阅读理解之词义猜测题
大题提分练8阅读理解之词义猜测题(二)
限时30分钟
(提示：请利用阅读理解解题技巧13～15巧解本练习中的加黑的小题)
A(2019·石家庄二模)体裁：记叙文主题语境：社会生活难度：★★★☆☆
On March 16, 2018, eight-year-old Tanitoluwa “Tani” Adewumi, defeated 73 young competitors to win the New York State Chess Championship in his age category—kindergarten to third grade. While the achievement is remarkable in itself, what makes it even more so is that the youngster, who was homeless at the time, began learning the game less than a year ago.
Tani and his family arrived in New York City from Nigeria in 2017. They were offered accommodations in a homeless shelter and soon after, Tani entered the local elementary school. It was here that the young talent was first introduced to the basics of chess by a part-time teacher. Attracted by the game, then the seven-year-old begged his mother, Oluwatoyin, to allow him to join the school's chess club. Concerned the family would be unable to afford the fees and expenses, which add up to thousands of dollars, Oluwatoyin emailed Russel Makofsky, who ran the club. To her surprise and delight, Makofsky agreed to_waive_all_costs_for_young_Tani. The rest, as they say, is history. The young boy, who has got seven prizes in less than a year, currently ranks 27 in America in his age category.
Though the chess club certainly helps, it is Tani's devotion to the game that is largely responsible for his great success. Not surprisingly, Tani's incredible story, first reported by The Ne w York Times, has resulted in an outpouring of support from the American public. It has raised $200,000 in just ten days, far more than the original goal of $50,000, and the funds keep coming.
Since they now have a home, the Adewumis have decided to pay it forward and donate the over $200,000 collected on GoFundMe. They plan to give 10% of the funds raised to those who helped them. The rest will be placed in the newly-created Tanitoluwa Adewumi Trust and support African immigrants to America who are struggling the way the family was.
【语篇解读】本文讲述了年仅八岁的非洲难民Tani虽只学习了国际象棋不到一年，却凭着自身的天赋和不断努力在纽约州国际象棋锦标赛上获得初级组冠军的故事。作为难民的Tani 一家得到了热心人士的帮助，他们现在有了自己的家并且把多余的善款捐赠出去帮助贫困家庭。
好词积累①remarkable adj. 非凡的；②add up to 总计达；
③incredible adj. 难以置信的
1．What made Tani's achievement especially remarkable?
A. His quick learning.
B. His young age.
C. Support from his family.
D. Help from his teacher.
答案与解析A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While the achievement is remarkable in itself, what makes it even more so is that the youngster, who was homeless at the time, began learning the game less than a year ago.”可知，虽然八岁的Tani获得冠军令人惊叹，但是更厉害的是他才开始学习象棋不到一年。故Tani学会下象棋的速度之快令他锋芒毕露。故A项正确。
2．What does the underlined part “to waive all costs for young Tani” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. To teach Tani free of charge.
B. To raise money for Tani's family.
C. To pay for Tani's schooling.
D. To spend more on Tani's training.
答案与解析A词义猜测题。根据画线部分上一句中的“Concerned the family would be unable to afford the fees and expenses, which add up to thousands of dollars”可知，Tani的母亲担心自己家无力缴纳几千美元的费用所以向俱乐部负责人发送了一封邮件说明情况。由此推知，画线词所在句句意：令她惊喜的是，Makofsky同意免除小Tani的所有费用。故画线部分意为“免除小Tani的所有费用”与A项同义。故A项正确。
3．What's Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Reports of the media.
B. Activities of the chess club.
C. Tani's devotion to the game.
D. Public reaction to Tani's story.
答案与解析D段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Not surprisingly, Tani's incredible story, first reported by the Ne w York Times, has resulted in an outpouring of support from the American public. It has raised $200，000in just ten days”可知，第三段讲述的主要内容是大众在听到Tani的故事后做出的反应——热心筹款支持Tani。故D项正确。
4．What does the last paragraph tell us about the family?
