江苏省2019版二轮复习英语通用版讲义：第三板块 NO.2 再研考点 第二层级 第三讲 名词性从句

第三讲名词性从句

一、明备考方向

二、攻重点难点

(一)引导名词性从句的连接代词(如what)，连接副词(如when)，连接词(that, if, whether)的用法和区别

解答名词性从句中连接词的选用题目时，可采用“句子翻译法”，即看空缺处在句中是什么意思，充当什么成分。若在从句中不作成分只起引导作用，用that；若表达“是否”意义，用if/whether；若充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，用连接代词；若充当状语，则用连接副词。

What he wants to tell us is not clear.

他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

I have no idea when he will come back home.

我不知道他什么时候回到家。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到玛丽可能生病了。

(二)连接代词who/whom, what, which与whoever/whomever, whatever, whichever的用法和区别

在这两类连接词中，前面三个连接词在引导名词性从句时依然带有疑问的语气和含义，分别表示“谁”“什么”和“哪一个”。后面三个连接词则表示“无论……”的含义，并带有具体的针对性，不带疑问的语气和含义。

The problem is who we can get to replace her.

问题是我们找谁去替代她。

Whoever did it should be punished.

无论是谁干的都应当受到惩罚。

(三)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用

一般来说，在某些特定动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 可省略。常见的这类动词有“一个坚持”(insist)；“两个命令”(order, command)；“三个建议”(suggest, advise, recommend)；“四个要求”(desire, require, demand, request)；“外加一个敦促”(urge)。

I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

我坚持她应当单独做她的工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。

(四)同位语从句与定语从句的区别

同位语从句的作用相当于名词，用来解释说明前面名词(短语)的内容，常见的名词(通常是抽象名词)有idea, thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, proposal, truth, news, possibility等；定语从句的作用相当于形容词，充当定语用来修饰主句中的某个名词或代词。

The news that our football team won the match was true.(同位语从句)

我们足球队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

The news (that) we heard on the radio was true.(定语从句)

我们在收音机里听到的那则消息是真的。

三、练高频题点

Ⅰ.语法填空题点全练

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

2．(2018·北京高考改编)This is what my father has taught me —to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

3．(2018·天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.

4．(2018·河南中原名校联考)Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming.

5．(2018·福建安溪模拟)Success partially depends on whether you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.

6．From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about 71% of its surface is covered by water.

7．Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.

8．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

9．(2018·石家庄模拟)Finally, keep in mind that there are many things that can't be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.

10．Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that's where I don't agree.

Ⅱ.短文改错题点全练

1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.that→where 2．I wonder that whether he has decided to go abroad.去掉that

3．What he noticed was one of the windows facing south was open.第一个was后加that 4．Everyone could figure out what happened and Tom fixed everything.Tom前加that 5．(2018·唐山模拟)It's a great pity what we won't be able to finish the task on time.what→that

6．(2018·河北石家庄质检)Finally I want to express my hope which all the younger fellows can make full use of time.which→that

7．What we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.What→How

8．If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.去掉when

[课堂应用体验]

Ⅰ.完成句子并改写

1．大家的确都知道的是穷人都喜欢她，因为她总是帮助那些需要钱的人。

All that they did know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped those who was in need of money.

→What_they_did_know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever_was_in_need_of_money.(用名词性从句改写)

2．她今天早晨来晚了，因为她不得不照顾她生病的女儿。

She came here late this morning, because_she_had_to_look_after her sick daughter.

→The_reason_why she came here late this morning was_that_she_had_to_look_after

her sick daughter. (用名词性从句改写)

3．我姐姐的梦想是拥有自己的商店，在里面她可以做自己最喜欢的蛋糕。

My sister's dream is to have_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her_favourite _cakes.

→My sister's dream is_that_she_has_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her _favourite _cakes.(用名词性从句改写)

4．看到这个女孩，我很吃惊。

I was surprised to see the girl.

→What_surprised_me was to see the girl. (改为主语从句)

→I saw the girl, which_surprised_me. (改为定语从句)

5．众所周知，2020年奥运会将在东京举行。

As_is_known_to_us_all/As_we_all_know,_the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo.(用定语从句翻译)

→What_is_known_to_us_all_is_that the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo.(用主语从句改写)

→It_is_known_to_us_all_that the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo.(用it作形式主语改写)

Ⅱ.语法填空

(2018·广州市综合测试)My doorbell rings at 11 a．m.On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady holding the hand of a little boy.In her other hand __1__ (be) a paper bag.She is the little boy's grandmother, and her daughter, Nicole, bought __2__ house next door last October.Nicole has __3__ (obvious) told her mother that I am having a heart operation shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided __4__ (supply) me with meals.

I know what is inside the paper bag — a bottle of hot soup and a __5__ (contain) with a meal of rice, vegetables and meat.It's become a daily occurrence.

Communication __6__ us is somewhat difficult because she doesn't speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hello.Once, she brought an iPad as well as the food.She pointed to the screen, __7__ showed a message from her daughter telling me that her mother wanted to know __8__ the food was all right for me.

So here we are, two grandmothers, neither of __9__ (we) being able to speak the other's language but communicating one way or another (with some help from technology)．The doorbell keeps __10__ (ring) and there is the familiar brown paper bag, handed smilingly to me.

语篇解读：本文讲述了两位异国的老太太，虽然语言不通，但是在现代技术的帮助下互相交流，彼此关心，让人再次想起“远亲不如近邻”这句古语。

1．is考查动词时态。表示方位的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词是be, stand, sit, lie等时，用完全倒装形式。本句真正的主语a paper bag是第三人称单数，全文的基本时态是一般现在时，故填is。

2．the考查冠词。根据后面的“next door”可知，此处应特指隔壁的那所房子，故填定冠词the。

3．obviously考查副词。设空处修饰动词told，要用副词，故填obviously。

4．to supply考查非谓语动词。decide后跟动词不定式作宾语，意为“决定做某事”，故填to supply。

5．container考查名词。句意：我知道纸袋里面是什么——一瓶热汤和一个装有米饭、蔬菜和肉的容器。冠词后面应填名词，根据句意可知，设空处指“盛饭菜的容器”，故填container。

6．between考查介词。根据设空后的内容可知，此处指作者和老太太之间的交流，两者之间应用介词between。

7．which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是表示物的the screen，而且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。

8．if/whether考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句作know的宾语，根据语境可知，该空表示“是否”之意，故填if/whether。

9．us考查代词。介词of后面要用代词的宾格作宾语，故填us。

10．ringing考查非谓语动词。keep后面用动名词作宾语，意为“一直做某事”。故填ringing。

Ⅲ.短文改错

(2018·开封市质检)Tourism is booming in Tibet.More than 6.8 million Chinese and foreign tourists visit the region in the first half of this year.Tourism income during that period rose on to 7 billion yuan.More tourists are expected to traveling around Tibet in the second half of this year.The region is hosting the China Tibet Tourism or Culture Expo,

featuring series of festivals.Currently, foreigners need a special travel permission to tour the region in addition for a Chinese visa.They have to wait for the permit patient.It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised us to shorten the time of obtaining it.

答案：第二句：visit→visited

第三句：去掉on

第四句：traveling→travel

第五句：or→and; series前加a

第六句：permission→permit; for→to

第七句：patient→patiently

第八句：what→that; us→them