高级英语视听说上第二版unit1-7复习资料

Unit 1

Part A:

1. anthem n. 圣歌，赞美诗

I get excited whenever I hear the playing of our national anthem.

每当我听到我们国歌的演奏都很激动。

2 salute v. 行礼，致意，问候

They saluted each other by raising their hats.

他们举起帽子互相致意。

3 constellation n. 星座，星群

My constellation is Great Bear.

我的星座是大熊星座。

4 stripe n. 条纹，条纹布，种类，军士军阶n. 鞭打，抽打

Tigers have orange fur with black stripes.

老虎的皮毛是橘黄色的，带有黑色条纹。

5. fabric n. 结构，织物，构造vt. <废>构筑

This fabric has a tear in it.

这织物上有个破洞。

6 bunting n. (装饰用)旗帜，旗布，白颊鸟，婴儿睡袋v. bunt的现在分词形式

7. breadth n. 宽度

1.We escaped by a hair's breadth.

我们从九死一生的险境中逃出。

2.She is a woman of great breadth of mind.

她是一个胸怀非常广阔的女子。

8. applique n.嵌花，贴花，缝花adj.嵌花的,贴花的

9. embroidered adj. 绣花的

Silk handkerchiefs embroidered by hand sell well in the Western market.

手绣的丝制手帕在西方市场销路很好。

10. replica n. 复制品

I had a replica in little of Independence Hall.

我有一件独立纪念堂的小型复制品。

PareB

1.Stripe: n. an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material 条纹

e.g.Which do you want for your new dress, a stripe or a check?

你要哪种料子来做新连衣裙，条子的还是方格的

v.mark with stripes使...带有条纹

I need one without ___, please我需要没有条纹的

A stripe

B line

C striate

D vein

2.scissors: an edge tool having two crossed pivoting blades

Eg: Make a nick in the cloth with the scissors.

用剪子在布料上剪个缺口。

3.sew: fasten by sewing; do needlework

Eg: I'll just sew up that tear, and the coat will be as good as new.

我把大衣的破处缝好，就会完好如新了。

Ex: Tack the folds down before you ______ them firmly into place. 先用大针脚将褶子松松地缀住，然后再将其缝纫到位。

A.run up

B.stitch

C.sew

D.seam

4.surrender:give up;acceptance of despair

Eg: It was shameful of them to surrender.

他们投降是可耻的。

Ex: We would rather die than _______. 我们宁死而不投降。

A.surrender

B.submit

C.yield

D.renounce

5. Half staff a position some distance below the top of a mast to which a flag is lowered in mourning or to signal distress下半旗e.g. Flags, which were at half-staff during the mourning period, fluttered in the wind.在哀悼期间降半旗的国旗在风中飘动。

Following the placement of the wreath, the marines will lower the flag to____ .

在敬献花圈后，美国海军陆战队员将降半旗志哀。

A half staff

B cross staff (十字杆)

C cover half (定模)

D in half staff

6. fortress: a fortified defensive structure

Eg: The fortress was the nucleus of the ancient city.这城堡是这座古城的中心。

Ex: The easiest way to capture a ______ is from within.堡垒最容易从内部攻破。

A.fort

B.fortress

C.haven

D.stronghold

7.anthem: a song of devotion or loyalty (as to a nation or school)

Eg: The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem.

典礼在国歌的歌声中结束。

Ex: The town band led off by playing the national ______.市乐队以国歌开始他们的演奏。

A.hymn\

B.anthem

C.song

D.chorale

8.perilous: fraught with danger

Eg: It is true during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature.

确实在探险中，他们经常面临着各种最有危险性的艰难和险阻。

Ex: Their _______journey across the ocean has attracted public attention. 他们的越洋冒险旅行引起了公众的注意。

A.dangerous

B.perilous

C.violent

D.risky Background notes:

1)The Star-Spangled Banner: 美国国歌，由美国律师弗朗西斯·斯科特·基(Francis Scott Key)作词，美国作曲家约翰·斯塔福德·史密斯（John Stafford Smith）作曲。

2)Alaska：美国阿拉斯加州。位于美国西北太平洋东岸的州，第49个加入美利坚合众国的州，其也是美国最大的州，世界最大的飞地地区，邮政缩写是AK。

3)Hawaii: 美国夏威夷州。美国唯一的群岛州，由太平洋中部的132个岛屿组成。陆地面积1.67万平方千米。夏威夷属于海岛型气候，终年有季风调节，每年温度约在摄氏26度至31度。

Part A answer:

(1)The name came from from a poem written by Francis S.Key in 1814.

(2)It received its first salute from the French on February 14,1778.

(3)Samuel C.Reider, a navy captain, did.

(4)Most flags are made of the nylon, woolen, or cotton fabrics.

(5)The stars are attached to the blue field of the cotton with a spot of glue, just for position,

and then, they are sewn permanently in place on the blue cloth; six stripes are sewn below the blue field and seven stripes beside the blue field.

