much television lately.

Mary has been feeling a little depressed.

七、过去完成时(Past Perfect)

构成:[HAD] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]

例如:I had studied a little English when I came to the U.S.

They had never met an American until they met John.

1.表示在过去某事之前已经完成的动作

过去完成时用来表示某个动作在过去发生的另外一件事之前发生,或在过去的某一时间之前发生。

例如:I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 1992?

Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before in 1988.

2.表示延续到过去的某一时间

表示一个动作从过去的某一时间开始到过去的另一时间结束。

例如:We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.

By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight

years.

3. 与过去具体某一时间有关的过去完成时

不像现在完成时,在过去完成时中可以用具体的过去某一时间作状语。

例如:She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in

with them in 1996.

八、过去完成进行时(Past Perfect Continuous)

构成:[HAD BEEN] + [VERB+ing]

例如:I had been waiting there for two hours before she finally arrived.

She had only been studying English for two years before she got the job.

1.表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去的另一时间

表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去的另一时间,常与for five minutes、for two weeks 等连用。

例如:They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.

She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.

James had been teaching at the University for more than a year before he left for

Asia.

2.用于表示导致过去某事发生的原因

例如:Jason was tired because he had been jogging.

Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.

九、一般将来时(Simple Future)

构成1:[WILL] + [VERB]

例如:I will help him later.

I will never help him.

构成2:[AM / IS / ARE] + [GOING TO] + [VERB]

例如:He is going to meet Jane tonight.

He is definitely going to meet Jane tonight.

像所有的将来时一样,一般将来时不能用在以when、while、before、after、by the time、as soon as、if和unless引导的从句中。

例如:When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct

1.will 用来表达自愿的行动

will 表明说话人主动提出干某事。英语中常用will 来回应别人的抱怨和要求。

例如:A: I'm really hungry.

B: I'll make some sandwiches.

A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.

B: I'll get you some coffee.

A: The phone is ringing.

B: I'll get it.

2.will 用来表示承诺

例如:I will call you when I arrive.

If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has

access to inexpensive health insurance.

I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.

3.be going to 表示计划

be going to 常用来表明某人打算将来做某事。

例如:He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.

We are going to meet each other tonight at 6:00 PM.

A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake.

B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

4.will 和和be going to 都可用来表示预测

例如:The year 2000 will be a very interesting year.

The year 2000 is going to be a very interesting year.

John Smith will be the next President.

John Smith is going to be the next President.

The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.

The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

十、将来进行时(Future Continuous)

像所有将来时态一样,将来进行时都不能用于以when、while、before、after、by the time

as soon as、if 和unless 等引导的从句中。

例如:While I am finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Correct

While I will be finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Not Correct

构成1:[WILL BE] + [VERB+ing]

例如:When your plane arrives tonight, I will be waiting for you.

构成2:[AM / IS / ARE] + [GOING TO] + [VERBing]

例如:When your plane arrives tonight, I am going to be waiting for you.

1. 表示将来某一时间被打扰了的动作

将来进行时可用来表示将来时间的一个持续时间较长的动作将会被打扰。这个打扰的动作通常用一般将来时。

例如:I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.

I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.

While I am working, Steve will make dinner.

He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she

arrives.

2.表示将来某一具体时间将要发生的动作

例如:Tonight at 6 p.m., I am going to be eating dinner.

At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert.

3.平行动作

当在一个句子中用将来进行时表示两个动作时,这两个动作在同一时间发生,这就是平行结构。

例如:I am going to be studying while he is making dinner.

While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television.

Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good

time.

4.表示将来的现象

在英语中经常会用一系列的平行结构来描述将来的现象。

例如:When I arrive at the party everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza and

several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

十一、将来完成时(Future Perfect)

像所有将来时态一样,将来完成时不能用于以when、while、before、after、by the time、as soon as、if 和unless 等引导的从句中。

例如:I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. Correct

I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Not Correct

构成1:[WILL HAVE] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]

例如:I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S.

构成2:[AM / IS / ARE] + [GOING TO HAVE] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]

例如:I am going to have perfected my English by the time I come back from the US.

1.表示在将来某一事件之前已经完成的动作

例如:By next November, I will have received my promotion.

By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the entire house.

2.表示在将来某一事件之前持续的一个动作(非持续性动词)

例如:I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.

By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week.

十二、将来完成进行时(Future Perfect Continuous)

像所有将来时态一样,将来完成进行时不能用于以when、while、before、after、by the time、as soon as、if 和unless 等引导的从句中。

例如:I won't tell the student the answer until he has been working on the math problem for more than an hour. Correct

I won't tell the student the answer until he will have been working on the math

problem for more than an hour. Not Correct

构成1:[WILL HAVE BEEN] + [VERB+ing]

例如:I will have been waiting for two hours when her plane finally arrives.

构成2:[AM / IS / ARE] + [GOING TO HAVE BEEN] + [VERB+ing]

例如:I am going to have been waiting for two hours when her plane finally arrives.

1.表示在将来某一事件之前持续的一个动作

例如:They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Tony arrives.

She is going to have been working at that company for three years when

it finally closes.

