高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习(2)
高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习（2）
考点
4 形容词副词
主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。
重点复习：①形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）②两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。③形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。④比较级的程度修饰语（much，very
much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a
little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。⑤易混副词的辨析。如：specially /especially/ particularly等。
【例9】—What
do you think of the film we saw last night？
—I
feel _______ that the film is well worth seeing once again？
A.
strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard
【答案】B
【解析】that引导一个宾语从句，由此可以判断feel在此不是一个连系动词，而是一个实义动词。I feel strongly
that...“我坚信……”。故答案为B。
挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子间出现不连贯。
1.
…I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to
help relax . （广州二模）
2.
The little boy pulled right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins
in it. （深一模）
3.
…the driver did to help and even stopped once to pick up more
passengers.（汕头二模）
4．If
you give your children …that they can never do anything quite right, then they
will regard as unfit or unable persons. （深圳罗湖）
5.
Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of were
self-funded students,…（茂名二模）
6．Firstly,
we must understand the language when we hear spoken.（佛山一模）
Keys: 1. myself 2. his 3. nothing 4. themselves 5. them 6. it
四、冠词
主要考查的知识点：冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。
复习重点：（1）定冠词的用法：主要是一些记忆性的东西，比较繁杂，可以记几个顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。
②
特指”指某些人或事物。如：The Englishmen in the dining room are having supper now.
②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物，即“语境特指”。如：Take
the medicine.
③
上文已提及的人或事物，即“前照应特指”。如：He bought a house. I have been to the house. ④
世界上独一无二的事物。如：The sun sets.
⑤
序数词或形容词最高级前。如：I live on the second floor.
⑥
由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：The United States.
⑦
一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前。如：in the way，by the hour，on the other hand，all the year round，play
the piano the violin.
2）不加冠词的几种情况：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
①名词前已有作定语用的
this，that，some，any，my等限定词。
②专有名词和不可数名词前。如：Unity
is strength.
③表示学科的名词前。如：Economics
is different from politics.
④球类活动的名词及三餐总称前。如：He
likes playing football and always has supper outside. ⑤复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事物）时。如：They
are students and we are teachers.
⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。如：Spring
follows winter. We have few classes on Sunday.
⑧
表示颜色、语种和国家的非全称名词前。如：White is a beautiful color in China.
⑨
在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如：Where is Dad，Mum？Bush was made president of the USA again.
⑩
某些习惯短语中。如：in bed，in spite of，by chance，lose heart，catch fire，catch sight of，go
to school，find fault with，make use of，take exception
to（反对）。（零冠词在语法填空的练习中只出现过一次，正规模拟考试中没有出现过，我们只作了解，不作为重点。）
3）不定冠词的几种特殊用法：
①专有名词前用不定冠词，表示“像……的一个人或物”。如：He
thinks he is a Napoleon.
②姓名前用不定冠词，表示“某个叫……的人”，多指不认识的人。如：A
Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon.
③用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。如：—What
would you like to drink？—A tea and a coffee.
④用于某些抽象名词前，使抽象概念具体化。这种用法的名词有
surprise，knowledge，success，failure，pleasure，interest，joy等等。如：All his efforts ended in failure.
⑤不定冠词用在population，history，area，height，weight，depth，length，speed等词前。如：To
escape the pull of the earth，a rocket must reach a speed of40，000 km h。
【例6】Of
all the subjects，I like______ history the best because it gives us _______
useful knowledge of things in the past.
A.
the；a B. /；a C. a; the D. a; /
【答案】B【解析】history是不可数名词，前面一般不加冠词；knowledge也是不可数名词，但
knowledge前加不定冠词，后跟of时组成a knowledge of结构，表示“对……精通、了解”。所以答案为B。
1．…
But my mood quickly changed when I saw_____ first question. (广州二模)
2…
Then I went to the department store …and bought her expensive gift box of
Sichuan beef. .(广州一模)
3.
Tom, 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. （深一模）
4．He
talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _____ good many other
things. （深二模）
5.