Unit2

Part A Preview Reading

ⅠWords&Phrases

1. pilgrim ['pilɡrim] n.

one of the colonists from England who sailed to America on the Mayflower and founded the colony of Plymouth in New England in 1620 香客, 朝圣者

e.g. I edged closer like a pilgrim approaching a shrine. 我像一位走近庙宇的朝圣者一样再往近走。

2. course [k?:s] n.

a line or route along which something travels or moves 航向, 航线

e.g. The ship has altered its course. 这艘船改变了航线。

3. pitiful ration（少得）可怜的配给量

4. splendid ['splendid] adj.

having great beauty and splendor 极好的；壮丽的; 辉煌的

e.g. His reputation as a statesman is splendid. 作为政治家, 他的名声极好。

5. crude [kru:d] adj.

not carefully or expertly made 简陋的, 粗糙的, 未加修饰的

e.g. The cottage wears a very crude appearance. 那幢农舍外观颇为简陋。

6. communal [k?'mju:n?l, 'k?mj?-] adj.

for or by a group rather than individuals 公用的, 公共的

e.g. There was a communal toilet on the landing for the four flats. 在楼梯平台上有一处公共卫生间供4 套公寓使用。

7. salute[s?'lu:t]

an act of greeting with friendly words and gestures like bowing or lifting the hat n.致敬, 欢迎

e.g. He extended a salute to his father. 他向他的父亲致敬。

8. procession [pr?'se??n] n.

the act of moving forward toward a goal 队伍, 行列；列队行进

e.g. The students entered the school in procession. 学生们排队进入学校。

9. warrior['w?ri?] n.

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare 武士, 勇士, 战士

e.g. I like reading the stories ofancient warriors. 我喜欢读有关古代武士的故事。

10. interrupt [,?nt?'r?pt] vt. & vi.

make a break in 打断

e.g. You'd better not interrupt him. He is sleeping. 你最好别打扰他, 他在睡觉。

11. proclamation[,pr?kl?'me???n] n.

a formal public statement 宣布,声明,公告

e.g. The government restricted the use of water by proclamation. 政府公布限制用水。

12. adjournment[?'d??d?mnt] n.

the termination of a meeting 休会；延期

13. denomination [d?,n?m?'ne???n] n.

a group of religious congregations having its own organization and a distinctive faith 宗派, 教派

e.g. The service was attended by Christians of all denominations. 这次礼拜仪式各教派的基督徒都参加了。

14. head for朝…进发

e.g. We saw him heading for us, so we stepped aside.

我们看见他向我们走来, 就让到一边。

15. best of all最（好），首先

e.g. I like springtime best of all.

我最喜欢春天。

16. be loaded with负荷

e.g. be loaded with talent 很有才华

17. in remembrance of 为纪念…;回忆…

e.g. The book was published in remembrance of the incident. 这本书是为纪念这个事件出版的。

Part B Vocabulary

1. commemorate：vt. mark by some ceremony or observation(纪念)

E.g. A monument was built to commemorate the victory.

为了纪念胜利，建造了一座纪念碑。

Exercise:

To _____ important dates in history, countries create special holidays.

A. commend

B. memorize

C. propagate

D. commemorate

A monument was built to _________ the victory 为了纪念胜利，建造了一座纪念碑。

A、commemorate

B、mark

C、keepsake

D、souvenir

2. superstition：n. an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear(迷信，没有根据的理论)

E.g. It's a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.

认为黑猫不吉利，这是一种普遍的迷信思想。

Exercise:

A common_____ is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house-it will either bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the whole home.

A. argument

B. superstition

C. opinion

D. idea

3. Lunar: adj. of or relating to or associated with the moon(月亮的，阴历的，银的)

E.g. A month, especially a lunar month.

太阴月一个月，尤指阴历的月

Exercise:

The Spring Festival is the lunar New Year.

A. solar

B. lunar

C. Gregorian

D. Spring

4. Celtic: n. a branch of the Indo-European languages that (judging from inscriptions and place names) was spread widely over Europe in the pre-Christian era 凯尔特人的；凯尔特语的

E.g. But in 1982 a Swiss scholar thought the tablets and the letters came from Celtic times.

但到了1982年，一个瑞士学者认为这些泥碑和字母来自凯尔特时期。

5. Crucifixion n. the act of executing by a method widespread in the ancient world; the victim's hands and feet are bound or nailed to a cross 刑罚；苦难

E.g. Jesus Christ Superstar tells the story of the days leading up to the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth .

剧主要描述耶稣在拿撒勒被钉死在十字架上的过程。

Exercise:

Roman governor of Judea who ordered Christ's _________.

A execution

B persecution

C killing

D crucifixion

6. Ireland n. 爱尔兰

E.g. The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

联合王国包括英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰、北爱尔兰。

7. Passover n. 逾越节（犹太节日）

E.g. A brittle, flat piece of unleavened bread, eaten especially during Passover.

未发酵的面包一种犹太人过逾越节时吃的干脆未发酵的面包

8. Columbus n. 哥伦布市(美国俄亥俄州首府) n. 哥伦布(意大利航海家，新大陆发行者)

E.g. Columbus is said to have discovered America in 1492.

据说哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。

9. Veteran: n. a serviceman who has seen considerable active service n. 老兵；老手；富有经验的人

E.g. I have a son who is a veteran - he just came back from Iraq.

我的一个儿子是退伍军人，他刚刚从伊拉克回来。

Exercise:

It is generally known that New York is a city for _____ and a center for odd bits of information.