A. They are poor.
B. They are kind.
C. They are honest.
D. They are pitiful.
答案与解析B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the Adewumis have decided to pay it forward and donate the over $200,000 collected on GoFundMe”可知，Adewumis一家决定将爱心传递下去，把人们为他们一家筹集的20多万善款捐赠给众筹平台GoFundMe。由此推知，他们一家人很善良。故B项正确。
B(2019·呼和浩特二模)体裁：说明文主题语境：自然环境难度：★★★☆☆
Beneath the water in the China's Qiandao Lake lies a hidden treasure. The ancient city of Shi Cheng (also known as Lion City), located in the province of Zhejiang, has been submerged underwater for 53 years. Shi Cheng was founded about 1,300 years ago in a valley surrounded by the Five Lion Mountains. When the Chinese government decided they needed a new hydroelectric power station (水力发电站), a dam and man-made lake were constructed and the city was left at the bottom of this new body of water. Now, it sits at depths ranging from 85 feet to about 103 feet.
Much like the Machu Picchu ruins in Peru, this underwater city remained forgotten until some renewed interests lead to its rediscovery. Qiu Feng, a local official in charge of tourism thought about utilizing (利用) Shi Cheng for entertainment on the lake and as a destination for diving clubs. On September 18, 2001, scuba divers made their first attempt underwater. “We were lucky. As soon as we dived into the lake, we found the outside wall of the town and even picked up a brick，” Qiu told Guangzhou Daily in an interview. More research was conducted, and it was discovered that the entire town was intact (完好无损的), including wooden beams and stairs. After the initial findings, international archaeologists and a film crew then recorded the preservation of the lost ruins.
Looking at surface of the lake, dotted with over 1,000 islands, you'd never know that an entire city was below.
It's incredible to think that after all this time, the structure still remains intact and we could one day visit it. Until then, Shi Cheng will continue to remain inconspicuously (不引人注意地) submerged.
【语篇解读】本文介绍了在风景如画的千岛湖下沉睡着的
千年古城狮城。建于1 300多年前的古城由于政府建设水电站“沉入”了湖底。随着千岛湖旅游业的开发，2001年相关部门对水下古城进行了初次探测，惊讶地发现城内的建筑保存完好。
好词积累①range from ... to ... 从……到……范围变化；②be dotted with ... 布满了……
5．Why was Shi Cheng covered by water according to the passage?
A. Because the city has a long history.
B. Because the government could attract more tourists by doing so.
C. Because the government needed to build a power station where it was.
D. The mountains surrounding the city led to the consequence.
答案与解析C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the Chinese government decided they needed a new hydroelectric power station (水力发电站), a dam and man-made lake were constructed and the city was left at the bottom of this new body of water.”可知，由于当时的政府修建水电站，在狮城原址修大坝和水库，所以这座古城就沉入了千岛湖底。故C项正确。
6．What does the underlined word “initial” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Original.
B. Great.
C. Wonderful.
D. Amazing.
答案与解析A词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“On September 18, 2001, scuba divers made their first attempt underwater.”可知，2001年潜水员首次对古城进行水下勘查，研究人员的这些研究发现都是以前从未有过的。由此推断出画线词initial意为“原始的；最初的”与A项同义。故A项正确。
7．What is the most unbelievable part of Shi Cheng according to
the passage?
A. It has something to do with Machu Picchu ruins in Peru.
B. No one was interested in the lost city for a long time.
C. Its structure keeps perfect in the water for a long time.
D. There are over 1,000 islands protecting the lost city.
答案与解析C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It's incredible to think that after all this time, the structure still remains intact and we could one day visit it.”可知，古城沉入湖底多年之后仍能保存完好，这让人们难以置信。故C项正确。
8．Who will most probably come to visit the lost city?