I told the bus driver that my baby had just had heart operation and that she was
having ____ heart failure. （汕头二模）
6.Television
is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _____ comparatively
cheap one.（东莞一模）
Keys: 1. the 2. an 3. an 4. a 5. a 6. a
五、介词
介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词的用法比较复杂，在英语学习中须多多注意。
想看基础知识，请看介词。
下面我们来学点介词口诀。帮你快速记单词。
1一、介词及介词短语
介词像个“游离体”，
名前动后常出现，
一旦组成“某结构”，
句中成分有一位。
“介+宾”叫“介短”，
作“形、副”句里边。
“宾补、表、定、状”，
都能用得上①。
“动+介”——动词性②，
“及、不及物”谓语用。
成语、习语常固定，
应用起来有弹性。
注
①介词后面的名词、代词或数词是介词的宾语，介词和介词宾语合成介词短语。介词短语在句中的语法作用相当于形容词或副词，在句中做宾（主）语、补足语、表语、定语或状语。
②“动词+介词（副词）”组成一个动词词组或短语动词，其语法作用相当于一个及物动词或不及物动词，在句中作谓语。
2二、介词在句中的位置
介词活跃句关键，
短语合成形简单，
独作成分看不见，
介短表定状可担。
before时空在之前，
after之后off远。
直上
over，above斜，under，below下相反。
直到till，on表面，
穿过through，for因缘。
by表旁边in里面，
with伴随by车船。
时间地点at、in、on，
二者between多among，
behind后面beside旁，
附近near沿着along。
from来自like像，
表示目的for，to当。
of所属周围round，
向上up向下down。
3三、on,at,in用法巧记
on，at，in这三个常用介词都可以表示时间和地点，但具体用法不同，多数学生对它们混淆不清。现在只要记住了口诀，就可避免at，on，in的种种误用。
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1. on，in，at表示时间
on“在具体某一天”①
“当某时”，动名词，
arrival，death前；
用in一般“上”“下”“晚”；
on用于天，in用于月、季、年③；
限定三时in要变。④
at是个时间点，
“工作”“时刻”与“圣诞”⑤。
at
noon（night），in the day，
习惯用语记心间。
注：
①on表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上。
例
On Mother's Day, we should sned flowers to our mother. 母亲节，我们应该送花给我们的母亲。On
my arrival home，I found he had gone already．当我到家时，我发现他已经走了。
②当early，late用于句首修饰介词短语时，尽管表示具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上，都要用in，泛指一般的上、下午，晚上也用in 。
Early in the morning of National Day，I got up to catch the first bus to the zoo．
国庆节一清早，我便起床去赶到动物园的第一班公共汽车。
My
father begins work at 8：00 in the morning and stops work at 4：00 in the
afternoon．我父亲上午8点上班，下午4点下班。
③于将来时态表示“过一段时间后”及表示“在……期间”和“在某个季节，某年、某月”都用in。
例
I hear he’ll be back in a month．我听说他将于一个月后回来。
In
the course of the last lesson in French，little Franz was listening to the master
very attentively．在那最后一堂法语课中，小弗朗兹非常用心地听着老师讲。
Xiao
Ming was born in December of 2004. 小明生于2004年12月。
④当morning，afternoon，evening有前位定语或后置定语限定时，就不用in而用on。
例
on a hot (summer) noon 在一个炎热（夏天）的中午
on
Monday Morning 在星期一上午
on
the morning of March 8th在3月8日上午
⑤表示某时某刻及在work，Christmas前用at。
例
We get up at eight o’clock．我们8点起床。
My
father are busily at work all day．我父亲整天忙于工作。
western countries children get present from their parents at Christmas．
在西方国家，孩子们在圣诞节得到父亲给的礼物。
2. on，in，at表示地点
on“在之上”接触面，“靠近、接壤、左右边”①；
in“在里面”和“中间”②；
at表示小地点，
“入口、车站、电影院”③；
home出现定语、冠，
须用in把at换④；
“夜间、车辆”若有限，
及“在途中”on在前⑤。
注：
①在表示地点时，指“在……之上（与表面接触）”“靠近、接壤”及“在左右边”都用on。
例
There is an English-Chinese dictionary and two grammar books on the big
desk．那张大写字台上有一本英汉词典和两本语法书。
Korea
lies on the northeast of China．朝鲜位于中国东北方。
Tom
was sitting on my left when we saw the film yesterday．我们昨天看电影时，汤姆坐在我左边。
②表示“在……里面”（即物体内部），“在……中间”（即middle前）都用in。
例
Jim turned the key in the lock and opened the door．吉姆把钥匙插在锁孔里，转动一下，打开了门。
they were in the middle of the river．很快他们就游到了河中间。
1.I
was always told that the three Ps,…,were a sure path_______ success. (广州二模)
2．"Don't
be always particular _ your present work and income. (惠州一模)
3.
It began to make sense to me that I could include praise along ______
constructive criticism. （深二模）
4.
He showed the public a limited edition four-wheel drive car, which is especially
made _______his personal taste. (梅州一模)
5.
Five were in critical condition______ head trauma(外伤, 损伤), said Liz Crouch, the
center's chief operating officer. (梅州二模)
6．There
is no easy way to success language learning.