A. veterans

B. eccentrics

C. victims

D. pedestrians

10. Harvey Taylor 哈维·泰勒

11. Resurrection n. (New Testament) the rising of Christ on the third day after the Crucifixion n. 复活；恢复；复兴

E.g. One that most people know is the story of Jesus' death and resurrection.

大多人所知道的故事便是耶稣的死亡及复活。

Exercise:

A representation of Jesus appearing to Mary Magdalen after his ________

A rebirth

B reappearance

C Resurrection

D resurgence

Background Notes:

1,玫瑰花车游行-Rose Parade

每年元旦在美国西岸最受瞩目的盛事，莫过于在洛杉矶近郊巴沙迪那市所举办的年度玫瑰花车大游行。首届玫瑰花节起始于一八九零年元月一日，首届玫瑰花车游行吸引了二万两千人参加。时至今日，花车大游行已成为新年美国最令世界瞩目的重大文化活动之一。每年来自全美乃至世界各地近六十辆用玫瑰花与各种花朵装饰的大型花车丶乐队及游行之后的玫瑰杯校际美式足球赛，都会吸引逾一百万人参与。一九零五年，花车游行开始从巴沙迪那市高中女学生中选出玫瑰皇后和玫瑰公主，组成玫瑰皇室，代表参加各项与花车游行相关的活动，所以成为玫瑰皇后或公主，是任何一位在巴沙迪那市长大的女孩的梦想之一。

2,玫瑰碗球场 Rose Bowl

位于美国洛杉矶的这座球场有一个浪漫的名字：玫瑰碗，但它之所以被我们铭记更多的是因为1994年巴乔落寞的背影，以及1999年铿锵玫瑰的扼腕叹息。

3,马丁·路德·金日(Martin Luther King Jr.)

1月的第三个星期一联邦法定假日。美国学校、政府和联邦机构在这一天都不开放。星期一会有安静的追思仪式以及为追悼马丁·路德·金博士而举行的隆重的纪念仪式。在此之前的星期天，所有地区的牧师都会进行特殊布道，提醒每个人缅怀马丁·路德·金博士追求和平的一生。整个周末，知名的广播电台会播放一些讲述公民权利运动的歌曲和演说。电视台会播出特别节目，介绍马丁·路德·金博士的生平。在马丁路德金日，也称（MLK日），放假的学生会被学校组织到校外参加公益活动。比如去为穷人包扎饭菜，去黑人小学做大扫除等。

4,土拨鼠日(Groundhog Day)

每年的2月2日是美国传统的土拨鼠日，在这一天，冬眠的土拨鼠要醒过来，从洞里出来预测春天。一般来说，土拨鼠要看自己的影子，如果看到影子了，就回洞里接着睡大觉去，因为春天还要再等6个星期才能到来，如果土拨鼠看不到自己的影子，就说明春天就要到了。至于为什么要选择2月2日呢？因为这个日子来自“圣烛节(Candlemas)”，就是在圣诞节后第40天，这一天，天主教徒点起蜡烛来纪念圣母玛丽。这是个欧洲的传统，正如诗歌里唱的：

If Candlemas be fair and bright,

Winter has another flight.

If Candlemas brings clouds and rain,

Winter will not come again.

当德国移民在宾西法尼亚州定居以后，这些被称为Pennsylvania Dutch的人把这个传统带到了美国，预测春天的光荣任务就交给了美国的原住民“土拨鼠”。

5，Valentine’s Day 情人节

又叫圣瓦伦丁节或圣华伦泰节，即每年的2月14日，是西方的传统节日之一。这是一个关于爱、浪漫以及花、巧克力、贺卡的节日。男女在这一天互送礼物用以表达爱意或友好。现已成为欧美各国青年人喜爱的节日，其他地方也已开始流行。而在中国，传统节日之一的七夕节也是姑娘们重视的日子，因此而被称为中国的情人节。由于能表达共同的人类情怀，各国各地纷纷发掘了自身的“情人节”。

6,Saint Patrick 圣帕特里克节

圣帕特里克节（St. Patrick's Day）是每年的３月１７日，是为了纪念爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。这一节日5世纪末期起源于爱尔兰，如今已成为爱尔兰的国庆节。随着爱尔兰后裔遍布世界各地，现在，圣帕特里克节已经渐渐在一些国家成为节日。美国从１７３７年３月１７日开始庆祝。

7,耶稣受难日(Good Friday)

在早期的基督教会，只有纪念耶稣复活的星期日才是举行节庆活动的圣日。到了公元4世纪，复活节之前一周的每一天都被定为圣日，其中包括耶稣受难日。许多基督徒都会觉得“Good Friday”(中文无法直译，而是根据发生的事件直接译为“耶稣受难日”或“受难日”)这个名称不太合适。既然是耶稣钉十字架的日子，理应看作是“Bad Friday”。有人相信“Good”一词从“God”变化而来，本来意思是

“God’s Friday”(神的星期五)。还有人相信“Good”表示由耶稣殉教带来的拯救对世人是上好的馈赠8，Jesus Christ 耶稣

9，Easter 复活节

复活节（主复活日）是一个西方的重要节日，在每年春分月圆之后第一个星期日。基督徒认为，复活节象征着重生与希望，为纪念耶稣基督于公元30到33年之间被钉死在十字架之后第三天复活的日子

10，Cinco de mayo 狂欢节

这是一个墨西哥的重大节日，这是为了庆祝他们在1862年打败了法国人，据说这是墨西哥人很重视的一个节日11，Memorial Day阵亡将士纪念日

阵亡将士纪念日是美国大多数州都要纪念的节日，时间原为5月30日，1971年以后，为保证联邦雇员都能享有这一休息日，许多州将它改在5月的最后一个星期一.

