英语试题,回忆版~

英语试题,回忆版~

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四川大学2013年考博英语试题，回忆版~

Passage one

2010年英语专业四级考试真题

Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.

The Nazca "lines" of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet - meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoffat and abandon von Daniken's theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.

Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.

Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.

86. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.

B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.

C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.

D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.

87. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found

A. in mountains.

B. in stones.

C. on animals.

D. on a plain.

88. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the ____ the images they present.

A. smaller

B. larger

C. clearer

D. brighter

89. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of

A. the participation of scientists.

B. the emergence of the lnternet.

C. the birth of new theories.

D. the interest in the Internet.

90. The author is ____ about the role of the lnternet in solving mysteries.

A. cautious

B. pessimistic

C. uncertain

D. optimistic

答案：86. A Latin Amercia has long received attention

87. D on a plain

88. C clearer

89. B the emergence of the internet

90. D optimistic

2

Social circumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress w omen’s voices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family. Accordingly, a woman’s subjection, first to her father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women’s physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewish ness, and natural inferiority to men.

Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Elizabethan era (1558—1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women. Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities—mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court of Queen Anne (Ki ng James’ consort) and her often oppositional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably good education (modern languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women’s lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women’s mature a nd role.

Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian’s immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul’s epistles and elsewhere in the Bible

for patriarchy and a wife’s subjection to her husband, but some texts (notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women’s spiritual equality: “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ.” Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead.

There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power: as managers of estates in their husbands’ absences at court or on military and diplomati c missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum (1640-60) as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles—as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.

1. What is the best title for this passage?

. Women’s Position in the 17th Century.

. Women’s Subjection to Patriarchy.

. Social Circumstances in the 17th Century.

. Women’s objection in the 17th Century.

2. What did the Queen Elizabeth do for the women in culture?

. She set an impressive female example to follow.

. She dominated the culture.

. She did little.

. She allowed women to translate something.

3. Which of the following is Not mention as a reason to enable women to original texts?

.Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.

. Que en Anne’s political activities.

. Most women had a good education.

. Queen Elizabeth’s political activities.

4. What did the religion so for the women?.

It did nothing.. It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.. It supported women.. It appealed to the God.

答案祥解

1. A. 17世纪英国妇女地位。见上面文章大意。

B. 妇女服从于家族制。D. 17世纪妇女的反抗，都是A.内容中的一部分，不能作为最佳标题。

C. 17世纪英国社会形式，只能作为背景出现。

2. C. 她没有做什么。英女皇伊丽莎白在位时期间在文化上并没有妇女做过什么。这在第二段讲得很清楚。“伊丽莎白统治时期（1558——1603），文化领域为强有里女皇所控制，她本人确实树立了令人难忘的妇女形象，可是她并没有为其它妇女能够创作一些东西。”见前面列出之原因和下一道题的A. B. C.

3. D. 伊丽莎白女皇的政治活动。这文内没有提及。

A. 妇女亲情网对家长制进行抗衡。

B. 安娜女皇的政治活动。

C. 大多数妇女都受过良好教育。这三项在第二段中都提到。“首先，妇女亲情关系，如母亲，女儿，他们的亲戚网，好友；安娜女皇单独的宫殿，她那对立的化装舞会和政治活动都和族长制予以抗衡。”

4. B. 除了某些文本外，它也要求妇女服从。第一段，见上述内容。第三段集中论述这一点。“也许，最重要的是基督教固有潜在激进性。它坚持主张每个基督徒和上帝的直接关系，坚

持人首先责任是服从她或他的良知。在圣?保罗使徒书以及在别的圣经中有许多对家长制，妻子对丈夫的服从支持。可是有些文本镌刻着一种完全不同的政治观点，鼓吹妇女精神平等：”人没有犹太和希腊之分，没有束缚或自由之分，没有男女之分，因为在耶酥基督面前，你们都是一样。“

A. 它什么也没有做。不对。C. 它支持妇女。也不对，只有某些版本支持。D. 它求助于上帝。它借上帝之名压制妇女。第一段：“因此，妇女首先服从父亲，然后服从丈夫，体现了（象征）英国人民服从他们的君主，所有基督徒服从上帝。”

3

(07)专四真题

I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.

I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.

I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).

I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.

She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make eno ugh money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.

The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I lef t tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , of course.

I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.

I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!

There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.

89. According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace ____B____ .

A. refused to speak to her.

B. was pleasant and attractive.

C. was selling skirts and ribbons.

D. recognized her immediately.

解析：B。根据第3段对她的细节描写。“She moved with the same ease and loveliness … Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.” 由此可见，对她的印象是愉快的。

90. Which of the following in NOT correct? ____A____

A. The writer was not used to bargaining.

B. People in Asia always bargain when buying things.

C. Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.

D. The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.

解析：A。第5段“It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.” （在亚洲，人们有讨价还价的习俗。在老挝，人们讨价还价时总是轻言细语），由此可知，B、C、D是正确的。了解当地的习俗，所以很自然地开始bargain，所以A选项不对。

91. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because woman ____A/C____ .

A. thought that the last offer was reasonable.

B. thought she could still make much money.

C. was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.

D. was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.

解析：A/C。“she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money.”

92. Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts? ____C____

A. The skirts were cheap and pretty.

B. She liked the patterns on the skirts.

C. She wanted to do something as compensation.

D. She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.

解析：C。第6段: “that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase.” 由此可知，因为价格很低，所以想多买几件作为对卖裙子的姑娘的一种补偿。

93.When did the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not because ____A____.

A. she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.

B. she was afraid of crying in public.

C. she had learned to face difficulties bravely.

D. she had to show in public that she was strong.

解析：A。第8段：“I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without know ing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.”（我学会了抗拒困难，

不知不觉中，我也学会了不被温柔和轻松俘获。）由此可知，没有哭是因为她已经学会控制自己的情绪不会轻易受到影响，所以选A。

94. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again? ____C____

A. she suddenly felt very sad.

B. she liked the ribbons so much.

C. she was overcome by emotion.

D. she felt sorry for the woman.

解析：C。最后一段：“There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry…”（对于一颗慷慨的心你是无法防备的，所以这次我哭了，…）由此可知我哭是因为被卖丝绸裙子的姑娘感动了。

4

When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. 『At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.』①At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.

As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.

1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .

A. attempt to continue the standardization of the language

B. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns

C. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or history

D. be more aware of the rules of the language usage

2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in line 4 of paragraph 2.

A. Changes in the forms of words.

B. Changes in sentence structures.

C. Changes in spelling rules.

D. Words that have similar meanings.

3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.

B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.

C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.

D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.

4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .

A. historian

B. philosopher

C. anthropologist

D. linguist

5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage? A. The history of the English language.

B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.

C. Our changing language.

D. Some characteristics of modern English.

5(unit2--P:76)

We know very little-about pain and what we don't know makes it hurt all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in the United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance about pain-what it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone can rattle off the names of at least a dozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable cause, there is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self-limiting, that it is not always an indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result of tension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking, excessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modern society.

The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to eliminate it is to eliminate the abuse: Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers-aspirins, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesic drugs. Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical profession today is taking on the trappings of a pain-killing industry. Their offices are overloaded with people who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run to a doctor at the first sign of pain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soaked up by people who have nothing wrong with them except a temporary indisposition or a psychogenic ache.

The king of all painkillers, of course, is aspirins. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits aspirin to be sold without prescription, but the drug, contrary to popular belief, can be dangerous and, on sustained doses, potentially lethal. Aspirin is self-administered by more people than any other drug in the world. Some people are aspirin-poppers, taking ten or more a-day. What they don't know is that the smallest dose can cause internal bleeding. Even more serious perhaps is the fact that aspirin is antagonistic to collagen, which has a key role in the formation of connective tissue. Since many forms of arthritis involve disintegration of the connective tissue, the steady use of aspirin can actually intensify the underlying arthritic condition.

Given a modicum of respect, people ought to know that nothing is more remarkable about the human body than its recuperative drive instead of addiction to painkiller, which is also what our government should do.

13. The underlined phrase escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal (line 4, paragraph) is most probably mentioned to denote that ＿.

A.American people cannot endure even the tiniest ache because of the abuse of painkillers.

B. American people cannot undergo pain as if it is an ordeal.

C.American people have escalated their ability to endure every kind of pain.

D.American people have grabbed analgesic drugs of the whole nation.

14. According to the 2nd paragraph of the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. Illiteracy in the United States is widespread and causes a great deal of pain and hurt.

B. Even the most illiterate people can name a dozen of drugs that can restrain pain.

C. Sometimes pain is the result of many mental factors, such as tension, worry, stress, etc.

D. A person who cannot restrain pain by oneself is often regarded unhealthy.

15. Which of the following statement is true about America or American people?

A. Some American people take overdose of analgesic drugs and become drug addict.

B. American doctors are frustrated by the abuse of painkillers.

C. American physicians cannot give the patients correct diagnosis and treatment.

D.American people go to see doctors once there is a small hint of pain.

16. What does the author think about aspirin?

A ．It cannot be bought unless one has the doctor's prescription.

B It can be potentially lethal, b ut it doesn ′ t hurt the body on sustained does.

C It can cure arthritis besides killing pain.

D It will probably lead to arthritis if it is frequently used.

17. What is the author's attitude toward analgesic drug?

A. Negative.

B. Positive.

C.Critical

D. Prudential.

13. 【D】14.【C】15. 【A】16.【C】17. 【B】

6

Aldous Huxley was a most unfortunate man.When he died in 1963 he must have expired in the confident belief that the event would be given wide coverage in the press the next day. After all,his career had not been without distinction.Where he made his big mistake was in dying on the same day that John F.Kennedy was assassinated.As a result Huxley got about three column inches at the bottom of page 27.

In the same way the death of Victor Farris has gone widely unnoticed because he foolishly shuffled off this mortal coil at the same time as Mr.Konstantin Chernenko.Now,as you all know,Victor Farris was the chap who invented the paper clip.The paper milk carton too.And paper clips and milk cartons will be in use long after everyone has forgotten the name of the comrade who came between Andropov and whatever this new bloke is called.

The same goes for the inventor of the supermarket trolley who died in Switzerland a few months ago.Fell off his trolley,so to speak. For all I know,he may be a household name in his own canton and they are putting up a statue of home wheeling his trolley,and are going to commemorate him on one of those ever-so-tasteful Swiss postage stamps we used to collect when we were younger and wiser, but I doubt if his name will be remembered outside the borders of his small country.Personally I forgot it within minutes of reading of his decease.