传热学专业英语词汇

Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer 主要容

1.Concepts:

heat (thermal energy)、heat transfer、thermodynamics、total amount of heat transfer、heat transfer rate、heat flux、conduction、convection、radiation

2.Equations:

1) The first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy principle)

2) Heat balance equation: a) closed system; b) open system (steady-flow)

3) Fourier’s law of heat conduction

4) Newton’s law of cooling

5) Stefan-Boltzmann law

主要专业词汇

heat transfer 传热、热传递、传热学thermodynamics热力学

caloric 热素specific heat 比热mass flow rate 质量流率

latent heat 潜热sensible heat 显热heat flux热流密度

heat transfer rate热流量total amount of heat transfer总热量

conduction导热convection对流radiation辐射

thermal conductivity 热导率thermal diffusivity 热扩散率

convection/combined heat transfer coefficient 对流/综合换热系数

emissivity 发射率absorptivity 吸收率

simultaneous heat transfer 复合换热

Chapter 2 Heat Conduction Equation

主要容

1.Concepts:

temperature field、temperature gradient、heat generation、initial condition、boundary condition、steady\transient heat transfer、uniform\nonuniform temperature distribution

2.Equations:

1) Fourier’s law of heat conduction (§2-1)

2) Heat conduction equation (in

rectangular\cylindrical\spherical coordinates) (§2-2、§2-3)

3) Boundary conditions: (§2-4)

a)Specified temperature B. C.

b) Specified heat flux B. C. [special case(dt/dx=0):

insulation、thermal symmetry];

c) Convection B.C.

d) Radiation B.C.

e) Interface B.C.

4) Average thermal conductivity k ave(§2-7)

5) Solution of one-dimensional, steady heat conduction in

plane walls、cylinders and spheres (k =const)：

a) no heat generation, specified B.C.: T(x) or T(r) (§2-5)

Q(x) or Q(r), Q=const

b) with heat generation, Specified B.C. or Convection B.C. : (§2-6)

?T max=T o-T s= gs2/2nk ; q(x)=gx/n; T s=T + gs/nh characteristic length S, shape factor n:

plane walls —s = L (half thickness), n = 1

cylinders ——s =r o, n = 2

spheres ——s =r o, n =3

3.Methods: Solve a heat transfer problem

1) Mathematical formulation (differential equation & B.C.)

2) General solution of equation

3) Application of B.C.s

4) Unique solution of the problem

主要专业词汇

temperature field\distribution温度场\分布temperature gradient温度梯度

heat generation热生成(热源)initial\boundary condition初始\边界条件

transient heat transfer瞬态(非稳态)传热isothermal surface 等温面

Heat conduction differential equation 导热微分方程

trial and error method试算法iterate迭代convergence 收敛

Chapter 3 Steady Heat Conduction

主要容

1.Concepts:

multilayer\composite wall overall heat transfer coefficient U

thermal resistance R t thermal contact resistance R c critical radius of insulation R cr

fin efficiency fin effectiveness

2.Equations:

?Multiplayer plane wall、cylinders and spheres:

?Fin: fin equation——refer to the attachment.

1) Uniform cross-section: refer to the attachment.

2) Varying cross-section: refer to the attachment.

主要专业词汇

thermal resistance热阻parallel 并联in series串联

thermal contact resistance 接触热阻composite wall 复合壁面

thermal grease 热脂cross-section 横截面temperature execess 过余温度

hyperbolic 双曲线的exponent 指数

fin 肋(翅)片fin base 肋基fin tip 肋端

fin efficiency 肋效率fin effectiveness 肋片有效度

Chapter 4 Transient Heat Conduction

主要容

1.Concepts:

lumped system analysis characteristic length (L c=V/A)

Biot number (Bi=hL c /k) Fourier number ( τ = at/L)

2.Equations:

●Bi≤0, lumped system analysis (§4-1)

●Bi>0, Heisler/Grober charts OR analytical expressions

1-D：a) infinite large plane walls, long cylinders and spheres (§

4-2)

b) semi-infinite solids (§4-3)

multidimensional: product solution (§4-4)

主要专业词汇

lumped system analysis 集总参数法characteristic length 特征长度（尺寸）dimension 量纲nondimensionalize 无量纲化dimensionless quantity 无量纲量semi-infinite solid 半无限大固体complementary error function 误差余函数

series 级数production solution 乘积解

Chapter 5 Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction

主要容

1.Concepts:

control volume (energy balance) method、finite difference method、

discretization、node、space step、time step、

mesh Biot number、mesh Fourier number、mirror image concept、

explicit/implicit method、stability criterion (primary coefficients ≥0)

Numerical error: 1) discretization/truncation error; 2) round-off error

2.Methods:

Numerical solution:

1) Discretization in space and time (?x, ?t);

2) Build all nodes’finite difference formulations (including interior and boundary nodes);

i.Finite difference method

ii.Energy balance method (i.e.