12, 光明节 Hanukkah

每年十二月的圣诞节是普天同庆的日子，但犹太人到今日仍对耶稣抱持拒绝的态度，与二千年前无异（约十25）。所以圣诞节对犹太人而言并无意义，他们也不感兴趣。犹太人虽然不庆祝圣诞节，但在每年与圣诞节相若的日子，郤有另一个节期，那就是圣经中的修殿节（约十22）。

13, 节礼日(圣诞节后的第一个星期日)( Boxing Day)

Observed as a holiday in Britain and other commonwealth countries, when Christmas boxes were traditionally given to household employees and other service workers.节礼日节礼日(Boxing Day)，每年的12月26日，圣诞节次日或是圣诞节后的第一个星期日,是在英联邦部分地区庆祝的节日，一些欧洲国家也将其定为节日，叫做“圣士提反日”。这一日传统上向服务业工....

14,主显节(Epiphany)

主显节原本是东方教会庆祝耶稣诞生的节日。在古代的思想脉络中“主显”一词的希腊文原意是：一位神出现，使人肉眼可以看见；或是一位被当作神崇拜的皇帝，到他王国的某一城市拜访，使当地的居民能看见他。

15, 复活节(Easter)

A festival in the Christian Church commemorating the resurrection of Christ. Celebrated on the first Sunday following the full moon that occurs on or just after March 21.Also called “Easter Day” or “Easter Sunday”复活节饰品复活节（Easter），是纪念耶稣基督复活的节日，西方信基督教的国家都过这个节。在西方教会传统里，春分节（3月21日）当日见到满月或过了春分见到第一个满月之后，遇到的第一个星期日即为复活节.......

Part A answer:

(1)They were the Pilgrims looking for a place where they could worship God in their own

way.

(2)Because they had houses for protection from the upcoming winter; also, their

establishment of friendship with their Indian neighbors brought them security.

(3)Governor Bradford decided on December 13,1621, as the day for giving thanks to God.

(4)The Pilgrims’ Indian friends did.

(5)She is best known for her successful role in persuading President Lincoln to announce the

first national Thanksgiving Day proclamation on October 3, 1863.

(6)Because it is served in remembrance of the Indians’ gift to the first settlers.

Unit 3

Part A

1. mediator n..调停者

2. expedite vt. 加速，加快，有助于

3. orbit n. 势力范围, 轨迹

4. consolidate v. 合并，统一，巩固

5. retaliate v. 报复，回敬

6. integrate v. 整合，结合，adj. 完整的，组合的

7. blockade n. 【C】封锁，阻碍物vt. 封锁，挡住

8. armistice n. 休战，休战书，停战条约

9．Self-determination:民族自决，自我决定

10．Proclaim：声明，宣告

11．Emerge ：产生

12．War-ravaged：遭战役蹂躏的

13．Plunge：陷入

14．colonialism n. 殖民主义；殖民政策

15．self-determination n. 民族自决；自我决定

16．self-governing adj. 自治的；自己管理自己的

17．proclaim vt. 宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬

18．Puerto Rican波多黎各人

19．Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦（南亚国家名）

20．Burma n. 缅甸（东南亚国家）

Part B

1.coalition

an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty n.结合,联合, 联盟eg:By forming a ＿＿the rebels and the oppositions parties defeated the government. 通过成立一个联合政府，反叛者和反对党推翻了政府

A collaboration

B coalition

C collocation

D collision

Eg: ______ talks with the Labour Party and others got under way.

A. group

B. organization

C. coalition

D. allay

Eg:The _______ could break down before the five years expire.

此次联合可能在五年期限结束之前就破裂。

A. unit B coalition C. unition D. link

2 .mobilize

make ready for action or use vt. 动员，调动

eg：The President had constitutional power to ＿＿troops in an emergency. 依据宪法，总统有权在紧急情况下调动军队

A. summon

B. assemble

C. mobilize

D. organize

e.x:Party leaders hope to ______ activists next year and replicate their massive 2008 turnout A. mobilizing B .standing C. organizing D. forming

Eg. Our system enables us to_______ the necessary resources for big undertakings. There is harmony and stability in our society.

我们有集中力量办大事的制度优势、和谐安定的社会环境。

C. mobilize B. refer C. together

D. assemble

3.totalitarian

1)an adherent of totalitarian principles or totalitarian government n.极权主义者

2)characterized by a government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control adj.极权主义的

eg：The imposing monolith of ＿＿states often obscures their latent weaknesses.极权国家的庞大外表掩盖了它们内在的虚弱。

A dictatorial

B authoritarian

C tyrannous

D totalitarian

Eg:But, in principle, simply the existence of _____ states is an affront to democratic values A. totalitarian B. democratic C. republic D. autocratic

Eg: In present or formerly _______ countries, this downward cycle is even more apparent.

