必修3第三单元知识点

戴氏教育蜀汉路校区学生:

vt. 经历；体验

He experienced the greatest hardship for the first time in his life.

他首次体验了有生以来最苦涩的滋味。

John is an experienced driver.

约翰是个经验丰富的司机。

He is very experienced in/at mending cars.

他修车和有经验。

（2）n.经历；经验

You have gained rich experience in teaching English these years.

这些年你已获得了丰富的英语教学经验。

［关键一点］

experience意为“经历（的事），阅历”时，是可数名词；意为“经验”时，是不可数名词。【活学活用】

1.介词填空

（1）She has realized＿＿＿her past experience that her husband would bring her a birthday present.

（2）Ms Gao is experienced＿＿preparing tasty dishes.

（3）＿＿＿my experience, few people really understand the proble.

2.单句改错

（4）He was turned down in getting the job, for he had no work experience.

（5）Many countries are experienced economic crisis now.

恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。

Drinking and driving is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.

酒后驾车是导致交通事故最常见的原因之一。

The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.

歉收导致物价急剧上涨。

This kind of disease caused many Germans great anxiety.

这种疾病给许多德国人带来了巨大的焦虑。

［辨析比较］cause，reason, excuse

【活学活用】

1.用reason/cause/excuse填空

（1）The＿＿＿of the fire was unknown.

（2）What’s the ＿＿＿for your hurry?

（3）When he is late, he can always find a(n)＿＿＿＿

2.完成句子

（4）这是内含因果关系的数据。

It is the ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿data.

(5)是什么导致他离开了公司？

What＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the company?

(6)这个孩子总是给父母带来麻烦。

The child always ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

3.单项填空

（7）Smoking is one of the ＿＿of heart disease and it kills lots of people every year.

A. causes

B. reasons

C. excuses

D.results

The idea occurred to him in a dream.

这个主意是他在梦里想到的。

It didn’t occur to her to ask for help.

她没有想到请别人帮忙。

［关键一点］

occur的主语通常为事/物，为了保持句子的平衡，通常将该事/物用it来代替，后置的that 从句是真正的主语。

［译］他突然想到自己没有锁门。

［误］He suddenly occurred that he hadn’t locked the door.

［正］It suddenly occurred to him that he hadn’t locked the door.

【活学活用】

1.用happen/occur/take place/break out填空

(1) The terrible war ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in 1937.

(2) When Babbage was working at Cambridge, a new idea ＿＿＿to him.

(3) What ＿＿＿＿＿＿to you last night?

(4)When will the wedding ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?

2.单项填空

(5) Has it ever ＿＿＿to you that you should have passed the exam?

The sandstorm picked up many houses last night.

昨晚的沙尘暴卷起了许多房屋。

We were able to pick up the BBC world service.

我们能收到英国广播公司国际广播节目。

He picked up the phone and dialed the number.

他拿起电话，拨打了这个号码。

She’s gone to the station to pick up some friends.

她到车站去接朋友了。

The market always picks up in the spring.

市场情况总是在春天好转。

He picked up the information from the magazine.

他从杂志上得到这个消息。

【活学活用】

1.写出下列句子中pick up 的汉语意思

(1)The hurricane is so violent that it can pick up the roof of the house.＿＿＿＿

(2) He kept picking up magazine and putting them down.＿＿＿＿

(3)Shall I pick you up at the station?＿＿＿＿

(4)My radio can pick up “Follow Me” very clearly.＿＿＿＿

(5)The economy is finally beginning to pick up again.＿＿＿＿

2.单项填空

(6)Without professional training , you could ＿＿a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.

A. put up

B. take up

C. pick up

D. build up

他摘下墨镜，礼貌地跟我打招呼。

Ladies and gentlemen , please turn off your cellphones. The plane is taking off.

女士们，先生们，请关上您的手机。飞机就要起飞了。

I’d like to take ten days off and take my daughter to Beijing for the holiday.

我想休10天假带女儿去北京度假。

With the help of Mr Green, John’s business took off.

在格林先生的帮助下，约翰的生意迅速好了起来。

［归纳拓展］

Please speak slowly. I have to take down your address and telephone number.

请说得慢一些，我得记下你的地址和电话号码。

When did you take up painting?

你什么时候开始画画的？

【活学活用】

1.写出下列各句中take off 的汉语意思

（1）Who took off the lid of the bottle?＿＿＿

（2）The plane took off from the airport and headed northwards.＿＿

（3）This was the moment when Spielberg’s career really took off.＿＿＿＿

(4) I’m taking the next week off.

2.单项填空

（5）(2011.陕西高考) Some insects ＿＿the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.

A. take in

B. take off

C. take on

D. take out

A very big earthquake struck Tangshan that year.