James will have been teaching at the University for more than a year by the time he

leaves for Asia.

2.表示将来某一事件发生的原因。

例如:Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for

over an hour.

Claudia's English will be perfect when she returns to Germany because she is

going to have been studying English in the United States for over two years.

从对以上十二种时态的讲解我们可以看出通过在时态教学中引入数轴,可以更加直观地讲解时态,并有助于学生理解、学习各种时态。只要我们能够灵活应用数轴,就一定会对我们的时态教学起到极大的帮助作用。

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英语八大时态结构-含例句

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初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)

一、一般现在时: 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构:①be动词; ②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句: ①把be动词放于句首; ②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词都用are)

二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk is in the g lass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 【练习】

英语的八大时态用法详解

英语八大时态用法详解 一.一般现在时 1. 概念:表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2. 基本结构: (1)主语+ be动词(is / am / are)+表语 (2)主语+ 行为动词的原形或单数第三人称形式+其他(3)There be 句型:There is / are +n. +介词短语is / are 根据n. 的单复数决定。 否定形式: (1)am / is /are + not; (2)谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn’t,同时行为动词还原为原形。 (3)There is / are not +n. +介词短语 一般疑问句: (1)把is / am / are动词放于句首; (2)用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时还原行为动词;(3))There is / are +n. +介词短语: is / are动词放于句首。 3.标志性时间状语:

(1)on + 星期s = every 星期(2)once / twice/ three times a week (month / year …) (3)频度副词always / usually / often / sometimes=at times= (every)once in a while / seldom / never(不绝对) (4)in the mornings / afternoons / evenings = every morning / afternoon/ evening 4.用法: (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. (2)表示客观真理,客观存在或科学事实。 如:The earth moves around the sun. (3)表示格言或警句。 如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. (4)表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性等。 如:I don’t want so much. Ann writes good English but does not speak well. (5)一般现在时表示将来含义

英语语法初中英语动词时态和语态讲解

英语语法:初中英语动词时态和语态讲解 (一)动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。 英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如: a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。例如: a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如: a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea. 注:”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于…..” a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used tomming in winter. 3.一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。

运用时间数轴理解英语时态(完美版)

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初中英语必考-八大时态结构及用法详解

初中英语必考八大时态结构及用法详解 一.一般现在时 1. 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2. 基本结构:①is/am/are;②do/does 否定形式:①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语 为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 3. 一般疑问句: ①把is/am/are 动词放于句首; ②用助动词do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 4. 用法

1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east ofChina. 上海位于中国东部。 3)表示格言或警句。 例如:Pride goes before a fall 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 5)一般现在时表示将来含义。 a. 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用 来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。 b. 在时间或条件句中。 例如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

英语八大时态数轴讲解

数学轴助解初中英语时态 来源:星火教育网作者:Irene 点击:199次 在初中英语的学习过程中最令初中生们头疼的可能就是时态的问题了。其实初中的英语语法主要就是对八大时态的掌握和运用,这八种时态如果我们能完全掌握并灵活运用,初中的英语应该就不会差到哪里去了吧??学习这八大时态之前我们先明了下汉语中的过去、现在 在初中英语的学习过程中最令初中生们头疼的可能就是时态的问题了。其实初中的英语语法主要就是对八大时态的掌握和运用,这八种时态如果我们能完全掌握并灵活运用,初中的英语应该就不会差到哪里去了吧?? 学习这八大时态之前我们先明了下汉语中的“过去、现在、将来、正在进行的动作”分别表示什么含义。呵呵。套用本山大叔的小品,“过去、现在、将来”对应的就是“昨天、今天、明天”。 “正在进行的动作”肯定从字面意思就能明白。其次,时态学习的关键就是一定要立足于现在,因为时态的分析都是以现在为基点的。好的,接下来我们结合数学的时间坐标轴对时态进行成对讲解。 一.八大时态的基本用法 1.一般现在时和一般过去时 时间点:现在(一般现在时) 过去(一般过去时) 表达含义:现在经常发生或者反复发生的动作(一般现在时) 过去经常发生或者反复发生的动作(一般过去时) 构成:动词原形(第三人称动词后加-s/-es) 时间轴表示:

2.现在进行时和过去进行时 时间点:此刻(现在进行时) 过去某时刻正在进行(过去进行时) 表达含义:此刻说话时正在进行的动作(现在进行时) 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作(过去进行时) 构成:be(am/is/are/were/was+现在分词) 时间轴表示: 3.一般将来时和过去将来时 时间点:从现在看将来某一个刻(一般将来时) 从过去看将来某一刻(过去将来时)

【精品】初中英语语法八大时态总结(完整版)

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I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening . They go home once a week . We usually do our homework at home . b)表客观现实或普遍真理。 The sun always rises in the east . The light travels faster than the sound . c)表永远性的动作或状态。 He lives in the country . 4)第三人称单数变化形式。 a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s . come---comes speak---speaks work---works live---lives b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es. do---does go---goes finish---finishes brush---brushes fix---fixes pass---passes watch---watches c)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es. Study---studies carry-carries cry---cries d)以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词直接加-s. pl a y---plays st a y---stays

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