在当今以及过去的那些极权国家里，这种萧条周期更加明显。

A . extreme B. exceeding D totalitarian D. to the utmost

4.mediocre

1）moderate to inferior in quality

2）lacking exceptional quality or ability adj. 平庸的，平凡的

eg：I don't like that new restaurant; they charge fancy prices for＿＿food and poor service. 我不喜欢那家新开的饭店，那里的饭菜一般，服务又是差，但价格却非常高。

A average

B passable

C mediocre

D ordinary

e.x: Like many _______ novels, the trilogy is far better on the screen than on the page

A. ordinary

B. mediocre

C. common

D. average

Eg: Mobilising them is both the key to success and the guarantor of _______ investment

returns.

调动这些储备既是成功的关键，也是获得中等水平投资回报的保证。

A. same

B. ordinary

C. common C mediocre

5.cadet

a military trainee (as at a military academy) n. 军官学员

eg：pilot cadet 飞行学员

e.g The Army was going to recreate the entire 73 Easting battle as a fully three-dimensional simulated reality which any future cadet could enter and relive

军方准备重建起整个东73公里处战役的完整的三维模拟现实，以便未来任何军校的学员都可以进入并重新经历那场战斗.

6. compassion

1）a deep awareness of and sympathy for another's suffering

2）the humane quality of understanding the suffering of others and wanting to do something about it n.怜悯，同情

eg：It is not a sentimental ＿＿for mental agony inflicted upon a condemned man but a dread of destroying the miracle of life.

这不是对被判死刑者在精神上所遭受的极大痛苦的感情上的怜悯，而是对杀灭生灵的恐惧。

A .sympathy B. compassion

C .mercy D. pity

eg. _______ in World Farming, a lobby group, fears that crowded-in heifers will be stressed and unhappy.

世界农业同情会，一个游说团体，担心拥挤中的小母牛将会紧张和不开心。

A. Sympathy

B. compassion

C. Pity

D. Sympathize

7. aptitute

inherent ability n. 天资，资质，才能

eg：Edison had a remarkable ＿＿for inventing new things. 爱迪生具有发明创造的非凡才能。

A. aptitude

B. ability

C．capability D. talent

Eg:He showed an unexpected _______ for arcane derivative strategies and developed an avid interest in trading.

A. altitude

B. ability

C. aptitude D .gift

8.draft

1)a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another n. 汇票

2）a preliminary sketch of a design or picture n. 草稿，草图vt. 起草

eg：1 Who will draft the indictment? 谁将起草起诉状？

2. L/C is payable against your draft.信用证凭汇票付款

e.x: An earlier ______ which was leaked had not yet gone through the complete process.

A.plan

B.blueprint

C.sketch

D.draft

9.barracks

a building or group of buildings used to house military personnel n. 兵营，营房

eg：Soldiers sign out when they leave the barracks. 士兵离开营房得登记签字。

10.make someone tick 激发

11.monumental

1）relating or belonging to or serving as a monument

2）of outstanding significance adj. 纪念碑的，作为纪念的，不朽的

eg：A monumental gateway in the form of a pair of truncated pyramids serving as the entrance to an ancient Egyptian temple.

两旁有塔形建筑的门道以一对平头金字塔形式出现的纪念性的通口，用来作通往古埃及庙宇的入口

Eg:He had guided the nation through democracy's two monumental crises--the Great Depression and World War II.

A. monumental

B. remember

C. memorable

D. commemorate

eg.This will be a ________l struggle of good versus evil. But good will prevail.这将是一场不朽的正义同邪恶的战斗。但正义终会战胜邪恶。

A. monumental

B. enduring

C. mperishable

D. undying

12.expeditionary

(used of military forces) designed for military operations abroad adj. 远征的，讨伐的，探险的

eg：expeditionary force 远征部队

13.logistics

handling an operation that involves providing labor and materials be supplied as needed n.物流，后勤学，运筹学

eg：logistics operations n. 物流运作

logistics mix 运销组合

business logistics 物资流通管理

14.envoy

1）a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador

2）someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else n.外交使节，特使

eg: He will be the first ARATS chief and highest-level mainland envoy to visit Taiwan since 1949. 他将是自1949年以来首位访台的海峡两岸关系协会长官和高级大陆特使。

15. daunt

cause to lose courage vt. 使... 胆怯，恐吓

eg：The new job was a bit daunting at first but it was all right once I'd got my eye in.

一开始，那个新工作有点使人灰心丧气，但是一旦我获得了需要的能力，也就没什么了

eg.Danger didn't _____ the hero. 危险并没有吓住那位英雄。

A. frighten

B. overawe

C. daunt

D. fear

16.relentlessly

in a relentless manner adv. 无情地，残酷地

eg：The sun glared down relentlessly. 太阳毫不留情地发出强烈的光

eg Time ticking away _________, but I can only keep chasing that brave I am.时间滴答无情的走，而我只能不断的追逐那个勇敢的我。

A. ruthless

B. unmerciful

C. pitiless

D. relentlessly

17．bipartisan

supported by both sides adj. 两党的，代表两党的

eg：The Labor Party and bipartisan system in U. K.英国工党与英国两党政治。

18.legacy

(law) a gift of personal property by will n. 遗赠物，先人或过去遗留下来的东西

eg: He left me a small ＿＿in a nuncupative will, as a token of his kindness to me. 他囗头遗言上遗留给我一点小小遗产作为他对我关爱的表征

A legacy

B heritage

C heirloom

D bequest

eg. Both banks still have lots of ______ assets, many of them tucked in the banking book.