那年唐山发生了大地震。

That old tree was once struck by lightning.

那棵老树曾经被闪电击中国。

（2）vt.突然想起

An idea suddenly struck me.

我忽然想到一个主意。

［关键一点］

表示“突然想起”时，strike直接跟某人，而occur后面跟to sb.

(3)vt.打动

The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country.

参观者被乡村的美打动了。

（4）vt. （钟）敲响

The clock struck twelve. 钟敲了十二下。

（5）n.& vi . 罢工

The coal miners struck for better safety conditions.

煤矿工人罢工，要求改善安全条件。

我不明白他为什么总是迟到。

(2) Have you __________ how much the trip will cost?

你有没有算出旅行要花掉多少钱？

(3) ____________ if I take the night train, I can be in Scotland by morning.

我想如果我坐晚上的火车，早上就能到达苏格兰。

【活学活用】

I can’t ＿＿what has happened to the vegetables for they were freshly picked this morning. A. look out B. take out C. go out D. figure out

我们的日程排得满满的。

冬季这地方满是滑雪的人。

We all crowded into her office to sing “Happy Birthday”.

我们全都涌入她的办公室，唱“生日快乐歌”。

【活学活用】

1.句型转换

（1）The curious students crowded the hall on the second floor.

The hall on the second floor＿＿＿＿＿＿the curious students.

（2）Many young girls rushed into the room together to see the famous singer. Many young girls ＿＿＿＿ the room to see the famous singer.

2.单项填空

（3）Mount Huang was ＿＿with visitors from home and abroad during National Day.

A. share

B. placed

C. crowded

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e214423159.html,pared

There are lots of similarities between the two cities.

这两个城市之间有许多相似的地方。

［归纳拓展］

His interests are similar to mine.

她的兴趣与我的相似。

The two paintings are very similar in style.

这两张画的风格很相似。

［语境串记］

The twins are similar to each other in appearance.

这对双胞胎外貌上彼此很相似。

【活学活用】

1.完成句子

(1)我的教学风格和多数教师相似。

My teaching style ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿of most other teachers.

(2)这两座房子大小差不多。

The two houses ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

(3)他们的演唱风格有点像。

There is ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the way they sing.

2.单项填空

（4）Some people like wearing fashionable clothes; ＿＿, some birds like bright feathers.

A. possibly

B. likely

C. luckily

D.similarly

Studies show that lung cancer is closely connected with smoking.

研究表明肺癌与抽烟有密切的联系。

［归纳拓展］

That experience had something to do with my going into physics.

那场经历跟我日后进入物理行业是有关系的。

【活学活用】

1.介词填空

（1）The young man had nothing to do ＿＿＿ the accident.

（2）He no longer wished to be associated ＿＿the party’s policy.

（3）We need to examine all the costs involved ＿＿ the project first.

（4）Much of the crime in this area is related ＿＿ drug abuse.

2.单项填空

（5）—Was she ＿＿＿ with the crime?

—Yes, I suppose so.

My apartment is close to the restaurant.

我的公寓离饭店很近。

The two countries are close to signing a peace agreement.

两国即将签署和平协议。

［归纳拓展］

你要一直紧跟着我。小心狗！

【活学活用】

1.用close/closely填空

（1）Don’t stand so ＿＿＿ to her.

（2）The secret must be ＿＿＿ guarded.

2.完成句子

（3）我们的新房子离学校很近。

Our new house ＿＿＿＿＿the school.

(4)他快要成为明星了。

He is ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ a star.

(5)别靠近那墙。它快要倒了。

Don’t ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the wall. It’s falling.

3.单项填空

（5）John and Tony are ＿＿＿friends and they have been keeping contact ＿＿since they graduated from college.

A. closely; close

B. close; close

C. closely; closely

D. close; closely

There are visits and______ between schools, theatre groups and sports teams.

在学校、戏曲小组和体育队之间都有参观和交流。

观察思考

Usually，an exchange of opinions is helpful.

通常，相互交换意见是有益的。

We’ll have an opportunity to exchange views tomorrow.

明天我们将有机会交换看法。

【活学活用】

If you agree to our proposal of a barter(以物换物）trade, we’ll give you paper ______ your timber.

A.in exchange for

B.exchange

C.exchange for

D.exchange with

Alice overslept this morning. _____________, she was late for work.

艾丽丝今天早上睡过了头，结果上班迟到了。

About 21 million people died during the 1990s _____________ smorking.

20世纪90年代约有2100万人死于吸烟。

He has tried very hard to find a job, until now _____________.

他努力找工作，但直到现在仍毫无结果。

However, pollution and other serious problems have also _____________ human progress.