Keys: 1. to 2. about 3. with 4. to 5. with 6. in 7. ninth
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六、连词(从属连词/并列连词)
A)
引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever,
whoever, whichever, whether；副词从句引导词where, wherever, when, if , how, unless,
until …
…Many things must be considered such as the person is interested in and how old he is. （广州一模）
2.My
face turned red on hearing __ my mother said. (惠州一模)
3.
she would point out they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed. （深圳罗湖）
4．The
American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.(四校联考)
5.
I almost started to yell his name _____ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. （深二模）
6.
children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally
independent.
7.
Statistics show that China carried out the opening - up policy, a total of one
million students have gone abroad for study. （茂名二模）
8．
we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. （佛山一模）
9.
Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely _________ the danger
lies.
Keys: 1. what 2. what 3. what 4. what 5. when 6. Unless 7. since 8. If 9. where
B)
并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and, but, or, though, although, so…
挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合。
1．…
I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered I finally
found the solution. （广州二模）
2．…
I asked my classmates about her interest I made my final decision. （广州一模）
3.Tom,
an 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop sat at a table.（深一模）
4.
It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be
responsible for housework, with one of the following suggestions, you really can
get your children to help at home. （深圳罗湖）
Keys: 1. until 2. and 3. and 4. but
七、情态动词
主要考查的知识点：情态动词的基本含义和用法；情态动词表推测的用法以及“情态动词+ have+ v ed”结构等。
重点复习：①
may might，can could 表示可能。②must can could may might（have
done）表示对过去发生事情的推测。③should ought to + have + done表示对过去的责备。④would rather + have
done以及had better + have done表示后悔。⑤will shall表示请求，许可。⑥could might should have
done表示虚拟语气。
【例16】—Summer
Holiday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday？
—I
haven’t decided yet. I go home，but it depends on the weather.
A.
must B. need C. may D. will
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查情态动词表示可能性的用法。must表示非常肯定的语气，need不用于肯定，will表示“意愿”，而may表示把握不大的一种可能性，后面常跟
but分句。故答案为C。
八、形容词/副词
主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。
重点复习：奇速英语暑假网络互动直播课程,九天让你的英语成绩华丽转身，来不及的不是时间，而是行动，心动就马上行动，当你还在犹豫的时候，先报名的童鞋已经甩你很远了。
①形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）②两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。③形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。④比较级的程度修饰语（much，very
much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a
little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。⑤易混副词的辨析。如：specially /especially/ particularly等。
【例9】—What
do you think of the film we saw last night？
—I
feel _______ that the film is well worth seeing once again？
A.
strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard
【答案】B
【解析】that引导一个宾语从句，由此可以判断feel在此不是一个连系动词，而是一个实义动词。I feel strongly
that...“我坚信……”。故答案为B。
1.
One of the (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English
teacher, Ms Chen. （广州一模）
2.
I put the paper aside and turned to the _____ one, at the top of which…（深二模）
3.
Many other actors are __ __ (badly)off than me at present,…(惠州一模)
4.
In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being
self-fund students, 20% than the year before. （茂名二模）
Keys: 1. worst 2. next/other 3. worse 4. more
九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语
此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or
,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。
1．This,
, didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject.
(广州二模)
2.
Don’t always scold and give lots of praise . （深圳罗湖）
Keys:
1. however
2. instead
十、词形变化或者词性变化．
给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。
1…
Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I
decided to get her a present. (广州一模)
2.
…(fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest.
(广州二模)
3.
Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit (patience).
（深一模）
4.
“Thirty-five cents,”she said (rude). （深一模）
5.
I don’t know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to ______ (soft)
the blow, but it work. （深二模）
6.
I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. (惠州一模)
7.
you have done well and made great achievement in the _ (entertain) field.
(惠一模)
8.
These people have made great (contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模）9.
…to check her (recent) inserted (插入) pacemaker. （汕头二模）
10．The
tornadoes damaged several______(new) built buildings,…(梅州二模) 11．Numerous
studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative…(四校联考)
12
they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _______ (excite) football match. （东莞一模）
Keys: 1. appreciation 2. Fortunately 3. impatient 4. rudely 5. soften 6.
misunderstand
7.
entertainment 8. contributions 9. recently 10. newly 11.beneficial
12.exciting
十一、特殊句型（或固定短语）
考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。
1.It
was not long the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the
table.
2.
…was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG!
（广州一模）
3.
So careless was I _______ I had forgotten all about that. （深二模）
4.…"as
a matter of _ , you have done well and made great achievement…(惠州一模)
5．When
Carettson, 29, a passenger, was trying to bring Nicole's life…（汕头二模）
6.