A. Someone who likes swimming.
B. Someone who likes diving.
C. Someone who likes climbing mountains.
D. Someone who likes taking pictures.
答案与解析B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Beneath the water”，“The ancient city ... has been submerged underwater for 53 years.”和“Now, it sits at depths ranging from 85 feet to about 103 feet.”可知，古城在水下85英尺到103英尺，所以潜水爱好者最有可能参观这座被水淹没的古城。故B项正确。
C(2019·贵阳二模)体裁：说明文主题语境：环境保护难度：★★★★☆
A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women's shoes.
Every day, millions of Americans drink water and other liquids from plastic bottles. More than 60 million of them are thrown away each day. Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.
A San Francisco start-up company called Rothy's, however, turns this plastic waste into environmentally friendly shoes. Roth
Martin is the company's co-founder. He explains how they turn plastic into soft material for women's feet. They take the plastic, clean it, and break it down into small pieces. Then they press them through a device that makes soft fibers. Those fibers are then combined together. This is done by a 3D machine. It is designed to reduce waste while making the shoes. The knitted stuff and the inner part of the shoe are then attached to the shoe's outer part, called the sole (鞋底)．This outer sole is also made from environmentally friendly material: responsibly sourced no-carbon rubber.
Rothy's shoes are sold online. They are flat shoes, with either a rounded or pointed toe. They come in different colors and designs. They cost either $125 or $145 per pair, depending on the design. After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them last year, the demand for the shoes grew. Martin says there is no shortage of material to fill that demand. “We're not going to run out of water bottles any time soon. So we have a limitless supply of material, and I think that is a good sign for our future.” When the environmentally friendly shoes wear out, customers can return them at no cost to a company that uses the recycled material to make other products.
For now, the shoes are only available to be shipped in the United States. However, the company says it will add international shipping in the near future.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法——一种将旧塑料瓶变成女鞋的方法。
好词积累①at no cost 不惜代价；②stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
9．How are used plastic bottles usually dealt with?
A．They are used to make shoes.
B．They are buried or burned.
C．They are changed into soft materials.
D．They are returned to factories for reuse.
答案与解析B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many of the plastic bottles end up in landfills or are burned with other waste products.”可知，处理废弃塑料瓶的方法是埋起来或焚烧。故B 项正确。
10．What does the underlined word “knitted” in the third paragraph mean?
A. Combined.
B. Fixed.
C. Spotted.
D. Repaired.
答案与解析A词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Those fibers are then combined together. This is done by a 3D machine. It is designed to reduce waste while making the shoes.”可知，3D机器将这些纤维混合在一起，旨在制造鞋子的同时减少浪费，故the knitted stuff指的是混合物。由此推出画线词的意思是“结合的”。故A项正确。
11．Which of the following directly helped to increase the sales of Rothy's shoes?
A. The design and color.
B. The reasonable price.
C. The star power of Gwyneth Paltrow.
D. The company's advertisement.
答案与解析C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After American actress Gwyneth Paltrow discovered them last year, the demand for the shoes grew.”可知，是明星的影响力直接帮助增加了这种鞋子的销售。故C项正确。
12．What is the purpose of the text?
A. To advertise a new kind of shoes.
B. To describe the process of making shoes.
C. To introduce a new way of recycling plastic waste.
D. To stress the importance of environmental protection.
答案与解析C写作意图题。根据第一段中的“A company in San Francisco, California, has found a way to turn used plastic bottles into women's shoes.”可知，本文是为了介绍一种回收塑料垃圾的新方法。故C项正确。
加练阅读七选五(2019·开封三模)体裁：说明文主题语境：社会生活难度：★★★☆☆
Travel is one of the activities people carry out most often during their spare time. Although travel may cost a lot of money, most people like to travel. Maybe, for them, to broaden their horizons and to be happy and healthy, are more important than money. 1The following tips on travel may help you if you plan to travel later on.
2If you want to enjoy a wonderful trip, you should think carefully about where to go. Before making a decision, you should seek others' advice and try to know more about the place that you are going to, including how to get there, the cost, the sights you plan to visit, and so on.