但是，人类的发展也引起了污染和其他严重的问题。

His hard work _____________ excellent grades in his exams.

他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。

（1）构成形式

with+宾语+宾语补足语。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾补由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。

（2）在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表示主动语态时，用现在分词；当这种主谓关系表示被动语态时，用过去分词；当这种主谓关系表示将来意义时，用不定式；当这种主谓关系表示伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。

1）with+名词+形容词

He is used to sleeping with the windows open.

他习惯开着窗户睡觉。（形容词）

2）with+名词+现在分词

With a boy leading the way ,they started towards the village.

由一个男孩领路，他们开始朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）

3）with+名词+过去分词

With the work done , he went home.

工作做完后，他回家了。（过去分词）

4）with+名词+副词

With all his children away, the old man felt very lonely.

所有的孩子都不在，那老人感到非常孤独。

5）with+名词+介词短语

The teacher came in with a book in his hand.

老师拿着一本书进来了。

6）with+名词+不定式

With a lot of work to do, I can’t go there with you.

由于有很多工作要做，我不能和你一起去那里。

【活学活用】

1.用with复合结构完成句子

（1）灯还亮着，他就睡着了。

He fell asleep＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

(2)由于天热，他晚上无法入睡。

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，he couldn’t sleep at night.

2.用所给词的适当形式填空

（3）With the temperature ＿＿＿(drop) rapidly, we could n’t go on with the experiment.

（4）With so many eyes ＿＿＿(fix) on me, I felt very nervous.

（5）With a lot of homework ＿＿(do), I can’t go to the cinema with you.

3.单项填空

（6）John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ＿＿, he gladly accepted it.

A. finished

B. finishing

C. having finished

D. was finished

【2】However, in other regions of the world,e.g Easter Europe, water is now mostly

safe to drink.

然而，在世界其他地区，如东欧，现在的水通常是能安全饮用的。

本句是“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构。drink 与主语water是动宾关系，但此处用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。使用该结构时注意以下问题：

（1）形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如easy,difficult,hard,important等。（2）不定式和句子主语是动宾关系，但用主动形式表示被动含义；不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后要加相应的介词。

（3）不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。

The question is difficult for him to answer.

这个问题对他来说很难回答。

【活学活用】

1.翻译句子

（1）这首乐曲听起来很悦耳。

（2）这把椅子坐起来很舒服。

2.单项填空

Hawking’s theory book called A Brief History of Time is very difficult＿. A.to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read

【3】We can give money to make the drinking water safe.

我们可以捐钱来使饮用水安全。

本句中的make the drinking water safe是“make+宾语+宾补”结构。the drinking water 是宾语，safe是形容词作宾补。“make+宾语+宾补”结构的常见形式有：

（1）make+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语

A good friend is someone who makes you happy.

朋友就是使你快乐的那个人。

Sit down and make yourself at home.

坐下，别客气。

（2）make+宾语+省略to的动词不定式

They made me repeat the story.

他们让我重复那个故事。

（3）make+宾语+名词（若为职务名词，其前不加冠词）

We made him monitor of our class.

我们让他当我们班的班长。

（4）make+宾语+过去分词

He raised his voice to make himself heard.

他提高声音让自己被听见。

［关键一点］

“make+宾语+宾补”结构中通常不用现在分词充当宾补。

【活学活用】

1.完成句子

（1）她慢慢地说以便使自己被理解。

She spoke slowly to＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

(2)她要孩子们在吃东西前洗手。

She made her children ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿before eating.

(3)这些照片使他看上去像个老人。

These pictures make him look like＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

2.单项填空

（4）The pirates (海盗)said that they would make their demands ＿＿to all ships.

A. know

B. knows

C. knew

D. knowing

【4】Beijing doesn’t have as many freeways as Sydney does.

北京的高速公路不如悉尼的多。

as many freeways as 是“as +many/much+名词+as”结构，该结构是as…as结构的具体形

so…as。常见形式如下：

He is as clever as his brother.

他和哥哥一样聪明。

She is as good an actress as Xi Meijuan.

她是和奚美娟一样好的演员。

I can carry as much paper as you can.

我能和你搬一样多的纸。

【活学活用】

1.完成句子

（1）这个图书馆里有多达一百万册书。

There are ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿1 million books in this library.

(2)人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，也是一门艺术。

It’s generally believed that teaching is ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿it is a science.

(3)她的书和图书馆的书一样多。

She has ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the library.

(4)这个工厂的钢产量跟去年的一样多。

The factory produced ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿last year.

2.单项填空

（5）I do want you to live＿＿＿ I have.

A. as a life healthy as

B. as a healthy life as

C. as healthy a life as

D. as life a healthy as