两家银行仍然有许多遗留的资产，许多是记录在银行业账簿上的。

A. omit

B. legacy

C. heritage

D. inheritance

19 ledger

a record in which commercial accounts are recorded n. 总帐，分类帐

eg: Rule out that entry in the ledger, the transaction was cancelled.

那项交易已取消了，请从分类帐上划去那笔帐目

20.Frankin D .Roosevelt 富兰克林.罗斯福

21.Adolf Hitler 阿道夫.希特勒

22．Eisenhower艾森豪威尔

23.Patton 巴顿

24.Bradley布拉德利

25.V-E Day 二次大战盟国结束欧战胜利日

26.Churchill 丘吉尔

27．Stalin 斯大林

28.Degaulle 戴高乐

29.Bevin 贝文

30.Bedot 贝多

31.Arthur Vandenberg 亚瑟.范登堡

32.European Union 欧盟

33.Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖

Background Notes:

1. Marshall, George C ：(December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) an American military leader, Chief of Staff of the Army, Secretary of State, and the third Secretary of Defense. Once noted as the "organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II, Marshall served as the United States Army Chief of Staff during the war and as the chief military adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. As Secretary of State, his name was given to the Marshall Plan, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953.

马歇尔（Marshall Georage C ，also called George Catlett Marshall）：美国在世界各国军事与战争的历史上，骁勇善战于沙场而后逐步得到最高军衔和职位的指挥官不尽其数。但有一位从未亲自带兵打仗而仅仅凭借在作战图上挥动小小一支红蓝铅笔，就众望所归地获得了五星上将的最高军衔的参谋军官却格外与众不同。他就是最后曾官拜美国陆军参谋长的乔治·卡特里克·马歇尔。

2. It (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the large-scale American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to combat the spread of Soviet communism.[1] The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild a war-devastated region, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and make Europe prosperous again. The initiative was named after Secretary of State George Marshall. The plan had bipartisan support in Washington, where the Republicans controlled Congress and the Democrats controlled the White House. The Plan was largely the creation of State Department officials, especially William L. Clayton and George F. Kennan.Marshall spoke of urgent need to help the European recovery in his address at Harvard University in June 1947.

马歇尔计划: 官方名称为欧洲复兴计划（European Recovery Program），是二战后美国对被战争破坏的西欧各国进行经济援助、协助重建的计划，对欧洲国家的发展和世界政治格局产生了深远的影响。该计划于1947年7月正式启动，并整整持续了4个财政年度之久。在这段时期内，西欧各国通过参加经济合作发展组织（OECD）总共接受了美国包括金融、技术、设备等各种形式的援助合计130亿美元。马歇尔计划是冷战的经济基础,北约组织是美国的军事手段。针对美国的行为,苏联采取了一系列反击措施。

Part A answer:

(1)In several areas of the world the United States opposed colonialism and demonstrated

support for self-determination.

(2)It helped bring rapid economic recovery to 16 European countries. In less than three

years industrial production rose to 25 percent above prewar levels and agricultural output to 14 percent above prewar farm production.

(3)They wanted to integrate the economies of their three zones and bring the combined

economy into close relationship with western Europe.

(4)They wanted to coordinate the military defenses of member nations against possible

Soviet aggression due to the expression of Soviet influence in east Europe and the threats

against Greece and Turkey.

Unit 4

Part A Preview Reading

ⅠWords & Phrases

1. evoke [i'v?uk]

v. call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) 引起，唤起；博得

eg. Why the reminiscence should evoke such a strong emotion I do not understand .

我自己也不明白，为什么会引起这么深浓的情绪?

2. herald ['her?ld]

n. (formal) a person who announces important news先驱；传令官；报信者

v. foreshadow or presage通报；预示…的来临

eg. The discovery of universal themes could herald a return to the study of the meaning of dreams , this time based on science .

在梦里出现带有普遍性的情节可能预示着会带来研究梦含义的转折，这是有科学依据的。

3. Triumph ['trai?mf]

n. a successful ending of a struggle or contest 胜利，凯旋；欢欣

eg. The sense of triumph and renewed possession swelled within him.

胜利和重新占有的感觉又在他心里涌起了。

4. mandate ['m?ndeit]

n. a document giving an official instruction or command 授权；命令，指令；委托管理eg. The suggestion that stabilizing the domestic economy is the domain of fiscal policy becomes a strong mandate . 稳定国内经济属于财政政策的范畴，这个意见成了一道强有力的命令。

5. sun-drenched

adj. covered with sunlight 沐浴在阳光里的；阳光普照的

eg. Just as those long , lazy , sun -drenched days bring out the best in many of us , Summertime also gleans some of natures' most delectable delights. 想想那些长长，慵懒，阳光灿烂的日子带给我们的美好夏日生活。

6. prophetic [pr?u'fetik]

adj. foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention预言的，预示的；先知的

eg. Less attractively , he litters the text with references to his own prescience, devoting an entire section to his "prophetic " early warnings . 但是，稍令人扫兴的是，他仍时刻不忘提及自己做出过的预言，甚至划出一整章来介绍他早期的语言警告。

7. torpid

adj. slow and apathetic迟钝的，迟缓的；不活泼的；麻痹的

eg. Even when he was awake he was completely torpid . 他醒着的时候也完全麻木不动。

8. meritocracy

n. a form of social system in which power goes to those with superior intellects

英才教育（制度）；精英管理的社会

eg. The toughest obstacle to improving the worst is the strident opposition of the teachers ' unions to meritocracy .