You should consider travel insurance. 3Once such injury or accident happens to you, you may not have to suffer both physically and financially as long as you have travel insurance.
4Here's an example: Nine friends ate at a restaurant when on a school trip overseas, eight had diarrhea (腹泻) the next day. The one who didn't get sick was the only one who had ordered a dish that didn't need to be touched by human hands right before serving.
Mind your basic safety. It's easy to let your guard down when you travel. After all, you're more relaxed and there are so many new sights to focus on. 5So, watch out for your personal safety at all times.
A. Know more about the place you plan to visit.
B. However, nothing is more important than your life.
C. You may easily get into trouble if you don't obey the rules.
D. Make sure to take things that you need during the travel.
E. Travel can be a wonderful experience and a sweet memory.
F. Be careful about what to eat when you are far away from home.
G. Especially if you plan to take part in adventure activities, you may get injured.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】旅游是人们业余时间最常进行的活动，虽然旅游可能会花很多钱，但可以开阔人的眼界，使人开心健康。作者就外出旅游，给出了一些建议。
好词积累①seek advice 征询建议；②get into trouble 陷入困境
1．E空前一句提到旅游的好处：可以开阔眼界，并使人开心健康。故正确选项应与旅行的其他好处有关。E项谈到旅行可以是一次美妙的经历和一个甜美的回忆，这也是一个好处，顺承空前一句的意思，故E项正确。
2．A本段及下面三段的结构都是“主题句＋解释说明内容”。本段缺少主题句。通读本段内容可知本段主要表达的是要想旅游好，需提前想好要去的地方，并多了解一些这个地方的相关情况。A项很好地概括了这一内容，故选A。
3．G下一句中的such injury是关键信息，说明空处的内容要提到受伤。选项中只有G项话题相关，其中的get injured 和空后一句的such injury相呼应，故选G。
4．F根据本段所举的例子可知，本段主要说明的是旅行时的饮食问题。F项“当你离家很远时要小心饮食”，很好地概括了本段主题，故选F。
5．B根据下一句开头的So可知，正确选项应是空后一句内容的原因，那么为什么要一直注意你的人身安全呢？上文提到因为有许多景点要看，旅游时很容易放松警惕，B项“但是没有什么比你的生命更重要”，这就是注意人身安全的原因，故选B。
词义猜测题解题技巧
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
阅读理解之猜测词义
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
阅读理解之词义猜测题
阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。
阅读理解专题③——猜测词义(教师版)
（教师版） 一、目标预设 通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解猜测词义的解题能力。 二、知识梳理 （一）猜测词义常用的十种方法 在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。 1．根据定义或解释猜测词义 这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。 例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 析：同位语意思是，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。 2．根据对比关系猜测词义 当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead，in contrast等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。 例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 析：in contrast对比之下，supercilious与modest意义相对应，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“傲慢的；目空一切的”。 3．根据因果关系猜测词义 表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, so…that等。 例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. 析：thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。 4．根据同等关系猜测词义 表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, or rather, to be more exact, namely, that’s to say, in other words，that is等。 例：His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 析：由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精”。 5．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义 这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 例：In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 析：句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。 6．根据标点符号猜测词义 这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 析：根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”，即“期刊”。
词义猜测—阅读理解配套练习题
专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题) 一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中 也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读 变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词 词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内 容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. The underlined sentence, means_______. 二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
(完整版)阅读理解之猜测词义老师版
Exercises for guessing the meaning I. Guess the meaning of the underlined parts and write down in the blanks. Mark the information which is useful to guess the meaning. （Yesterday's homework） No. 1. （2011湖南卷）（如在家里一样舒适的，家常的） Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack. No. 2.（必需品） A cellphone is a must for today's older workers instead of young people. No. 3. （2011年湖南卷A篇）（引人注目的，重要的） Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customers, especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Eastern cooking. 1 No.4. （who is ??