The child was stricken about a mile away the hospital. （汕头二模）
Keys:
1. before
2. It
3. that
4. fact
5. back
6. from
十二、定语从句的引导词．
主要考查的知识点：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择，非限制性定语从句，由whose，where，when，that，as和“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句是高考的热点。
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①when引导的定语从句。②where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的区别。③which引导非限制性定语从句时（句子作先行词）和并列句的区别。④as引导的定语从句“such...as、the same...as”，以及和目的结果状语从句的辨别。⑤分隔式定语从句的识别。
⑥能够区别定语从句和同位语从句。
【例10】I’ll
never forget the days ________ I lived in the factory with the workers，_______
is a great help to my article.
A.
that；which B. when；which C. which；that D. when；who
【答案】B
【解析】第一空后的分句中的谓语动词是不及物动词live，其后不需要宾语，只需要作状语的关系副词，故第一空用
when；而第二个句子是对前面整个句子进行说明，因此用which。故答案为B。
必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断，从而补出引导词，这本身就是考查逻辑思维能力。
1.…The
exam, was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library
at the last minute.(广州二模)
2…
Then I went to the department store I worked part-time and bought her an
expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. （广州一模）
3.
It was a poem about me, ______ included the time …（深二模）
4.
At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students
_______came back to China after study. （茂名二模）
5.
More and more Chinese students go abroad for study, is supported by the Chinese government. （茂名二模）
Keys: 1. which 2. where 3. which 4. who 5. which
十三、状语从句
主要考查的知识点：时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。
重点复习：①时间状语从句，尤其是
as，since，while，when，before，until等连接词。②when /
where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。③让步状语从句的倒装。④与非谓语动词作状语的区别和转化。
【例11】After
the war，a new school building was set up ______ there has once been a
theatre.
A.
that B. where C. what D. who
【答案】B
【解析】这是where引导的状语从句，不能将其视为定语从句，因为没有先行词。
十四、名词性从句
主要考查的知识点：名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。
重点复习：①whether，if和
that的区别。②that从句和wh- 从句的区别。③wh- 引导的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于一个名词后加定语从句。如：The book is where
you left it just now.④连接代词和连接副词的选择。
【例12】—Excuse
me，but can you tell the way to this small town？
—It
depends on you go. There are several ways of getting there.
A.
where B. how C. when D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】本题主要考查几个不同的疑问词引导名词性从句时意义上的区别。乍一看，本题四个选项都符合空白处的句意。但看完题目的最后一句话中的信息后方可判断应该是“怎样走”。故答案为
B。
十五、时态、语态
主要考查的知识点：动词的时态、语态是每年的必考点，也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常考
2～
3个小题。重点考查的是现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查；且通常以对话的形式出现且常出现两种时态混合在一起进行比较。时态理解不准确是考生常见的错误。把握住命题人的意图是至关重要的。一般来说，命题人在考查时态这个内容时总是设置一个语言情景来实现，所以理解语言情景是关键，同时要在这个语言环境里找到动作发生的时间或隐含的时间关系，只要理解了情景与动作的时间关系，对照选项，就不难把握命题意图。注意不要断章取义，同时还要注意时态一致。
重点复习：①一般现在时和一般过去时的区别。②现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。③一般过去时同过去完成时的区别。④一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别。⑤“系动词+ 过去分词”的用法。如：get paid；remain covered；look lost等形式的用法。⑥进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法。
【例13】—What
were you up to when your parents came in？
—I
_______ for a while and _______ some reading.
A.
was playing；was going to do B. played；did
C.
had played；was going to do D. had played；did
【答案】C
【解析】play动作在came之前，所以用过去完成时态，而do some reading的动作则即将开始。
【例14】Sarah,
hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to before the party.
A.
get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查“连系动词+ 过去分词”的用法。答案为A。
十六、非谓语动词和独立主格结构
主要考查的知识点：非谓语动词每年必考，通常考
1～3小题，主要考查:
①
v -ing、不定式作宾语的区别。
②
②非谓语动词作宾补的区别。
③
③非谓语动词作状语的区别。
④
④非谓语动词作定语时的区别。
⑤
⑤非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。（注意：多次模拟试题的语法填空中都有考到非谓语动词。）
重点复习：
①
别非谓语动词在句中的成分，不定式、v -ing形式、过去分词各自所作的成分是不同的。
②识记哪些动词只能接不定式作宾语，哪些动词只能接动名词作宾语，哪些动词接不定式或动名词作宾语没有太大区别，哪些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语区别很大，哪些动词接带to的不定式作宾语补足语，哪些动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。