目前，影响这些差学校改进的最大障碍来自全美教师工会对精英教育喋喋不休的抗议声。

9. chronicler

n. someone who writes chronicles 记录者；年代史编者

eg. The chronicler sets down every detail , believing all to be of ultimate significance.

编年史家把每一件琐事都记了下来，相信最终都是珍贵史料。

10. espouse [i'spauz]

v. choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans支持；赞成；信奉eg. Don't tell off-color jokes, reveal company secrets , gossip about co-workers or espouse your views on race , religion or the boss' personality .

不要讲低俗的笑话、泄露公司机密、讲同事的闲话，也不要宣扬你关于种族、宗教的观点或对你老板性格的看法。

Part B

d e v a s t a t e v. 蹂躏,破坏;使荒废

China could increase interest rates to temper rising prices, but that would _________ growth. 中国可以提高利率来抑制高物价,但是这会摧毁增长。

A.knock out

B. smash

C.wreck

D.devastate

p i l l a r n.1. 柱;纪念柱;(柱)墩,柱脚 2.<比喻>台柱,栋梁,柱石3.柱状物

v.1. 用柱子装饰[支持] 2. 成为...的栋梁

Yet the ECB has permitted nominal GDP and the money supply (supposedly, the "second ___________" of its policies) to stagnate.但欧洲央行放任了名义GDP和货币供给(一般认为这是其政策的"第二支柱")的停滞。

A. support

B. pillar

C. mainstay

D. prop

d e a d l o c k n.1. 僵局2. 停顿,停滞3. 没有弹簧的锁

Something has to happen there, western politicians insist, that will save the west, and particularly Europe, from its current __________.西方政客们坚持认为在G20峰会上能够找到打破目前僵局,拯救西方尤其是欧洲的方法。

A. deadlock

B. impasse

C. stalemate

D. blockage

d r i f t v. 使漂流;使漂积[冲积];把...吹积;(吹积物等)覆盖

n. (仪表的)漂移;偏移

E.g.: Later the president is able to tuck his children into bed before they drift off to sleep.

晚饭过后, 身为总统的奥巴马还能哄孩子们上床睡觉。

How much should we worry about what looks like two months of policy _______?

我们应该在多大程度上担心这两个月的政治动向?

A. tendency

B. trend

C. drift

D. moving direction

R e n e w a l n.1. 更新 2. 重做;(票据等的)更换;(契约等的)重订,延期

3. 复活,恢复,复新

4. 再开始

E.g.: They did not expect to be mugged by the spectrum renewal process shortly after setting

foot in Greece.

投资者们没想到的是, 刚刚涉足希腊不久,就在牌照更新程序上被敲了一回竹杠。

Of course, sitting still can be a good thing if it involves__________, reflection, and focused attention (or having meals with the family).

当然,如果你坐在那整理头绪、反省、冥思或者与家人一起吃饭也不错。

A. clue

B. lead

C. renewal

D. main threads

p o s t e r i t y n. 1. 后世, 后代 2. 后裔,子孙

Work written deliberately for_______ tends to be ignored by posterity as well as by its own generation.存心传世的著作,往往不为后世子孙和当代人士重视。

A. descendants

B. grandchildren

C. brat

D. posterity

t e s t a m e n t n. 1. 【法】遗言,遗嘱 2. 契约;誓约

3. 【宗】(基督教)圣约书,旧约全书或新约全书

4. 〈口〉一部新约全书

5. 确实的证明

E.g.: In the Old Testament the thought of the kingdom took the first place; in the New Testament prominence is given to that of Priesthood.

在旧约里我们看到国度思想的第一面,新约却让我们特别看到祭司体系。

The man said he was carrying two New __________ Bibles in his shirt pocket to give to friends. Police took the Bibles as evidence.他说当时他的兜里揣着两本要带给朋友的圣经《新约》。现在这两本圣经已交给警方作为查案证据。

A. Charter

B. Contract

C. Testament

D. Deed

s u m m o n V. 1. 召唤;传唤(被告等);召集(议会);号召

2. 振起,鼓起(勇气等)

3. 【军】劲降,招降

Now Rosenfeld must _________ all of her powers as she takes on her biggest marketing

challenge yet: selling the Cadbury deal to shareholders.而现在罗森菲尔德必须激起她全身力量来应付她最大的市场挑战:将收购吉百利的并购案卖给公司股东。

A、stir up

B、summon

C、call

D、arouse

C h o r u s n. 1. 【乐】合唱;合唱队;合唱歌(曲) 2. (歌的)叠句;合唱句,合唱

3. 【希史】歌舞剧合唱的唱词;(宣读开场白和收场白的)剧情解说员

4. 歌舞团(表演)的歌舞

v. 合唱;齐诵;异口同声地说

E.g.: His sons set up a chorus of complaint: what was he doing? Was he out of his mind?