下定义，木匠） A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter . No. 5 （or,同义同位，B） "Background music, or ' Muzak ' , can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---- such as the commercialisation of Christmas--- onto consumeer and influence their behavior, " experts said. “Muzak" now refers to. A. a company B. a kind of music C a song D. an instrument No. 6 （because因果关系+常识，A） Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots（嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees. The word " pruning " means A. Regular cutting （修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain No. 7 （like,举例归纳，C） Positive thinking stories can create change in a person. Whether you 're struggling through a pernicious habit like smoking or drug taking, or you are finding it hard to get out of an abusive （虐待的）relationship, reading success stories from people whohave experienced what you 're going through can help encourage you to finally change the things that you don 't like about yourself. What does the underlined word pernicious " mean? A. Mental B. Healthy C. Harmful D. Lifelong No. 8 （ 05广东卷）（对比转折unlike, D ） Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can 't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.” The underlined word roughly means. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed No.9 （but,对比转折B）
阅读理解猜测词义练习案
高考阅读理解之： 猜测词义练习案 Excise1 1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 3.They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 4. We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.— this week. 5. Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? 6.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 7.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 8. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. Excise2 A Plagiarism is one of the most serious problems in schools and colleges. It has occurred as lon g as there have been teachers and students, but the recent growth of the Intenet has made it much worse. Recent studies show 30% of all students may be plagiarizing on every written homework th ey’ve done. What is plagiarism? It is using others' ideas and words without clearly mentioning wh ere the information is from. Q: The word "plagiarism" means ________. A. cheating in the exams B. putting others' words in quotations C. rewriting others' articles D. stealing others' ideas or words B Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. Wa rm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underg round burrows. At night they search for food. Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blo oded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. As their body tem- perature rises, these r eptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weake r, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again. Getting enough wate r to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Q: The underlined word "burrows" in the first paragraph can be replaced by _______ A. holes B. caves C. rooms D. openings C Fishermen later killed and sold the shark after oceanographers confirmed that it was a whale s hark and therefore not under State protection. Q: The underlined word "confirmed "probably means ________. A. said B. believed C. thought D. made sure
阅读理解词义猜测题
阅读理解词义猜测题 词义猜测题就是考查考生在阅读时不用查词典，仅仅通过上下文的意思就能猜测出生词词义的能力。突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。考查的词有时为新词，有时为熟词新义。设问方式： 对单词意思的猜测： 1.The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________ 2.What does the word “….” In paragraph … stand for /mean? 3.“….” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4.the word “…..” is closest in meaning to _______________. 对短语意思的猜测 1.The expression /phrase “….” Means __________ 2.the underlined expression/ phrase in paragraph refers to / means _________ 3.“…” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4.the phrase “……” is closest in meaning to __________\ 对句子意思的猜测： 1.The sentence “…..” indicates that ______________ 2.The underlined sentence implies /means that ____________ 3.what does the underlined sentence mean? 4.By “….”, the author means that _____________. 对代词的意思猜测 What does the word “….” Underlined in the last paragraph refer to ? What does the underlined word refer to? 解题技巧： 1．根据单词的前缀或后缀猜测单词的意思 2．注意文章中能够解释生词的定义性语句 3．根据单词与文章其他部分的关系，通过对比、因果、比较等方法猜测词义。 4．根据同义词或近义词猜测词义 答题步骤 1．首先要认真阅读文章，对文章的内容有一个大体的了解，把握好文章的整体脉络。2．对题目中出现的要求考生猜测的短语、单词或句子的部分进行反复的阅读，力求从一下句或一些定义性的语句中找到有用的信息。 3．将猜出的单词、短语或句子的意思带入文中进行检验，看是否符合上下句的意思，文章上下是否衔接、连贯。 方法指导： 单词：对单词的意思猜测时要利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词或提示句进行猜测，并通过文章的大意来验证。 1. 根据上下文解释作出判断 根据短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，在上文或下文出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 例1 The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.（09湖南C） 66. The underlined words ―the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _____.