Control Volume method)

3) Solution of nodal difference eqs. of heat conduction;

i.Direct method: Gaussian Elimination

ii.Iterative method: Gauss-Seidel iteration

主要专业词汇

control volume 控制容积finite difference有限差分

Taylor series expression泰勒级数展开式

mirror image concept 镜像法Elimination method 消元法direct/iterative method 直接/迭代方法explicit/implicit method 显式/隐式格式stability criterion 稳定性条件primary coefficients 主系数

unconditionally 无条件地algebraic eq. 代数方程discretization/truncation error 离散/截断误差round-off error 舍入误差

Chapter 6、7 Forced Convection and Natural

Convection

主要容

1.Concepts:

Nu、Re、Gr、Pr

Force/natural convection、external/internal flow、velocity/thermal boundary layer

flow regimes、laminar/turbulent flow

hydrodynamic/thermal entry region、fully developed region

Critical Reynolds Number (Re c)、hydraulic diameter (D h)、

film temperature (T f)、bulk mean fluid temperature (T b)

logarithmic mean temperature difference ( ?T ln)

volume expansion coefficient (β= 1/T)

effective thermal conductivity (K eff = K Nu)

2.Equations:

Drag force ：F D = C f AρV2/2

Heat transfer rate：Q = hA(T s-T∞)

3．Typical Convection Phenomena:

1) Forced convection：external flow——flow over flat plates (§6-4)

——flow across cylinders and spheres (§6-5)

internal flow——flow in tubes (§6-6)

2) Natural convection：flow over surfaces (§7-2)

flow inside enclosures (§7-3)

主要专业词汇

Force/natural convection 自然/强制对流laminar/turbulent flow 层/湍流

boundary layer 边界层laminar sublayer 层流底层buffer layer 缓冲层

transition region 过渡区flow regimes 流态

inertia/viscous force 惯性/粘性力shear stress 剪切应力

friction/drag coefficient 摩擦/阻力系数friction factor 摩擦因子

dynamic/kinematic viscous 动力/运动粘度

wake 尾流stagnation point 滞止点flow separation 流体分离

vortex 漩涡rotational motion 环流velocity fluctuation 速度脉动hydrodynamic 水动力学的hydraulic diameter 水力直径

fully developed region 充分发展段volume flow rate 体积流量

arithmetic/logarithmic mean temperature difference 算术/对数平均温差

volume expansion coefficient 体积膨胀系数

interferometer 干涉仪asymptotic渐近线的

effective thermal conductivity 有效热导率

analogical method 类比法integral approach 积分近似法

order of magnitude analysis 数量级分析法similarity principle 相似原理

Chapter 9 Radiation Heat Transfer

主要容

1.Concepts:

black body、gray body、diffuse surface、emissive power (E)

emissivity (ε)、absorptivity (α)、reflectivity (ρ)、transmissivity (τ) irradiation(G)、radiosity(J)、reradiating(adiabatic) surface

view factor (F ij)、radiation network、space resistance、surface resistance radiation shield

gas radiation、transparent medium to radiation、absorbing and transmitting medium

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea13351143.html,ws:

Blackbody：(1) Plank’s law

(2) Stefan-Boltzmann’s law

(3) Wien’s displacement law

Graybody：(4) Kirchhoff’s law

Actual body：E (T) = εE b(T) = εσT4W/m2

Gas：(5) Beer’s law

3．Calculation:

1) View factor：reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule

crossed-strings method

2) Radiation heat transfer：Radiation network

Open system：between two surface (e.g. two large parallel plates) Enclosure：2-surface enclosure；3-surface enclosure

Radiation shield

主要专业词汇

thermal radiation热辐射、quantum theory量子理论、index of refraction 折射系数

electromagnetic wave/spectrum 电磁波/波谱、ultraviolet (UV) rays紫外线、infrared (IR) rays 红外线

absorptivity 吸收率、reflectivity 反射率、transmissivity 透射率、emissivity (ε) 发射率(黑度)、specular/diffuse reflection 镜反射/漫反射

irradiation (incident radiation) 投入辐射、radiosity 有效辐射

spectral/directional/total emissive power单色/定向/总辐射力

fraction of radiation energy 辐射能量份额(辐射比)、blackbody radiation function 黑体辐射函数

view factor 辐射角系数、crossed-strings method交叉线法、

reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule相互/完整/和分/对称性

net radiation heat transfer 净辐射热流量

radiation network 辐射网络图、space/surface radiation resistance 空间/表面辐射热阻、

reradiating surface重辐射面、adiabatic 绝热的

radiation shield遮热板

transparent medium to radiation辐射透热体、absorbing and transmitting medium吸收-透过性介

质

Chapter 10 Heat Exchangers

主要容

1.Concepts:

heat exchanger type---- double-pipe、compact、shell-and-tube、plate-and-frame、regenerative heat exchanger

parallel/counter/cross/multipass flow

overall heat transfer coefficient (U) fouling factor (R f)

heat capacity rate capacity ration

log mean temperature difference (ΔT lm)

heat transfer effectiveness (ε)

number of transfer units (NTU)

2.Equations:

1) heat balance eq.: Q = C h (T h,in - T h,out)=C c(T c,out - T c,in)

2) heat transfer eq.: Q = UAΔT lm( LMTD method)

or Q = εQ max = εC min (T h,in ？C T c,in) ( ε-NTU method) 3．Methods:

1) LMTD Method：select a heat exchanger

Known: C h、C c、3‘T’

Predict: 1‘T’、Q、A

2) ε-NTU Method：evaluate the performance of a specified heat exchanger

Known: C h、C c、UA、T h,in、T c,in

Predict: Q、T h,out、T c,out

主要专业词汇

double-pipe/compact/shell-and-tube/plate-and-frame/regenerative heat exchanger

套管式/紧凑式/壳管式/板式/蓄热（再生）式换热器

parallel/counter/cross/multipass flow 顺流/逆流/叉流/多程流

area density 面积密度tube/shell pass 管程/壳程static/dynamic type 静/动态型

baffle 挡板header 封头nozzle管嘴guide bar 导向杆porthole 孔口gasket 垫圈lateral 侧面的/横向的

fouling factor 污垢因子heat capacity rate 水当量

heat transfer effectiveness (ε) 传热有效度

number of transfer units (NTU) 传热单元数