他的儿子们齐声抱怨起来: 他在干什么?难道他疯了吗?

The fashion people, on the other hand, looked like some sort of bizarre _________line about to break into a rendition of "Think Pink!".而另一方面,时尚人士们像合唱队一样怪异的排成行,好像准备着一场"粉红运动(Think Pink)"的表演。

A、chorus

B、concord

C、in unison

D、ensemble

m y r i a d n. 〈诗〉万,一万;无数,极大数量adj. 无数的;众多方面的

And so you see here there’s just a _______ of ways in which brokers can set up their relationship between the buyer and the seller.所以你要知道,对于经纪人而言,他们和卖家卖家的关系有无数多种

A、multiphase

B、miscellaneous

C、various

D、myriad

I n t r i g u e v.1. 计划阴谋,密谋(against) 2. 私通(with)

3. 用诡计取得;〈古〉哄骗

4. 使发生兴趣,使着迷,使好奇

n. 1. 阴谋,密谋;诡计2. 私通;勾结3. (戏剧,小说等的)纠葛,伏线

E.g.: Intrigue is usually focused on her enigmatic smile.

诡秘通常集中在她那神秘莫测的微笑里。

Bettina is also drawn into the court _________but then runs away with her boyfriend who had originally been a farm boy with her.剧中贝蒂娜还被卷入了一场宫廷阴谋,但随后就与曾和她一起在农场做工的男友一同逃脱。

A、trick

B、ruse

C、intrigue

D、crafty plot

S o m a l i a n.索马里n. the Somali Republic, located in east Africa

E.g: Afghanistan, Iraq and Somalia were not included in the choice of holiday destinations.阿富汗、伊拉克和索马里不在度假目的地选项里。

Background Notes:

1.The Cold War:冷战是指：1947年——1991年间美国为首的西方资本主义国家和苏联为首社会主义国家两个阵营除直接交战以外，在经济、政治、军事、外交、文化、意识形态等各方面都处于对抗状态的时期。

冷战一词是当年美国政论家斯沃普在为参议员巴鲁克起草的演讲稿中首次使用的。二战结束后，美国对苏联和其他社会主义国家采取了敌视和遏制政策，因此巴鲁克说：“美国正处于冷战方酣之中”。“冷战”与“铁幕”一词同时流行。表示美苏之间除了直接战争外，在经济、政治、军事、外交、文化、意识形态等方面都处于对抗的状态。

2. George Washington(1732--1799): 乔治·华盛顿是美国首任总统（1789～1797年），美国独立战争大陆军总司令。1789年，当选为美国第一任总统，1793年连任，在两届任期结束后，他自愿放弃权力不再续任，隐退于弗农山庄园。由于他扮演了美国独立战争和建国中最重要的角色，故被尊称为美国国父，学者们则将他和亚伯拉罕·林肯并列为美国历史上最伟大的总统。

3. The Civil War:南北战争，又称美国内战（American Civil War），是美国历史上一场大规模的内战，参战双方为美利坚合众国（简称联邦）和美利坚联盟国（简称邦联）。这场战争的起因为美国南部十一州以亚伯拉罕·林肯于1861年就任总统为由而陆续退出联邦，另成立以杰斐逊·戴维斯为“总统”的政府，并驱逐驻扎南方的联邦军，而林肯下令攻打“叛乱”州。此战不但改变当日美国的政经情势，导致奴隶制度在美国南方被最终废除，也对日后美国的民间社会产生巨大的影响。

4. The Great Depression: 大萧条（The Great Depression），是指1929年至1933年之间全球性的经济大衰退。

5.Thomas Jefferson :托马斯·杰斐逊(1743－1826)，美国政治家、思想家、哲学家、科学家、教育家，第三任美国总统。他是美国独立战争期间的主要领导人之一，1776年，作为一个包括约翰·亚当斯和本杰明·富兰克林在内的起草委员会的成员，起草了美国《独立宣言》。此后，他先后担任了美国第一任国务卿，第二任副总统和第三任总统。他在任期间保护农业，发展民族资本主义工业。从法国手中购买路易斯安那州，使美国领土近乎增加了一倍。他被普遍视为美国历史上最杰出的总统之一，同华盛顿、林肯和罗斯福齐名。

6.Franklin Roosevelt富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（Franklin Delano Roosevelt ，1882

年1月30日－1945年4月12日）美国31位、第32任总统(1933年3月4日——1937年1月20日，1937年1月20日——1941年1月20日，1941年1月20日——1945

年1月20日，1945年1月20日——1945年4月12日) 美国历史上唯一蝉联四届（第四届未任满）的总统。罗斯福在20世纪的经济大萧条和第二次世界大战中扮演了重要的角色。被学者评为是美国最伟大的三位总统之一，同华盛顿和林肯齐名。美国第26任总统西奥多·罗斯福是富兰克林·罗斯福的远房堂叔。

7.The Persian Gulf:波斯湾（Persian Gulf）阿拉伯语作Bahr Faris，波斯语作Khalij-e Fars。